收入结构、城乡差异与居民幸福感——基于中国家庭金融调查数据的实证检验
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摘要
本文基于CHFS数据,系统地研究了收入与幸福感之间的异质性影响关系及其结构效应,实证发现:收入结构与居民幸福感之间存在着倒"U"型关系;从绝对收入结构效应来说:经营性收入、转移性收入以及财产性收入对于居民幸福感的促进作用更为显著;从相对收入结构效应来说:转移性收入在提升居民幸福感中的作用最为显著;从城乡异质性来说:相比城镇而言,农户更关注绝对收入结构效应。进一步研究发现,农村居民的进城务工收入比重与幸福感存在着正"U"型效应。以上研究表明,提升居民的幸福感应该从收入水平与收入结构两个层面入手,应该坚持以人为本,营造公平正义的环境,完善户籍制度改革,打破幸福感的正"U"型底洞。
Based on the CHFS data, this paper systematically studies the heterogeneous influence relationship between income and happiness and its structural effects. It is empirically found that there is an inverted "U" relationship between income structure and residents' happiness; from absolute income structure effect: operating income, transfer income and property income promote the residents' sense of wellbeing; from the relative income structure effect: the transfer income has the most significant role in improving residents' happiness; In terms of heterogeneity: Compared with urban areas, farmers are more concerned about the absolute income structure effect. Further research found that there is a positive "U" effect of rural residents' income and happiness in urban employment. The above research shows that to improve residents' happiness, we should start from the two levels of income level and income structure. We should adhere to the people-oriented, create a fair and just environment, improve the household registration system reform, and break the positive "U" type bottom hole of happiness.
Based on the CHFS data, this paper systematically studies the heterogeneous influence relationship between income and happiness and its structural effects. It is empirically found that there is an inverted "U" relationship between income structure and residents' happiness; from absolute income structure effect: operating income, transfer income and property income promote the residents' sense of wellbeing; from the relative income structure effect: the transfer income has the most significant role in improving residents' happiness; In terms of heterogeneity: Compared with urban areas, farmers are more concerned about the absolute income structure effect. Further research found that there is a positive "U" effect of rural residents' income and happiness in urban employment. The above research shows that to improve residents' happiness, we should start from the two levels of income level and income structure. We should adhere to the people-oriented, create a fair and just environment, improve the household registration system reform, and break the positive "U" type bottom hole of happiness.
引文
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[19]黄乾,周兴.城镇职工与农村进城务工人员收入差距的变迁及其影响因素[J].人口研究,2015,39(1):29-49.
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[24]鲁元平,杨灿明.财政分权、地方政府支出偏好与居民幸福感-基于分税制后的中国经验证据[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(4):3-12,20.
[25]罗楚亮.城乡分割、就业状况与主观幸福感差异[J].经济学,2006,5(3):817-840.
[26]王岩,杨沫.居民收入与主观幸福感:影响机理与实证研究[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015,33(1):13-21.
[27]晏小华,刘振亮,王祥坤,沐守宽.幸福悖论及其最新解释[J].心理科学进展,2018(1):180-189.
[28]阳义南,章上峰.收入不公平感、社会保险与中国国民幸福[J].金融研究,2016(8),34-50.
[29]于潇,Ho P.非农业户籍会使人更幸福吗[J].统计研究,2016,33(10):67-74.
[30]张邦科,邓胜梁,陶建平.持久收入假说与我国城镇居民消费-基于省级面板数据的实证分析[J].财经科学,2011(5):56-62.
[31]张慧芳,朱雅玲.居民收入结构与消费结构关系演化的差异研究-基于AIDS扩展模型[J].经济理论与经济管理,2017,36(12):23-35.
[32]张琳.我国中老年人健康需求实证研究-基于性别和城乡的分析[J].财经问题研究,2012(11):100-105.
[33]张秋惠,刘金星.中国农村居民收入结构对其消费支出行为的影响-基于1997-2007年的面板数据分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(4):48-54.
[34]张学志,才国伟.收入、价值观与居民幸福感-来自广东成人调查数据的经验证据[J].管理世界,2011(9):63-73.
[35]周建,艾春荣,王丹枫,唐莹.中国农村消费与收入的结构效应[J].经济研究,2013(2):122-133.
[2]Kahneman D,Stone A.National Well-Being Accounts[J].American Economic Review,2004,94(2):429-434.
[3]Easterlin R A.Income and Happiness:Towards an Unified Theory[J].Economic Journal,2010,111(473):465-484.
[4]Easterlin R A.Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?Some Empirical Evidence[J].Nations&Households in Economic Growth,1974:89-125.
[5]Easterlin R A.Happiness and Economic Growth:The Evidence[M].Global Handbook of Quality of Life.Springer Netherlands,2015.
[6]Frey B S,Stutzer A.What can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?[J].Journal of Economic Literature,2002,40(2):402-435.
[7]Kenny C.Does Development Make You Happy?Subjective Wellbeing and Wconomic Growth in Developing Countres[J].Social Indicators Research,2005,73(2):199-219.
[8]Kingdon G,Knight J.Community,Comparisons and Subjective Well-being in a Divided Society[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2005,64(1):69-90.
[9]Lelkes O.Bernard van Praag,Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell:Happiness quantified.A satisfaction calculus approach,Oxford University Press:Oxford,2004[J].The Journal of Economic Inequality,2006,4(3):391-395.
[10]Ng Y K.Happiness Surveys:Some Comparability Issues and An Exploratory Survey Based on Just Perceivable Increments[J].Social Indicators Research,1996,38(1):1-27.
[11]Sacks D W,Stevenson B,Wolfers J.The new stylized facts about income and subjective well-being[J].Emotion,2012,12(6):1181-1187.
[12]Tella R D,Macculloch R J,Oswald A J.Preferences over Inflation and Unemployment:E v i d e n c e f r o m S u r v e y s o f H a p p i n e s s[J].A m e r i c a n E c o n o m i c Review,2001,91(1):335-341.
[13]Thaler R H.Mental Accounting and Consumer Choice[J].Marketing Science,1985,4(3):199-214.
[14]蔡锐帆,徐淑一,郭新雪,陈平.家庭资产配置与中国居民的幸福感-基于CHFS数据调查的研究[J].金融学季刊,2016(4):1-30.
[15]陈钊,徐彤,刘晓峰.户籍身份、示范效应与居民幸福感:来自上海和深圳社区的证据[J].世界经济,2012(4):79-101.
[16]陈刚,李树.管制、腐败与幸福-来自CGSS(2006)的经验证据[J].世界经济文汇,2013(4):37-58.
[17]韩海燕,何炼成.中国城镇居民收入结构与消费问题实证研究[J].消费经济,2010(3):8-12.
[18]黄嘉文.教育程度、收入水平与中国城市居民幸福感-一项基于CGSS2005的实证分[J].社会,2013,33(5):19-20.
[19]黄乾,周兴.城镇职工与农村进城务工人员收入差距的变迁及其影响因素[J].人口研究,2015,39(1):29-49.
[20]李江一,李涵,甘犁.家庭资产-负债与幸福感:“幸福-收入”之谜的一个解释[J].南开经济研究,2015(5):3-23.
[21]刘爱华,朱志胜.市民化身份转变的幸福增进效应[J].城市问题,2017(10):4-12.
[22]刘翠霄.进城务工人员的社会保障问题[J].法学研究,2005(2):109-125.
[23]鲁元平,王韬.收入不平等、社会犯罪与国民幸福感-来自中国的经验证据[J].经济学季刊,2011,10(4):1437-1458.
[24]鲁元平,杨灿明.财政分权、地方政府支出偏好与居民幸福感-基于分税制后的中国经验证据[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013(4):3-12,20.
[25]罗楚亮.城乡分割、就业状况与主观幸福感差异[J].经济学,2006,5(3):817-840.
[26]王岩,杨沫.居民收入与主观幸福感:影响机理与实证研究[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015,33(1):13-21.
[27]晏小华,刘振亮,王祥坤,沐守宽.幸福悖论及其最新解释[J].心理科学进展,2018(1):180-189.
[28]阳义南,章上峰.收入不公平感、社会保险与中国国民幸福[J].金融研究,2016(8),34-50.
[29]于潇,Ho P.非农业户籍会使人更幸福吗[J].统计研究,2016,33(10):67-74.
[30]张邦科,邓胜梁,陶建平.持久收入假说与我国城镇居民消费-基于省级面板数据的实证分析[J].财经科学,2011(5):56-62.
[31]张慧芳,朱雅玲.居民收入结构与消费结构关系演化的差异研究-基于AIDS扩展模型[J].经济理论与经济管理,2017,36(12):23-35.
[32]张琳.我国中老年人健康需求实证研究-基于性别和城乡的分析[J].财经问题研究,2012(11):100-105.
[33]张秋惠,刘金星.中国农村居民收入结构对其消费支出行为的影响-基于1997-2007年的面板数据分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(4):48-54.
[34]张学志,才国伟.收入、价值观与居民幸福感-来自广东成人调查数据的经验证据[J].管理世界,2011(9):63-73.
[35]周建,艾春荣,王丹枫,唐莹.中国农村消费与收入的结构效应[J].经济研究,2013(2):122-133.