基于地形梯度的淇河流域土地利用时空变异分析
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摘要
地形作为最基本的自然地理要素,在一定程度上影响着土地利用变化,对土地利用空间格局的形成具有重要影响。以太行山淇河流域为例,借助DEM提取高程、坡度信息,采用转移矩阵、区域统计分析和地形分布指数系统分析淇河流域1990—2015年间土地利用时空变异特征,定量分析了地形梯度上土地利用变化。结果表明:25年来变化最大的土地利用类型为耕地和草地,耕地面积净减少量最大,林地次之;草地面积净增加最多,建设用地面积净增加次之,未利用地面积变化不大。耕地、建设用地、草地生态系统集中于低地形梯度区,而林地集中于高地形梯度区;耕地、林地在低海拔区域面积呈减少趋势,水域和建设用地增加集中在低海拔地区;耕地在低坡度区域内呈现减少趋势,建设用地在低坡度地区增加集中。
As the most basic natural geographical factor, topography affects land use change to a certain extent and has an important impact on the formation of spatial pattern of land use. Taking the Qi River Basin in Taihang Mountain as an example, DEM was used to extract elevation and slope information, and the transfer matrix, regional statistical analysis and terrain distribution index system were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of land use in the Qi River Basin from 1990 to 2015, and the land use status on the topographic gradient is quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the largest change in the past 25 years was cultivated land and grassland. The largest net reduction of area occured in the cultivated land, followed by the forest land. However, the grassland showed the greatest increase of area,followed by the construction land. The area of unused land did not changed obviously. Cultivated land, construction land and grassland ecosystems were concentrated in the low-terrain gradient region, but forest land was concentrated in the high-terrain gradient region. Cultivated land and forest land were decreased in the low-altitude region, whereas water area and construction land were increased in the low-altitude region. Cultivated land was decreased in the low slope region, and construction land was increased centrally in the low-slope region.
As the most basic natural geographical factor, topography affects land use change to a certain extent and has an important impact on the formation of spatial pattern of land use. Taking the Qi River Basin in Taihang Mountain as an example, DEM was used to extract elevation and slope information, and the transfer matrix, regional statistical analysis and terrain distribution index system were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of land use in the Qi River Basin from 1990 to 2015, and the land use status on the topographic gradient is quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the largest change in the past 25 years was cultivated land and grassland. The largest net reduction of area occured in the cultivated land, followed by the forest land. However, the grassland showed the greatest increase of area,followed by the construction land. The area of unused land did not changed obviously. Cultivated land, construction land and grassland ecosystems were concentrated in the low-terrain gradient region, but forest land was concentrated in the high-terrain gradient region. Cultivated land and forest land were decreased in the low-altitude region, whereas water area and construction land were increased in the low-altitude region. Cultivated land was decreased in the low slope region, and construction land was increased centrally in the low-slope region.
引文
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[16]Landry H,Thirion F,Lague C,et al.Numerical modeling of the flow of organic fertilizers in land application equipment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2006,51(1/2):35-53.
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[18]Ayodele O A,Issaak P,Maurizio P,et al.Computer-assisted discrimination of morphological units on north-central Crete(Greece)by applying multivariate statistics to local relief gradients[J].Geomorphology,2004,58(1/2/3/4):357-370.
[29]McNamara J P,Ziegler A D,Wood S H,et al.Channel head locations with respect to geomorphologic thresholds derived from a digital elevation model:A case study in northern Thainland[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,224(1/2):147-156.
[20]Sesnie S E,Gessler P E,Finegan Bryan,et al.Integrating landsat TM and SRTM-DEM derived variables with decision trees for habitat classification and change detection in complex neotropical environments[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(5):2145-2159.
[21]卜心国,王仰麟,沈春竹,等.深圳市地形对土地利用动态的影响[J].地理研究,2009,28(4):1011-1021.Bu X G,Wang Y L,Shen C Z,et al.Influence of landforms of on the land use dynamics in Shenzhen City[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(4):1011-1021.
[22]孙丕苓,许月卿,王数.环京津贫困带土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):277-288.Sun P L,Xu Y Q,Wang S.Terrain gradient effect analysis of land use change in poverty area around Beijing and Tianjin[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(14):277-288.
[23]陈利顶,杨爽,冯晓明.土地利用变化的地形梯度特征与空间扩展——以北京市海淀区和延庆县为例[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1225-1234.Chen L D,Yang S,Feng X M.Land use change characteristics along the terrain gradient and the spatial expanding analysis:Acase study of Haidian District and Yanqing County,Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2008,27(6):1225-1234.
[24]代冬梅,吴国平,司惠超.基于DEM的浏阳市土地利用空间格局分析[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):1231-1234.Dai D M,Wu G P,Si H C.Analysis of spatial pattern of land use in Liuyang City based on DEM[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(3):1231-1234.
[25]崔卫国,文倩,刘艳艳,等.基于DEM的醴陵市土地利用空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):228-234.Cui W G,Wen Q,Liu Y Y,et al.Analyzing spatial pattern of land use in Liling City based on DEM[J].Resources Science,2008,30(2):228-234.
[26]邹敏,吴泉源,逄杰武.基于DEM的龙口市土地利用空间格局与时空变化研究[J].测绘科学,2007(6):173-175.Zhou M,Wu Q Y,Pang J W.Analysis of the land use spatial pattern and spatio-temporal changes in the area of Longkou based on DEM[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007(6):173-175.
[27]李丹,刘丹丹,赵金祥.基于DEM的山区土地利用变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):66-71.Li D,Liu D D,Zhao J X.Analysis of land use change in Mountain area based on DEM[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(1):66-71.
[28]王丽,钱乐祥.土地利用和土地覆被变化模型方法综述[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(1):52-58.Wang L,Qian Y X.An reviews of model methods on land use and land covor change[J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science),2005,35(1):52-58.
[29]任斐鹏,江源,熊兴,等.东江流域近20年土地利用变化的时空差异特征分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):143-152.Ren F P,Jiang Y,Xiong X,et al.Characteristics of the spatialtemporal differences of land use changes in the Dongjiang River Basin[J].Resources Science,2011,33(1):143-152.
[30]喻红,曾辉,江子瀛.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.Yu H,Zeng H,Jiang Z Y.Study on distribution characteristics of landscape elements along the terrain gradient[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2001,21(1):64-69.
[2]时振钦,邓伟,张少尧.近25年横断山区国土空间格局与时空变化研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(3):607-621.Shi Z Q,Deng W,Zhang S Y.Spatial pattern and spatio-temporal change of territory space in Hengduan Mountains region in recent25 years[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(3):607-621.
[3]Zhang J J,Zhu W B,Zhao F,et al.Spatial variations of terrain and their impacts on landscape patterns in the transition zone from mountains to plains-A case study of Qihe River Basin in the Taihang Mountains[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2018,61(4):450-461.
[4]李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域-土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-558.Li X B.A review of the international researches on land use/land cover change[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1996,51(6):553-558.
[5]Sleeter B M,Sohl T L,Loveland T R,et al.Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000[J].Global Environmental Change,2013,23(4):733-748.
[6]陈华,孙丹峰,段增强,等.基于DEM的山地日照时数模拟时空特点及应用——以北京西山门头沟区为例[J].山地学报,2002,20(5):559-563.Chen H,Sun D F,Duan Z Q,et al.Sunshine hours modeling and spa-temporal variation analysis based on DEM in mountainous area-Take Mentougou mountain in west Beijing as the example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2002,20(5):559-563.
[7]郑海金,华珞,欧立业.中国土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究综述[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):89-95.Zheng H J,Hua L,Ou L Y.Summarization of the study of land use/land cover change in China[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2003,24(3):89-95.
[8]孙然好,陈利顶,张百平,等.山地景观垂直分异研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1617-1624.Sun R H,Chen L D,Zhang B P,et al.Vertical zonation of mountain landscape:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(7):1617-1624.
[9]Pinder J E III,Kroh G C,White J D,et al.The relationships between vegetation type and topography in Lassen Volcanic National Park[J].Plant Ecology,1997,131(1):17-29.
[10]冯朝阳,于勇,高吉喜,等.地形因子对京西门头沟区土地利用/覆盖变化的影响[J].山地学报,2007,25(3):274-279.Feng C Y,Yu Y,Gao J X,et al.Influences of topographic on distribution and change of land use and cover in Mentougou District,Beijing[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(3):274-279.
[11]邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.黄土丘陵小流域土地利用的时空分布及其与地形因子的关系[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(1):20-29.Qiu Y,Fu B J,Wang J,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of land use in relation to topography in a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(1):20-29.
[12]孙丽,陈焕伟,潘家文.运用DEM剖析土地利用类型的分布及时空变化——以北京延庆县为例[J].山地学报,2004,22(6):762-766.S u n L,C h e n H W,P a n J W.A n a l y s i s o f t h e l a n d u s e spatiotemporal variation based on DEM——Beijing Yanqing County as an example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(6):762-766.
[13]Jozef M,Evans I S.Elementary forms for land surface segmentation:The theoretical basis of terrain analysis and geomorphological mapping[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3/4):236-259.
[14]Bernhard K,Graciela M,Gernot P.Geomorphometric landscape analysis using a semi-automated GIS-approach[J].Environmental Modeling&Software,2008,23(1):109-121.
[15]Simon W,Jonathan L,Huang G H.A study on DEM-derived primary topographic attributes for hydrologic applications:Sensitivity to elevation data resolution[J].Applied Geography,2008,28(3):210-223.
[16]Landry H,Thirion F,Lague C,et al.Numerical modeling of the flow of organic fertilizers in land application equipment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2006,51(1/2):35-53.
[17]虎陈霞,杨空,郭旭东,等.嘉兴市土地利用时空变化与生态服务价值评估[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(3):503-510.Hu C X,Yang K,Guo X D,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of land use and ecological service values in Jiaxing[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(3):503-510.
[18]Ayodele O A,Issaak P,Maurizio P,et al.Computer-assisted discrimination of morphological units on north-central Crete(Greece)by applying multivariate statistics to local relief gradients[J].Geomorphology,2004,58(1/2/3/4):357-370.
[29]McNamara J P,Ziegler A D,Wood S H,et al.Channel head locations with respect to geomorphologic thresholds derived from a digital elevation model:A case study in northern Thainland[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,224(1/2):147-156.
[20]Sesnie S E,Gessler P E,Finegan Bryan,et al.Integrating landsat TM and SRTM-DEM derived variables with decision trees for habitat classification and change detection in complex neotropical environments[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(5):2145-2159.
[21]卜心国,王仰麟,沈春竹,等.深圳市地形对土地利用动态的影响[J].地理研究,2009,28(4):1011-1021.Bu X G,Wang Y L,Shen C Z,et al.Influence of landforms of on the land use dynamics in Shenzhen City[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(4):1011-1021.
[22]孙丕苓,许月卿,王数.环京津贫困带土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):277-288.Sun P L,Xu Y Q,Wang S.Terrain gradient effect analysis of land use change in poverty area around Beijing and Tianjin[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(14):277-288.
[23]陈利顶,杨爽,冯晓明.土地利用变化的地形梯度特征与空间扩展——以北京市海淀区和延庆县为例[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1225-1234.Chen L D,Yang S,Feng X M.Land use change characteristics along the terrain gradient and the spatial expanding analysis:Acase study of Haidian District and Yanqing County,Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2008,27(6):1225-1234.
[24]代冬梅,吴国平,司惠超.基于DEM的浏阳市土地利用空间格局分析[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(3):1231-1234.Dai D M,Wu G P,Si H C.Analysis of spatial pattern of land use in Liuyang City based on DEM[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(3):1231-1234.
[25]崔卫国,文倩,刘艳艳,等.基于DEM的醴陵市土地利用空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):228-234.Cui W G,Wen Q,Liu Y Y,et al.Analyzing spatial pattern of land use in Liling City based on DEM[J].Resources Science,2008,30(2):228-234.
[26]邹敏,吴泉源,逄杰武.基于DEM的龙口市土地利用空间格局与时空变化研究[J].测绘科学,2007(6):173-175.Zhou M,Wu Q Y,Pang J W.Analysis of the land use spatial pattern and spatio-temporal changes in the area of Longkou based on DEM[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007(6):173-175.
[27]李丹,刘丹丹,赵金祥.基于DEM的山区土地利用变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):66-71.Li D,Liu D D,Zhao J X.Analysis of land use change in Mountain area based on DEM[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(1):66-71.
[28]王丽,钱乐祥.土地利用和土地覆被变化模型方法综述[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(1):52-58.Wang L,Qian Y X.An reviews of model methods on land use and land covor change[J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science),2005,35(1):52-58.
[29]任斐鹏,江源,熊兴,等.东江流域近20年土地利用变化的时空差异特征分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):143-152.Ren F P,Jiang Y,Xiong X,et al.Characteristics of the spatialtemporal differences of land use changes in the Dongjiang River Basin[J].Resources Science,2011,33(1):143-152.
[30]喻红,曾辉,江子瀛.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.Yu H,Zeng H,Jiang Z Y.Study on distribution characteristics of landscape elements along the terrain gradient[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2001,21(1):64-69.
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