豫西山区县域地形起伏度与人口、经济活动分布的关系
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摘要
以豫西山区为例,采用均值变点法提取地形起伏度,以县域为分析单元,选择人口密度与经济密度两个指标,利用相关分析法定量探究地形起伏度对人口和经济的影响及其差异,并与海拔高度、坡度的影响进行对比分析。结果表明:①豫西山区地形以中起伏(200～500 m)为主,小起伏(70～200 m)和微起伏(30～70 m)次之,平坦地区(0～30 m)和大起伏(≥500 m)所占比例较少。②地形起伏度对人口、经济的影响均强于海拔和坡度的影响,对人口分布的影响强于对经济发展的影响。③豫西山区49.29%的人口和47.42%的经济总量分布在地形起伏度不超过115 m的区域,土地面积仅占26.45%;地形起伏度超过245 m的区域占研究区总面积的19.55%,但仅居住5.89%的人口且仅创造4.85%的经济总量。豫西山区的人口分布和经济发展向低地形起伏区的集聚态势明显。
West Henan Mountain Area(i.e. the extent of Qinling Mountains in Henan Province), situated in the transition zone from the second stair to the third stair of Chinese macro-topography, was selected as case study area and calculated the relief amplitude using the mean turning-point method, and selected the population density and economic density based on county units to study the impacts of relief amplitude on the population and economic pattern as well as their difference, meanwhile, also measured the difference between the effects of relief amplitude and other terrain factors on the population and economy. The results show that:(1) The topography of West Henan Mountain Area was mainly middle relief amplitude(200～500 m), followed by small relief amplitude(70～200 m) and the slight relief amplitude(30～70 m), while the flat(0～30 m) and the large relief amplitude(≥500 m) accounted for a small proportion.(2) The impacts of relief amplitude on population and economy were stronger than that of other terrain factors, and the impact on the population distribution was stronger than that on the economic development.(3) 49.29% of the population and 47.42% of total economy distributed in areas where the relief amplitude was less than 115 m, while the land area only accounted for 26.45%; and areas where the relief amplitude was bigger than 245 m accounted for 19.55%, however the population only accounted for 5.89%, and only created 4.85% of the total economy. The agglomerations of the population distribution and economic development to low value areas of relief amplitude were obvious.
West Henan Mountain Area(i.e. the extent of Qinling Mountains in Henan Province), situated in the transition zone from the second stair to the third stair of Chinese macro-topography, was selected as case study area and calculated the relief amplitude using the mean turning-point method, and selected the population density and economic density based on county units to study the impacts of relief amplitude on the population and economic pattern as well as their difference, meanwhile, also measured the difference between the effects of relief amplitude and other terrain factors on the population and economy. The results show that:(1) The topography of West Henan Mountain Area was mainly middle relief amplitude(200～500 m), followed by small relief amplitude(70～200 m) and the slight relief amplitude(30～70 m), while the flat(0～30 m) and the large relief amplitude(≥500 m) accounted for a small proportion.(2) The impacts of relief amplitude on population and economy were stronger than that of other terrain factors, and the impact on the population distribution was stronger than that on the economic development.(3) 49.29% of the population and 47.42% of total economy distributed in areas where the relief amplitude was less than 115 m, while the land area only accounted for 26.45%; and areas where the relief amplitude was bigger than 245 m accounted for 19.55%, however the population only accounted for 5.89%, and only created 4.85% of the total economy. The agglomerations of the population distribution and economic development to low value areas of relief amplitude were obvious.
引文
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[34] KAN K.Residential Mobility and Social Capital[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2007,61(3):436-457.
[2] FANG Y P,YING B.Spatial Distribution of Mountainous Regions and Classifications of Economic Development in China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(6):1120-1138.
[3] LI Y,YANG X,CAI H,et al.Topographical Characteristics of Agricultural Potential Productivity during Cropland Transformation in China[J].Sustainability,2015,7(7):96-110.
[4] 周灿,李小建.河南省农业专业村发展与地理环境关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(4):130-135.
[5] 王婕,魏朝富,刘卫平,等.基于“三生”视角的山地丘陵区土地整治功能分区——以重庆市綦江区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(3):155-159,171.
[6] 杨杰.少数民族地区古城镇城址空间分布关系与地形特征研究——以湘西老司城遗址为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(3):172-176.
[7] 马晓龙,金远亮.张家界城市旅游发展的用地选择特征与成因[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(1):127-131,180.
[8] 封志明,张丹,杨艳昭.中国分县地形起伏度及其与人口分布和经济发展的相关性[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2011,51(1):146-151.
[9] 封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.中国地形起伏度及其与人口分布的相关性[J].地理学报,2007,62(10):1073-1082.
[10] YU H,LUO Y,LIU S Q,et al.The Influences of Topographic Relief on Spatial Distribution of Mountain Settlements in Three Gorges Area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):4335-4344.
[11] 肖池伟,刘影,李鹏.基于地形起伏度的江西省人口-经济格局变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):222-227.
[12] 周亮,徐建刚,林蔚,等.秦巴山连片特困区地形起伏与人口及经济关系[J].山地学报,2015,33(6):742-750.
[13] 程维明,周成虎.多尺度数字地貌等级分类方法[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(1):23-33.
[14] 范建容,张子瑜,李立华.四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):65-73.
[15] 张静静,朱文博,朱连奇,等.基于栅格的豫西山区地形起伏特征及其对人口和经济的影响[J].地理学报,2018,73(6):1093-1106.
[16] LIU C,SUN W,WU H.Determination of Complexity Factor and Its Relationship with Accuracy of Representation for DEM Terrain[J].Geo-spatial Information Science,2010,13(4):249-256.
[17] PRIMA O D A,ECHIGO A,YOKOYAMA R,et al.Supervised Landform Classification of Northeast Honshu from DEM-derived Thematic Maps[J].Geomorphology,2006,78(3):373-386.
[18] ZHANG X R,DONG K.Neighborhood Analysis-based Calculation and Analysis of Multi-scales Relief Amplitude[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,468/471:2086-2089.
[19] WANG L,TONG X J.Analysis on Relief Amplitude Based on Change Point Method[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2007,23(6):65-67.
[20] 张静静,朱文博,赵芳,等.山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响——以太行山淇河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2018,48(4):476-486.
[21] 蒋好忱,杨勤科.基于DEM的地形起伏度算法的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):162-166.
[22] ZHANG J J,ZHU W B,ZHAO F,et al.Spatial Variations of Terrain and Their Impacts on Landscape Patterns in the Transition Zone from Mountains to Plains:A Case Ctudy of Qihe River Basin in the Taihang Mountains[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2018,61(4):450-461.
[23] 熊黑钢,邹桂红,崔建勇.城市化过程中地形因素对城市空间结构演变的影响——以乌鲁木齐市为例[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):55-59.
[24] 廖顺宝,汪珂丽,蒋笑.土地覆被类型空间格局与地形因子的定量关联及其应用[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(5):80-86.
[25] 张静静,郑辉,朱连奇,等.豫西山地植被NDVI及其气候响应的多维变化[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):765-778.
[26] 张永民,肖风劲.豫西山区降水与气温的波动规律研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2132-2141.
[27] 张晓东,朱文博,张静静,等.伏牛山地森林植被物候及其对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2018,73(1):41-53.
[28] 李小建.欠发达农区经济发展中的农户行为:以豫西山地丘陵区为例[J].地理学报,2002,57(4):459-468.
[29] 万志芳,张冰.豫西山区居民收入状况调查研究[J].现代农业科技,2014,21(1):317-319.
[30] 李小建,许家伟,海贝贝.县域聚落分布格局演变分析——基于1929—2013年河南巩义的实证研究[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1870-1883.
[31] 马程远.豫西山地地貌的发育和分区[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),1982,12(1):34-40.
[32] 中华人民共和国地貌集编辑委员会.中华人民共和国地貌集[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[33] 柏中强,王卷乐,杨雅萍,等.基于乡镇尺度的中国25省区人口分布特征及影响因素[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1229-1242.
[34] KAN K.Residential Mobility and Social Capital[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2007,61(3):436-457.
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