高土石坝动力弹塑性与黏弹性分析方法比较研究
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摘要
为了研究黏弹性方法和弹塑性方法用于分析土石坝动力性状时存在的结果差异,分别以沈珠江动力模型和静、动统一的广义塑性模型为例,同等条件下对比研究2种方法在加速度反应、坝体位移历史、震后残余变形、防渗体应力等方面的差异。研究结果表明:(1)弹塑性方法得到的坝顶区加速度放大系数较黏弹性方法略小,但中下部坝体加速度放大效应更强;(2)由于黏弹性方法坝体位移过程不包含地震残余分量,所以与弹塑性方法计算结果存在较大差异;(3)黏弹性方法采用经验公式估算的坝体残余变形规律与弹塑性方法结果较为一致,但弹塑性方法计算的坝体震缩现象与实际震害更为吻合;(4)黏弹性方法计算的面板破坏型式主要为面板顶部区域的拉伸破坏,而弹塑性方法的计算结果为面板中部区域的受压破坏,这主要是由于黏弹性方法未包含地震残余位移分量导致,其计算的面板动应力失真,弹塑性方法可有效克服黏弹性方法的缺陷。
In order to study the difference between the equivalent viscoelastic method and the elastoplastic method in earth-rock dam dynamic analysis,the Shen?s dynamic model and the generalized plasticity model were compared in several aspects of acceleration response,dam displacement history,residual deformation and slab dynamic stress under the same condition. Results show that,compared with the viscoelastic method,the acceleration amplifications at the top and at the lower middle of the dam calculated by the elastoplastic method are respectively slightly smaller and larger. Because the residual displacement is not considered in the viscoelastic method,the calculation displacement history is largely different from that obtained by the elastoplastic method.The residual deformation calculated by the viscoelastic method is rather consistent with the elastoplastic method,but the dam shrinkage evaluated by the elastoplastic method is more identical to actual earthquake damage.Calculation results by the viscoelastic method show that tensile failure will occur at the top part of the slab during the earthquake,but the results by the elastoplastic method reveal that compressive failure will occur at the middle of the slab. The main reason is that the viscoelastic method does not include the residual displacement component which results in the dynamic stress of the slab distorted. It is indicated that the elastoplastic method can effectively overcome the defects of the viscoelastic method.
In order to study the difference between the equivalent viscoelastic method and the elastoplastic method in earth-rock dam dynamic analysis,the Shen?s dynamic model and the generalized plasticity model were compared in several aspects of acceleration response,dam displacement history,residual deformation and slab dynamic stress under the same condition. Results show that,compared with the viscoelastic method,the acceleration amplifications at the top and at the lower middle of the dam calculated by the elastoplastic method are respectively slightly smaller and larger. Because the residual displacement is not considered in the viscoelastic method,the calculation displacement history is largely different from that obtained by the elastoplastic method.The residual deformation calculated by the viscoelastic method is rather consistent with the elastoplastic method,but the dam shrinkage evaluated by the elastoplastic method is more identical to actual earthquake damage.Calculation results by the viscoelastic method show that tensile failure will occur at the top part of the slab during the earthquake,but the results by the elastoplastic method reveal that compressive failure will occur at the middle of the slab. The main reason is that the viscoelastic method does not include the residual displacement component which results in the dynamic stress of the slab distorted. It is indicated that the elastoplastic method can effectively overcome the defects of the viscoelastic method.
引文
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[11]姚仰平,万征,陈生水.考虑颗粒破碎的动力UH模型[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(7):1 036-1 044.(YAO Yangping,WAN Zheng,CHEN Shengshui.Dynamic UH model considering particle crushing[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(7):1 036-1 044.(in Chinese))
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[13]陈生水,彭成,傅中志.基于广义塑性理论的堆石料动力本构模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(11):1 961-1 968.(CHENShengshui,PENG Cheng,FU Zhongzhi.Dynamic constitutive model for rockfill materials based on generalized plasticity theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(11):1 961-1 968.(in Chinese))
[14]朱晟,魏匡民,林道通.筑坝土石料的统一广义塑性本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(8):1 394-1 399.(ZHU Sheng,WEIKuangmin,LIN Daotong.Generalized plasticity model for soil and coarse-grained dam materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(8):1 394-1 399.(in Chinese))
[15]孔亮,郑颖人,姚仰平.基于广义塑性力学的土体次加载面循环塑性模型(Ⅱ):本构方程与验证[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):349-354.(KONG Liang,ZHENG Yingren,YAO Yangping.Subloading surface cyclic plastic model for soil based on generalized plasticicty(II):constitutive equation and indentification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(3):349-354.(in Chinese))
[16]LING H I,LIU H B.Pressure-level dependency and densification behavior of sand through generalized plasticity model[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2003,129(8):851-860.
[17]LIU H,LING H I.Constitutive description of interface behavior including cyclic loading and particle breakage within the framework of critical state soil mechanics[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2008,32(12):1 495-1 514.
[18]孔宪京,邹德高,徐斌,等.紫坪铺面板堆石坝三维有限元弹塑性分析[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(2):213-222.(KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,XU Bin,et al.Three-dimensional finite element elastoplastic analysis of Zipingpu concrete faced rock-fill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(2):213-222.(in Chinese))
[19]于玉贞,卞锋.高土石坝地震动力响应特征弹塑性有限元分析[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(增1):341-345.(YU Yuzhen,BIAN Feng.Elasto-plastic FEM analysis of dynamic response of high earth-rockfill dams during earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(Supp.1):341-345.(in Chinese))
[20]王睿,张建民,王刚.砂土液化大变形本构模型的三维化及其数值实现[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):91-97.(WANG Rui,ZHANG Jianmin,WANG Gang.Multiaxial formulation and numerical implementation of a constitutive model for the evaluation of lame liquefactiorrinduced deformation[J].China Earthquake Enuineerinu Journal,2013,35(1):91-97.(in Chinese))
[21]张幸幸.堆石料弹塑性循环本构模型研究及应用[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,2015.(ZHANG Xingxing.Research on cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for rockfill materials and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015.(in Chinese))
[22]朱百里,沈珠江.计算土力学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:58-59.(ZHU Baili,SHEN Zhujiang.Computational soil mechanics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1990:58-59.(in Chinese))
[23]FU Z,CHEN S,PENG C.Modeling cyclic behavior of rockfill materials in a framework of generalized plasticity[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2014,14(2):191-204.
[24]吴军帅,姜朴.土与混凝土接触面的动力剪切特性[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(2):61-66.(WU Junshuai,JIANG Pu.Dynamic shear properties of the interface between the soils and concrete[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(2):61-66.(in Chinese))
[25]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5·12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Shengshui,HUO Jiaping,ZHANG Weimin.Analysis of effects of“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake on zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(in Chinese))
[26]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.Code for seismic design of hydraulic structures of hydropower projects[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015.(in Chinese))
[2]SEED H B,WONG R T,IDRISS I M,et al.Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analyses of cohesionless soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,112(11):1 016-1 032.
[3]FEIZI-KHANKANDI S,GHALANDARZADEH A,MIRGHASEMIA A,et al.Seismic analysis of the garmrood embankment dam with asphaltic concrete core[J].Soils and Foundations,2009,49(2):153-166.
[4]UDDIN N.A dynamic analysis procedure for concrete-faced rockfill dams subjected to strong seismic excitation[J].Computers and Structures,1999,72(1/3):409-421.
[5]孔宪京,周扬,邹德高,等.汶川地震紫坪铺面板堆石坝地震波输入研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(7):2 110-2 116.(KONGXianjing,ZHOU Yang,ZOU Degao,et al.Study of seismic wave input of Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(7):2 110-2 116.(in Chinese))
[6]顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:118-119.(GU Gancheng,SHEN Changsong,CEN Weijun.Earthquake dam earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2009:118-119.(in Chinese))
[7]赵剑明,汪闻韶,常亚屏,等.高面板坝三维真非线性地震反应分析方法及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2003,(9):12-18.(ZHAOJianming,WANG Wenshao,CHANG Yaping,et al.3D authentic nonlinear method for dynamic analysis of high CFRD[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(9):12-18.(in Chinese))
[8]DAFALIAS Y F.Bounding surface plasticity.I:mathematical foundation and hypoplasticity[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1986,112(9):966-987.
[9]DAFALIAS Y F,HERRMANN L R.Bounding surface plasticity.II:Application to isotropic cohesive soil[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1986,112(12):1 263-1 291.
[10]PASTOR M,ZIENKIEWICZ O C,CHAN A H C.Generalized plasticity and the modelling of soil behaviour[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1990,14(3):151-190.
[11]姚仰平,万征,陈生水.考虑颗粒破碎的动力UH模型[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(7):1 036-1 044.(YAO Yangping,WAN Zheng,CHEN Shengshui.Dynamic UH model considering particle crushing[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(7):1 036-1 044.(in Chinese))
[12]HASHIGUCHI K,CHEN Z P.Elastoplastic constitutive equation of soils with the subloading surface and the rotational hardening[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1998,22(3):197-227.
[13]陈生水,彭成,傅中志.基于广义塑性理论的堆石料动力本构模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(11):1 961-1 968.(CHENShengshui,PENG Cheng,FU Zhongzhi.Dynamic constitutive model for rockfill materials based on generalized plasticity theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(11):1 961-1 968.(in Chinese))
[14]朱晟,魏匡民,林道通.筑坝土石料的统一广义塑性本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(8):1 394-1 399.(ZHU Sheng,WEIKuangmin,LIN Daotong.Generalized plasticity model for soil and coarse-grained dam materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(8):1 394-1 399.(in Chinese))
[15]孔亮,郑颖人,姚仰平.基于广义塑性力学的土体次加载面循环塑性模型(Ⅱ):本构方程与验证[J].岩土力学,2003,24(3):349-354.(KONG Liang,ZHENG Yingren,YAO Yangping.Subloading surface cyclic plastic model for soil based on generalized plasticicty(II):constitutive equation and indentification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(3):349-354.(in Chinese))
[16]LING H I,LIU H B.Pressure-level dependency and densification behavior of sand through generalized plasticity model[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2003,129(8):851-860.
[17]LIU H,LING H I.Constitutive description of interface behavior including cyclic loading and particle breakage within the framework of critical state soil mechanics[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2008,32(12):1 495-1 514.
[18]孔宪京,邹德高,徐斌,等.紫坪铺面板堆石坝三维有限元弹塑性分析[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(2):213-222.(KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,XU Bin,et al.Three-dimensional finite element elastoplastic analysis of Zipingpu concrete faced rock-fill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(2):213-222.(in Chinese))
[19]于玉贞,卞锋.高土石坝地震动力响应特征弹塑性有限元分析[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(增1):341-345.(YU Yuzhen,BIAN Feng.Elasto-plastic FEM analysis of dynamic response of high earth-rockfill dams during earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(Supp.1):341-345.(in Chinese))
[20]王睿,张建民,王刚.砂土液化大变形本构模型的三维化及其数值实现[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):91-97.(WANG Rui,ZHANG Jianmin,WANG Gang.Multiaxial formulation and numerical implementation of a constitutive model for the evaluation of lame liquefactiorrinduced deformation[J].China Earthquake Enuineerinu Journal,2013,35(1):91-97.(in Chinese))
[21]张幸幸.堆石料弹塑性循环本构模型研究及应用[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,2015.(ZHANG Xingxing.Research on cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for rockfill materials and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015.(in Chinese))
[22]朱百里,沈珠江.计算土力学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:58-59.(ZHU Baili,SHEN Zhujiang.Computational soil mechanics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1990:58-59.(in Chinese))
[23]FU Z,CHEN S,PENG C.Modeling cyclic behavior of rockfill materials in a framework of generalized plasticity[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2014,14(2):191-204.
[24]吴军帅,姜朴.土与混凝土接触面的动力剪切特性[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(2):61-66.(WU Junshuai,JIANG Pu.Dynamic shear properties of the interface between the soils and concrete[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(2):61-66.(in Chinese))
[25]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5·12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Shengshui,HUO Jiaping,ZHANG Weimin.Analysis of effects of“5·12”Wenchuan earthquake on zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(in Chinese))
[26]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of the People′s Republic of China.Code for seismic design of hydraulic structures of hydropower projects[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2015.(in Chinese))
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