复合化学处理稻草饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响
|
摘要
本试验将饲粮精粗比设为30∶70,并将苜蓿与复合化学处理稻草以40∶60组合作为粗饲料,研究复合化学处理稻草饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取4月龄、平均体重为20.54 kg的健康无疾病的滩羊羯羊20只,随机分为5组,每组4只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0 g/(d·只)过瘤胃蛋氨酸,进行饲养试验,预试期15 d,正试期60 d。于试验第1天测定试验羊只的初始体重,记录试验期间每日采食量,饲养试验结束当天测定试验羊只的终末体重。屠宰试验于饲养试验结束后的第2天进行,试验羊屠宰后剥离胴体,现场测定羊肉理化指标,并采集肉样进行常规营养成分分析。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊总增重和平均日增重均无显著影响(P>0.05),但以试验Ⅲ组的总增重和平均日增重最高。各试验组的料重比均低于对照组(P>0.05),且以试验Ⅲ组的料重比最低。2)在屠宰性能方面,各组宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅲ组的净肉率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与其他试验组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)在羊肉理化指标方面,试验Ⅲ组羊肉滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05),熟肉率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),与其他各试验组无显著差异(P>0.05);各组羊肉剪切力无显著差异(P>0.05),但以试验Ⅲ组的剪切力最低。4)在羊肉常规营养成分方面,各试验组羊肉粗蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),水分与粗灰分含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸可在一定程度上提高舍饲滩羊的增重、胴体净肉率和肉品质,且当过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加量为4.5 g/(d·只)时效果最好。
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine(RPMet) on the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of house-feeding Tan sheep fed complex chemical treatment straw diets(diet forage-to-concentrate ratio was 70 ∶ 30,and the forage was composed of40% alfalfa and 60% complex chemical treatment straw).Twenty healthy Tan sheep(4-month-old,average body weight of 20.54 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 sheep in each group.The sheep in control group were fed a basal diet,while the sheep in trail groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diets added1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 g/d RPMet for every sheep,respectively.The preparation period was 15 days,and the formal experiment period was 60 days.Measured the initial weight at the first day and the final weight at the end day of experiment,besides,recorded daily intake during experiment.Slaughtering experiment was carried out on the second day after the end of feeding experiment.The carcasses of sheep were stripped off after slaughtering.Measured the physicochemical indexes of mutton,and collected the meat samples for common nutrition components analysis.The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group,diets supplemented with RPMet had no significant effect on average daily gain and total gain(P>0.05),but the trial groupⅢ had the highest average daily gain and total gain among all groups(P>0.05).The feed/gain of control group was lower than that of other groups,and trial group Ⅲ had the lowest feed/gain in all groups.2) For slaughter performance,there was no significant difference among the groups in live weight before slaughter,carcass weight and dressing percentage(P>0.05).The net meat percentage of trial group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),and it had no significant difference with other groups(P>0.05).3) For mutton physicochemical properties,the drip loss of trial group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05),and the cooked meat percentage was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among all trial groups(P>0.05).The shearing force of trial group Ⅲ was the lowest,and there was no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).4) For mutton common nutrition components,the content of crude protein in mutton for each trial group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),and the content of ether extract in mutton for each trial group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the contents of moisture and ash among all groups(P>0.05).Therefore,RPMet supplementation into complex chemical treatment straw diets can improve the gain,carcass net meat percentage and meat quality of house-feeding Tan sheep to some extents,and the addition of 4.5 g/(d·sheep) is the best.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine(RPMet) on the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of house-feeding Tan sheep fed complex chemical treatment straw diets(diet forage-to-concentrate ratio was 70 ∶ 30,and the forage was composed of40% alfalfa and 60% complex chemical treatment straw).Twenty healthy Tan sheep(4-month-old,average body weight of 20.54 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 sheep in each group.The sheep in control group were fed a basal diet,while the sheep in trail groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diets added1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 g/d RPMet for every sheep,respectively.The preparation period was 15 days,and the formal experiment period was 60 days.Measured the initial weight at the first day and the final weight at the end day of experiment,besides,recorded daily intake during experiment.Slaughtering experiment was carried out on the second day after the end of feeding experiment.The carcasses of sheep were stripped off after slaughtering.Measured the physicochemical indexes of mutton,and collected the meat samples for common nutrition components analysis.The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group,diets supplemented with RPMet had no significant effect on average daily gain and total gain(P>0.05),but the trial groupⅢ had the highest average daily gain and total gain among all groups(P>0.05).The feed/gain of control group was lower than that of other groups,and trial group Ⅲ had the lowest feed/gain in all groups.2) For slaughter performance,there was no significant difference among the groups in live weight before slaughter,carcass weight and dressing percentage(P>0.05).The net meat percentage of trial group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),and it had no significant difference with other groups(P>0.05).3) For mutton physicochemical properties,the drip loss of trial group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05),and the cooked meat percentage was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference among all trial groups(P>0.05).The shearing force of trial group Ⅲ was the lowest,and there was no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).4) For mutton common nutrition components,the content of crude protein in mutton for each trial group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),and the content of ether extract in mutton for each trial group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the contents of moisture and ash among all groups(P>0.05).Therefore,RPMet supplementation into complex chemical treatment straw diets can improve the gain,carcass net meat percentage and meat quality of house-feeding Tan sheep to some extents,and the addition of 4.5 g/(d·sheep) is the best.
引文
[1]ALI C S,SHARIF M,NISA M,et al.Supplementation of ruminally protected proteins and amino acids:feed consumption,digestion and performance of cattle and sheep[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2009,11(4):477-482.
[2]PACHECO-RIOS D,MCNABB W C,HILL J P,et al.The effects of methionine supplementation upon milk composition and production of forage-fed dairy cows[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1999,79(2):235-241.
[3]肖云武,朱冠群,鄢巨浪,等.应用醋酸和甲醛保护蛋白质原料对杂交牛育肥效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(2):16-17.
[4]孙燕勇,徐明,胡红莲.奶牛过瘤胃蛋白质的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2017,38(5):48-50.
[5]黄虎平,赵瑞峰,王聪,等.奶牛过瘤胃蛋白质调控技术研究[J].草食家畜,2008(2):30-32,37.
[6]向白菊,张健,黄德均,等.饲料中添加过瘤胃氨基酸对肉用牛生长性能的影响[J].南方农业,2014,8(25):58-60.
[7]褚永康,林英庭,陈俏俏.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物饲料中的应用[J].中国饲料,2012(6):36-39.
[8]董淑慧,周凌云,彭华,等.奶牛过瘤胃氨基酸营养研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(6):14-18.
[9]WATERMAN R C,LEST C A,BRYANT W D,et al.Supplemental methionine and urea for gestating beef cows consuming low quality forage diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):731-736.
[10]FRASER D L,RSKOV E R,WHITELAW F G,et al.Limiting amino acids in dairy cows given casein as the sole source of protein[J].Livestock Production Science,1991,28(3):235-252.
[11]TITGEMEYER E C,MERCHEN N R.Sulfur-containing amino acid requirement of rapidly growing steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(7):2075-2083.
[12]韩兆玉,周岩民,王根林,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛产奶量以及乳成分的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(5):26-27.
[13]张成喜,孙友德,刘锡武,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1759-1766.
[14]邹阿玲,孙国军,李明强,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2005(2):27-29.
[15]李雨蔚.宁夏地区常用农作物秸秆饲用化模式筛选[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2016.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[17]侯鹏霞.滩羊羔羊早期补饲以及不同体重阶段羊肉品质的研究[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[18]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists[S].15th ed.Arlington:Association of Analytical Chemists,1990.
[19]SOCHA M T,PUTNAM D E,GARTHWAITE B D,et al.Improving intestinal amino acid supply of preand postpartum dairy cows with rumen-protected methionine and lysine[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1113-1126.
[20]刘飞.泌乳奶牛RPMet和RPLys适宜添加量及Lys缺乏对泌乳山羊乳腺AA代谢影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东农业大学,2013.
[21]殷溪瀚.过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.
[22]LARA A,MENDOZA G D,LANDOIS L,et al.Milk production in Holstein cows supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine[J].Livestock Science,2006,105(1/2/3):105-108.
[23]王慧媛,张英杰,刘月琴,等.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对肉羊生产性能及营养物质消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2014,35(3):51-54.
[24]任建民,刘强,张延利.奶牛过瘤胃氨基酸营养研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(2):88-91.
[25]高岩,吴健豪,曲永利,等.饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸、过瘤胃赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛肉用生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2936-2942.
[26]陈松,冯月荣,曹淑萍.pH值对屠宰肉品质的影响[J].肉类工业,2009(6):21-23.
[27]李月娥,葛长荣.猪肉品质的评价及日粮蛋白质氨基酸对肉质的影响[J].云南畜牧兽医,2005(4):7-8.
[28]李晓蒙,李秋凤,曹玉凤,等.日粮能量和蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(19):38-43.
[2]PACHECO-RIOS D,MCNABB W C,HILL J P,et al.The effects of methionine supplementation upon milk composition and production of forage-fed dairy cows[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1999,79(2):235-241.
[3]肖云武,朱冠群,鄢巨浪,等.应用醋酸和甲醛保护蛋白质原料对杂交牛育肥效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(2):16-17.
[4]孙燕勇,徐明,胡红莲.奶牛过瘤胃蛋白质的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2017,38(5):48-50.
[5]黄虎平,赵瑞峰,王聪,等.奶牛过瘤胃蛋白质调控技术研究[J].草食家畜,2008(2):30-32,37.
[6]向白菊,张健,黄德均,等.饲料中添加过瘤胃氨基酸对肉用牛生长性能的影响[J].南方农业,2014,8(25):58-60.
[7]褚永康,林英庭,陈俏俏.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物饲料中的应用[J].中国饲料,2012(6):36-39.
[8]董淑慧,周凌云,彭华,等.奶牛过瘤胃氨基酸营养研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(6):14-18.
[9]WATERMAN R C,LEST C A,BRYANT W D,et al.Supplemental methionine and urea for gestating beef cows consuming low quality forage diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):731-736.
[10]FRASER D L,RSKOV E R,WHITELAW F G,et al.Limiting amino acids in dairy cows given casein as the sole source of protein[J].Livestock Production Science,1991,28(3):235-252.
[11]TITGEMEYER E C,MERCHEN N R.Sulfur-containing amino acid requirement of rapidly growing steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(7):2075-2083.
[12]韩兆玉,周岩民,王根林,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛产奶量以及乳成分的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(5):26-27.
[13]张成喜,孙友德,刘锡武,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1759-1766.
[14]邹阿玲,孙国军,李明强,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2005(2):27-29.
[15]李雨蔚.宁夏地区常用农作物秸秆饲用化模式筛选[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2016.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[17]侯鹏霞.滩羊羔羊早期补饲以及不同体重阶段羊肉品质的研究[D].硕士学位论文.银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[18]AOAC.Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists[S].15th ed.Arlington:Association of Analytical Chemists,1990.
[19]SOCHA M T,PUTNAM D E,GARTHWAITE B D,et al.Improving intestinal amino acid supply of preand postpartum dairy cows with rumen-protected methionine and lysine[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1113-1126.
[20]刘飞.泌乳奶牛RPMet和RPLys适宜添加量及Lys缺乏对泌乳山羊乳腺AA代谢影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东农业大学,2013.
[21]殷溪瀚.过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.
[22]LARA A,MENDOZA G D,LANDOIS L,et al.Milk production in Holstein cows supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine[J].Livestock Science,2006,105(1/2/3):105-108.
[23]王慧媛,张英杰,刘月琴,等.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对肉羊生产性能及营养物质消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2014,35(3):51-54.
[24]任建民,刘强,张延利.奶牛过瘤胃氨基酸营养研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(2):88-91.
[25]高岩,吴健豪,曲永利,等.饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸、过瘤胃赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛肉用生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2936-2942.
[26]陈松,冯月荣,曹淑萍.pH值对屠宰肉品质的影响[J].肉类工业,2009(6):21-23.
[27]李月娥,葛长荣.猪肉品质的评价及日粮蛋白质氨基酸对肉质的影响[J].云南畜牧兽医,2005(4):7-8.
[28]李晓蒙,李秋凤,曹玉凤,等.日粮能量和蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(19):38-43.