干旱荒漠区不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素分析
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摘要
为了研究干旱荒漠区不同演替阶段白刺土壤呼吸特征,探讨土壤呼吸对环境因子变化的响应,采用自动土壤二氧化碳通量监测系统,测定了不同演替阶段(雏形、稳定、发育、衰退)白刺灌丛沙堆的土壤呼吸速率,同步测定了土壤温度、水分等指标,分析了环境因子与土壤呼吸之间的关系。结果表明:1)不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤呼吸变化呈"单峰曲线"。土壤呼吸速率均值按大小顺序排列为稳定阶段>雏形阶段>发育阶段>衰退阶段;2)4种演替阶段土壤呼吸速率与10cm处土壤温度之间有一定的相关关系,对白刺灌丛沙堆土壤温度可以解释雏形70.16%、发育82.67%、稳定87.81%、衰退88.73%的土壤呼吸变化;3)随着水分的增加,土壤呼吸速率也相应的增大,当土壤水分达到最高时,水分的限制作用减小,水分增加对土壤呼吸的促进作用减弱;4)各发育阶段不同坡位土壤呼吸日变化动态存在差异,但平均值都表现为迎风坡中部>迎风坡底部>迎风坡顶部>背风坡中部>背风坡底部。对不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤呼吸及其影响因素的研究有助于认识区域生态过程和全球气候变化。
In order to study the soil respiration of Nitraria tangutorum at different succession stages(the initial,stable,developmental and degradation stages)as well as the response of soil respiration to environmental factors,the automatic soil CO_2 flux monitoring system(Li-8100,LI-C0 RInc.,Lincoln,NE,USA)was used to determine the soil respiration rate.Soil temperature and soil water were measured simultaneously.The correlations between environment factors and soil respiration rate were analyzed.The result showed that:1)the variation of soil respiration presented a single-peak curve.The soil respiration rate was ranked from high to low as:stable stage>initial stage>developmental stage>degradation stage;2)The soil respiration rate at different stages was correlated with soil temperature at the depth of 10 cm.The soil respiration rates in initial,stable,developmental and degradation stages were 70.16%,87.81%,82.67%,and 88.73%,respectively;3)With the increase of soil water,soil respiration increased.When soil water reached the maximum value,the limitation function of soil water reduced,the impact of soil water increaseon soil respiration reduced;4)The daily variation of soil respiration at different slope positions were different.The mean values was in the order of the middle of windward slope> base of windward slope>top of windward slope> middle of leeward slope>the base of leeward slope.
In order to study the soil respiration of Nitraria tangutorum at different succession stages(the initial,stable,developmental and degradation stages)as well as the response of soil respiration to environmental factors,the automatic soil CO_2 flux monitoring system(Li-8100,LI-C0 RInc.,Lincoln,NE,USA)was used to determine the soil respiration rate.Soil temperature and soil water were measured simultaneously.The correlations between environment factors and soil respiration rate were analyzed.The result showed that:1)the variation of soil respiration presented a single-peak curve.The soil respiration rate was ranked from high to low as:stable stage>initial stage>developmental stage>degradation stage;2)The soil respiration rate at different stages was correlated with soil temperature at the depth of 10 cm.The soil respiration rates in initial,stable,developmental and degradation stages were 70.16%,87.81%,82.67%,and 88.73%,respectively;3)With the increase of soil water,soil respiration increased.When soil water reached the maximum value,the limitation function of soil water reduced,the impact of soil water increaseon soil respiration reduced;4)The daily variation of soil respiration at different slope positions were different.The mean values was in the order of the middle of windward slope> base of windward slope>top of windward slope> middle of leeward slope>the base of leeward slope.
引文
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[5]王红,王邵军,李霁航,等.森林土壤呼吸及其主要调控因素研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):92-97.WANG H,WANG S J,LI J H,et al.Characteristics and the influencing factors of forest soil respiration:a rview[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):92-97.(in Chinese)
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[8]王邵军,王红,李霁航.土壤温度与水分对昆明城市绿地土壤呼吸时间动态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):306-310WANG S J,WANG H,LI J H.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on the temporal variations of soil respiration under forest and lawn in Kunming[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(5):306-310.(in Chinese)
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[15]CHEN S,LIN G,HUANG J,et al.Dependence of carbon sequestration on the differential responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to rain pulses in a semiarid steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15,2450-2461.
[16]COLLINS S L,SINSABAUGH R L,CRENSHAW C,et al.Pulse dynamics and microbial processes in aridland ecosystems[J].Journal of Ecology,2008,96:413-420.
[17]SCHWINNING S,STARR B I,EHLERINGER J R.Dominant cold desert plants do not partition warm seasonprecipitation by event size[J].Oecologia,2003,136,252-260.
[18]STEENWERTH K L,PIERCE D L,CARLISLE E A,et al.A vineyard agroecosystem:disturbance and precipitation affect soil respiration under mediterranean conditions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2010,74:231-239.
[19]MO J M,ZHANG W,ZHU W X,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respi rationin amaturetr opicalforest in Southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[20]PENG Y,THOMAS S C.Influence of non-nitrogenous soil amendments on soil CO2efflux and fine root production in an naturated Northern hardwood forest[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1 145-1 156.
[21]涂利华,戴洪忠,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区撑绿杂交竹林土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011(4):829-836.TU L H,DAI H Z,HU T X,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in a Bambusa pervariabilis×Dendrocala mopsi plantation in rainy area of West China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011(4):829-836.(in Chinese)
[22]涂利华,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].植物生态学报,2009(4):728-738.TU L H,HU T X,HUANG L H,et al.Response of soil respirati on to simulated nitrogen deposi-tion in Pleioblastus amarus forest rainy arra of West China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009(4):728-738.(in Chinese)
[23]杨晶,黄建辉,詹学明,等.农牧交错区不同植物群落土壤呼吸的日动态观测与方法比较[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):318-325.YANG J,HUANG J H,ZHAN X M,et al.The diurnal dynamic patterns of soil respiration for different plant communities in the agro-pastoral ecotone with reference to different measuring methods[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2004,28(3):318-325.(in Chinese)
[24]黄湘,李卫红,陈亚宁,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林群落土壤呼吸及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1951-1959.HUANG X,LI W H,CHEN Y N,et al.Soil respiration of desert riparian forests in the lower reaches of Tarim river as affected by air temperature at 10cm above the ground surface and soil water[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1951-1959.(in Chinese)
[2]CANADELL J G,QUERE C L,RAUPACH M R,et al.Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity,carbon intensity,and efficiency of natural sinks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,2007,104(47):18866-18870.
[3]HOUGHTON R A.Balancing the Global carbon budget[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2007,35(1):313-347.
[4]RAICH J W,SCHLESINGER W H.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate[J].Tellus,1992,44(2):81-99.
[5]王红,王邵军,李霁航,等.森林土壤呼吸及其主要调控因素研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):92-97.WANG H,WANG S J,LI J H,et al.Characteristics and the influencing factors of forest soil respiration:a rview[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):92-97.(in Chinese)
[6]韩广轩,周广胜.土壤呼吸作用时空动态变化及其影响机制研究与展望[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):197-205.HAN G X,ZHOU G S.Review of spatial and temporal variations of soil respire-tion and driving mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(1):197-205.(in Chinese)
[7]KUZYAKOV Y.Sources of CO2efflux from soil and review of partitioning methods[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(3):425-448.
[8]王邵军,王红,李霁航.土壤温度与水分对昆明城市绿地土壤呼吸时间动态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):306-310WANG S J,WANG H,LI J H.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on the temporal variations of soil respiration under forest and lawn in Kunming[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(5):306-310.(in Chinese)
[9]KNAPP A K,CONARD S L,BLMR J M.Determinants of soil CO2flux from asub-humid grassland:effectoffire and fire history[J].Ecological Applications,1998,8(3):760-770.
[10]靳虎甲,马全林,张有佳,等.石羊河下游白刺灌丛演替发育过程的土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):140-147.JIN H J,MA Q L,ZHANG Y J,et al.Soil respiration of nitraria tangutorum nebkhas at different evolvement stages in lower reaches of Shiyang river and its in fluencing factors[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(1):140-147.(in Chinese)
[11]SONG W,CHEN S,WU B,et al.Vegetation cover and rain timing co-regulate the responses of soil CO2efflux to rain increase in an arid desert ecosystem[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,49:114-123.
[12]贾子毅.干旱区白刺荒漠生态系统土壤呼吸对增雨的响应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.
[13]徐先英,严平,郭树江,等.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141-145.XU X Y,YAN P,GUO S J,et al.The interception loss of rainfall by three sand-fixing shrubs at the fringe of Minqin oasis[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(1):141-145.(in Chinese)
[14]DU J H,YAN P,E Y H.Distribution patterns and characteristics ofN itrariatangutorun nebkha at its different evolvement stages in the Minqin County of Gansu Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(8):1165-1170
[15]CHEN S,LIN G,HUANG J,et al.Dependence of carbon sequestration on the differential responses of ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration to rain pulses in a semiarid steppe[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15,2450-2461.
[16]COLLINS S L,SINSABAUGH R L,CRENSHAW C,et al.Pulse dynamics and microbial processes in aridland ecosystems[J].Journal of Ecology,2008,96:413-420.
[17]SCHWINNING S,STARR B I,EHLERINGER J R.Dominant cold desert plants do not partition warm seasonprecipitation by event size[J].Oecologia,2003,136,252-260.
[18]STEENWERTH K L,PIERCE D L,CARLISLE E A,et al.A vineyard agroecosystem:disturbance and precipitation affect soil respiration under mediterranean conditions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2010,74:231-239.
[19]MO J M,ZHANG W,ZHU W X,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respi rationin amaturetr opicalforest in Southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(2):403-412.
[20]PENG Y,THOMAS S C.Influence of non-nitrogenous soil amendments on soil CO2efflux and fine root production in an naturated Northern hardwood forest[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1 145-1 156.
[21]涂利华,戴洪忠,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区撑绿杂交竹林土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011(4):829-836.TU L H,DAI H Z,HU T X,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in a Bambusa pervariabilis×Dendrocala mopsi plantation in rainy area of West China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011(4):829-836.(in Chinese)
[22]涂利华,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].植物生态学报,2009(4):728-738.TU L H,HU T X,HUANG L H,et al.Response of soil respirati on to simulated nitrogen deposi-tion in Pleioblastus amarus forest rainy arra of West China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009(4):728-738.(in Chinese)
[23]杨晶,黄建辉,詹学明,等.农牧交错区不同植物群落土壤呼吸的日动态观测与方法比较[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):318-325.YANG J,HUANG J H,ZHAN X M,et al.The diurnal dynamic patterns of soil respiration for different plant communities in the agro-pastoral ecotone with reference to different measuring methods[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2004,28(3):318-325.(in Chinese)
[24]黄湘,李卫红,陈亚宁,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林群落土壤呼吸及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1951-1959.HUANG X,LI W H,CHEN Y N,et al.Soil respiration of desert riparian forests in the lower reaches of Tarim river as affected by air temperature at 10cm above the ground surface and soil water[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1951-1959.(in Chinese)