典型土地利用方式下土壤重金属污染物分布特征与源解析——以成都平原干溪河流域为例
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摘要
基于成都平原干溪河流域不同土地利用分区。通过Pearson相关系数分析、内梅罗指数、主成分和聚类分析,探究土壤重金属含量、空间分布、来源及环境风险。结果表明:1)流域表层土壤重金属Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe均超过土壤背景值,农耕区Cd含量为GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准(0.3 mg/kg)1.4倍;农耕区土壤Pb含量(62.56 mg/kg)显著高于工业区(32.25 mg/kg);2)农耕区环境风险相对较高,呈总体轻污染、局部中污染状况;3)全区主成分可分为4种:Fe、Mn、Ti等来源于自然母质,其贡献率为34.9%～37%,其他污染源依次为工业、交通及铅蓄电池迹地或历史手工作坊;4)聚类后,按样点数量划分为32、38、11和2四类,分别受工业及交通、农业面源、交通和背景环境影响。
This paper was based on different land use zonings in the Ganxi River Basin of Chengdu Plain. Pearson correlation, Nemerow index, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to explore the contents, spatial distribution, sources and environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The results showed that: 1) The heavy metals Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Ni and Fe in surface soil all exceeded the soil background values, and the Cd content in the farming area was 1.4 times that of the GB II Standard(0.3 mg/kg); the soil Pb content(62.56 mg/kg) in farming area was significantly higher than that in industrial area(32.25 mg/kg); 2) the environmental risk in farming areas was relatively high, showing overall light pollution and partially moderate pollution; 3) there were four principal components in the whole region, including Fe, Mn and Ti, etc. were derived from natural parent materials and their contribution rates were between 34.9% and 37%, while the other sources of pollution were respectively industrial, transport and lead storage battery slashes or historical manual workshops; 4) after clustering, the samples were divided into four categories: 32, 38, 11 and 2, which were affected by industrial and transportation, agricultural area source, transportation and background environment, respectively.
This paper was based on different land use zonings in the Ganxi River Basin of Chengdu Plain. Pearson correlation, Nemerow index, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to explore the contents, spatial distribution, sources and environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The results showed that: 1) The heavy metals Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Ni and Fe in surface soil all exceeded the soil background values, and the Cd content in the farming area was 1.4 times that of the GB II Standard(0.3 mg/kg); the soil Pb content(62.56 mg/kg) in farming area was significantly higher than that in industrial area(32.25 mg/kg); 2) the environmental risk in farming areas was relatively high, showing overall light pollution and partially moderate pollution; 3) there were four principal components in the whole region, including Fe, Mn and Ti, etc. were derived from natural parent materials and their contribution rates were between 34.9% and 37%, while the other sources of pollution were respectively industrial, transport and lead storage battery slashes or historical manual workshops; 4) after clustering, the samples were divided into four categories: 32, 38, 11 and 2, which were affected by industrial and transportation, agricultural area source, transportation and background environment, respectively.
引文
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[12] 王豹, 余建新, 黄标, 等. 便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速监测重金属土壤环境质量[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(6): 1735-1740.
[13] 李姗姗, 曹广超, 石平超, 等. 青岛城区土壤重金属元素空间分布及其现状评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(1): 112-117.
[14] 周艳, 陈樯, 邓绍坡, 等. 西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(6): 2884-2892.
[15] 陶红群,郭欣,王亚婷,等. 典型铅蓄电池场地土壤铅分布特征及生态风险[J]. 环境科学与技术,2017,40(增刊):143-148.
[16] 陶红群,王亚婷,郭欣,等. 典型铅蓄电池场地土壤污染识别与调查研究[J]. 环境监测管理与技术,2018,30(4):27-31.
[2] 孙慧, 毕如田, 郭颖, 等. 广东省土壤重金属溯源及污染源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(2): 704-714.
[3] 赵曦, 黄艺, 李娟, 等. 大型垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤重金属含量水平、空间分布、来源及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015(6): 1013-1021.
[4] 刘春早, 黄益宗, 雷鸣, 等. 湘江流域土壤重金属污染及其生态环境风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(1):260-265.
[5] 裴廷权, 王里奥, 包亮, 等. 三峡库区小江流域土壤重金属的分布特征与评价分析[J]. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(1): 206-211.
[6] 刘凤, 李梅, 张荣飞, 等. 拉萨河流域重金属污染及健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(5): 580-585.
[7] 陈勤, 沈羽, 方炎明, 等. 紫湖溪流域重金属污染风险与植物富集特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(14): 198-205.
[8] 张延君, 郑玫, 蔡靖, 等. PM (2.5)源解析方法的比较与评述[J]. 科学通报, 2015(2):109-121.
[9] Huang, Liang-Mei, Deng, et al. Multivariate statistical approach to identify heavy metal sources in agricultural soil around an abandoned Pb-Zn mine in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 68(5):1331-1348.
[10] 崔邢涛, 栾文楼, 宋泽峰, 等. 石家庄城市土壤重金属空间分布特征及源解析[J]. 中国地质, 2016, 43(2): 683-690.
[11] 李娇, 吴劲, 蒋进元, 等. 近十年土壤污染物源解析研究综述[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(1): 232-242.
[12] 王豹, 余建新, 黄标, 等. 便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速监测重金属土壤环境质量[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(6): 1735-1740.
[13] 李姗姗, 曹广超, 石平超, 等. 青岛城区土壤重金属元素空间分布及其现状评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(1): 112-117.
[14] 周艳, 陈樯, 邓绍坡, 等. 西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(6): 2884-2892.
[15] 陶红群,郭欣,王亚婷,等. 典型铅蓄电池场地土壤铅分布特征及生态风险[J]. 环境科学与技术,2017,40(增刊):143-148.
[16] 陶红群,王亚婷,郭欣,等. 典型铅蓄电池场地土壤污染识别与调查研究[J]. 环境监测管理与技术,2018,30(4):27-31.