塔河油田古近系陆相油气地球化学特征及其远距离成藏模式
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摘要
通过对塔河油田古近系油气藏油气物理性质、饱和烃色谱、分子标志化合物及碳同位素等地球化学特征研究,发现塔河古近系油气藏油气均表现出陆相油气地球化学特征,与塔河油田海相油气特征形成鲜明对比。结合前人对塔北地区烃源岩研究成果分析,认为塔河古近系油气来源于库车坳陷三叠系—侏罗系烃源岩。库车坳陷充足的油气源是塔河油田古近系油气成藏的物质基础。喜马拉雅期塔河中新生界区域北倾构成了油气由北向南运移的构造背景,库车坳陷烃源岩在新近纪康村组沉积晚期—库车组沉积早期达到高成熟期,其所生油气沿南翼斜坡的输导系统向南运移至古近系圈闭成藏。塔北地区古近系与白垩系之间的不整合是北部陆相油气远距离侧向运移的重要通道,油气向南侧向运移直线距离超过100km。塔北地区古近系泥岩是良好的区域盖层,多种成藏要素相互配合造就了塔河古近系远距离油气聚集模式,该模式较为合理的解释了塔河地区古近系油气藏分布特征,丰富了对塔河碎屑岩油气成藏规律认识,有助于塔河地区新生界碎屑岩油气勘探领域的进一步拓展。
The Paleogene oil and gas in the Tahe oil field were concluded to be continental in origin according to the physical properties and geochemical characteristics, including saturated hydrocarbon chromatography, molecular biomarkers and carbon isotopes. This is in sharp contrast to the marine oil and gas in the Tahe oil field. Combined with previous results of source rock in the Tabei area, it is concluded that the Paleogene oil and gas were originated from the Triassic and Jurassic source rocks in the Kuqa depression. Abundant oil and gas sources in the Kuqa depression provide material foundation for the Paleogene oil and gas accumulation in the Tahe oil field. The Cretaceous and Paleogene have dipped toward the Kuqa Depression in the northern Tarim Basin, being affected by the collision of the India block in the Himalaya period. This provides the structural condition for oil and gas migration southward. Source rocks in the Kuqa depression reached high maturity during the sedimentary period of the late Kangcun to early Kuqa formations. The oil and gas generated from the Kuqa depression migrated to the Paleogene trap along the southern flank slope. The unconformity between Paleogene and Cretaceous in the Tabei area is an important channel of the long-distance lateral migration in the northern area. The migration distance could be over 100 km in straight line. The Paleogene mudstones in the Tabei area act as good regional cap rocks. A variety of elements cooperate with each other to form a long-distance oil and gas accumulation pattern of the Tahe oil field. As such, distribution of the Paleogene reservoirs in the Tahe area was explained reasonably by the hydrocarbon accumulation model in this work. This enhances the understanding of the petroleum migration and accumulation laws in the region, and will be helpful to extend the exploration of Cenozoic clastic rocks in the Tabei area.
The Paleogene oil and gas in the Tahe oil field were concluded to be continental in origin according to the physical properties and geochemical characteristics, including saturated hydrocarbon chromatography, molecular biomarkers and carbon isotopes. This is in sharp contrast to the marine oil and gas in the Tahe oil field. Combined with previous results of source rock in the Tabei area, it is concluded that the Paleogene oil and gas were originated from the Triassic and Jurassic source rocks in the Kuqa depression. Abundant oil and gas sources in the Kuqa depression provide material foundation for the Paleogene oil and gas accumulation in the Tahe oil field. The Cretaceous and Paleogene have dipped toward the Kuqa Depression in the northern Tarim Basin, being affected by the collision of the India block in the Himalaya period. This provides the structural condition for oil and gas migration southward. Source rocks in the Kuqa depression reached high maturity during the sedimentary period of the late Kangcun to early Kuqa formations. The oil and gas generated from the Kuqa depression migrated to the Paleogene trap along the southern flank slope. The unconformity between Paleogene and Cretaceous in the Tabei area is an important channel of the long-distance lateral migration in the northern area. The migration distance could be over 100 km in straight line. The Paleogene mudstones in the Tabei area act as good regional cap rocks. A variety of elements cooperate with each other to form a long-distance oil and gas accumulation pattern of the Tahe oil field. As such, distribution of the Paleogene reservoirs in the Tahe area was explained reasonably by the hydrocarbon accumulation model in this work. This enhances the understanding of the petroleum migration and accumulation laws in the region, and will be helpful to extend the exploration of Cenozoic clastic rocks in the Tabei area.
引文
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