人工制氢及氢工业在我国“能源自主”中的战略地位
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摘要
全球正经历从化石能源向氢能等非化石能源过渡的第三次能源体系重大转换期。为给我国实现能源体系转型和"能源自主"战略目标提供参考,综述了国内外氢工业的发展现状和发展趋势,探讨了人工制氢、储氢技术的发展途径,明确了氢工业的战略地位。研究结果表明:(1)发展氢工业,是优化能源结构、保障国家能源安全的战略选择,在实现我国"能源自主"的战略中占有重要地位;(2)全球氢工业发展初具规模,人工制氢仍主要依靠化石资源,煤炭地下气化制氢符合我国的国情,具有较大的发展潜力;(3)与氢工业相结合的新能源,将是未来能源消费的主体;(4)电解水制氢将贯穿于氢工业发展的全过程;(5)安全、高效储运氢技术是氢能实用化的关键,液态储氢将是未来主要的储氢方式。结论和建议:(1)氢工业基础设施建设处于起步阶段,但发展迅速;(2)我国发展氢工业,近期应在煤炭地下气化制氢方面取得突破,初步形成产业链;(3)中期促使氢工业成为新的经济增长点和新能源战略的重要组成部分;(4)远期力推氢能成为我国能源生产与消费结构的重要组成部分,力争实现"氢能中国",依靠新能源等实现国家"能源自主"。
We are now experiencing the global third energy transition from fossil to non-fossil fuels such as hydrogen energy. In order to provide some reference for decision makers to strive for energy transformation and energy independence in China, we first overviewed the status and developing trend of hydrogen industry at home and abroad, then discussed the development ways of synthetic hydrogen production and storage technologies, and finally emphasized the strategic position of hydrogen industry. The following findings were achieved.(1) To develop the hydrogen industry is a strategic choice to optimize the energy structure and guarantee the national energy security, and will play an important role in achieving the goal of energy independence in China.(2) The global hydrogen industry has reached a certain scale, and fossil energy resources are still the main raw materials for hydrogen production; hydrogen made from in-situ coal gasification accords with the national condition of China, showing a great potential.(3) New energy sources integrated with hydrogen energy will be the main trend of future energy consumption.(4) Hydrogen production from electrolytic water will go through the whole process of hydrogen industry.(5) Safe and high-efficiency hydrogen storage is the key to the practical application of hydrogen energy and liquid hydrogen storage will be the dominated way in the future. On this basis, the following conclusions and proposals were put forward.(1) Although the infrastructure is still at the initial stage, the hydrogen industry is developing fast.(2) In the short run, breakthrough will be made in hydrogen production from the in-situ coal gasification and such hydrogen industry chain will be preliminarily formed.(3) In the middle run, hydrogen industry will be driven to be a new economic growth point and play an important role in new energy strategies.(4) In the long run, hydrogen energy will be such an important part in the energy mix that not only "Hydrogen China" but "Energy Independence of China" will be both achieved with the assistance of new energy sources.
We are now experiencing the global third energy transition from fossil to non-fossil fuels such as hydrogen energy. In order to provide some reference for decision makers to strive for energy transformation and energy independence in China, we first overviewed the status and developing trend of hydrogen industry at home and abroad, then discussed the development ways of synthetic hydrogen production and storage technologies, and finally emphasized the strategic position of hydrogen industry. The following findings were achieved.(1) To develop the hydrogen industry is a strategic choice to optimize the energy structure and guarantee the national energy security, and will play an important role in achieving the goal of energy independence in China.(2) The global hydrogen industry has reached a certain scale, and fossil energy resources are still the main raw materials for hydrogen production; hydrogen made from in-situ coal gasification accords with the national condition of China, showing a great potential.(3) New energy sources integrated with hydrogen energy will be the main trend of future energy consumption.(4) Hydrogen production from electrolytic water will go through the whole process of hydrogen industry.(5) Safe and high-efficiency hydrogen storage is the key to the practical application of hydrogen energy and liquid hydrogen storage will be the dominated way in the future. On this basis, the following conclusions and proposals were put forward.(1) Although the infrastructure is still at the initial stage, the hydrogen industry is developing fast.(2) In the short run, breakthrough will be made in hydrogen production from the in-situ coal gasification and such hydrogen industry chain will be preliminarily formed.(3) In the middle run, hydrogen industry will be driven to be a new economic growth point and play an important role in new energy strategies.(4) In the long run, hydrogen energy will be such an important part in the energy mix that not only "Hydrogen China" but "Energy Independence of China" will be both achieved with the assistance of new energy sources.
引文
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[13]智研咨询.2017-2022年中国工业氢气产业现状深度调研及市场发展前景预测报告[R].北京:智研咨询,2018.Intelligence Research Group.Report on the status investigation and market development prospect forecast of China's hydrogen industry 2017-2022[R].Beijing:Intelligence Research Group,2018.
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[2]中国标准化研究院,全国氢能标准化技术委员会.中国氢能产业基础设施发展蓝皮书(2016)[M].北京:中国质检出版社,中国标准出版社,2016.China National Institute of Standardization&National Hydrogen Energy Standardization Committee.Blue books for the infrastructure development of the hydrogen industry in China(2016)[M].Beijing:China Zhijian Publishing House&Standards Press of China,2016.
[3]邹才能.新时代能源革命与油公司转型战略[J].北京石油管理干部学院学报,2018,25(4):3-15.ZouCaineng.New era energy revolution and oil company transformation strategy[J].Journal of Beijing Petroleum Managers Training Institute,2018,25(4):3-15.
[4]邹才能,赵群,张国生,熊波.能源革命:从化石能源到新能源[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):1-10.Zou Caineng,Zhao Qun,Zhang Guosheng&Xiong Bo.Energy revolution:From a fossil energy era to a new energy era[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):1-10.
[5]王赓,郑津洋,蒋利军,陈健,韩武林,陈霖新.中国氢能发展的思考[J].科技导报,2017,35(22):105-110.Wang Geng,Zheng Jinyang,Jiang Lijun,Chen Jian,Han Wulin&Chen Linxin.The development of hydrogen energy in China[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(22):105-110.
[6]吴素芳.氢能与制氢技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2014.Wu Sufang.Hydrogen energy and hydrogen producing technologies[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2014.
[7]翟秀静,刘奎仁,韩庆.新能源技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2017.Zhai Xiujing,Liu Kuiren&Han Qing.New energy technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2017.
[8]陈硕翼,朱卫东,张丽,唐明生,李建福.氢能燃料电池技术发展现状与趋势[J].科技中国,2018(5):11-13.Chen Shuoyi,Zhu Weidong,Zhang Li,Tang Mingsheng&Li Jianfu.Development status and trend of the hydrogen fuel cell technology[J].Science and Technology in China,2018(5):11-13.
[9]伊文婧,梁琦,裴庆冰.氢能促进我国能源系统清洁低碳转型的应用及进展[J].环境保护,2018(2):30-34.Yi Wenjing,Liang Qi&Pei Qingbing.Enhance the hydrogen application in China's energy system to accelerate the energy transition:Status and progress[J].Environmental Protection,2018(2):30-34.
[10]曹湘洪.氢能开发与利用中的关键问题[J].石油炼制与化工,2017,48(9):1-6.Cao Xianghong.Key to development and application of hydrogen energy[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2017,48(9):1-6.
[11]毛宗强.氢能--我国未来的清洁能源[J].化工学报,2004,55(增刊1):296-302.Mao Zongqiang.Hydrogen--A future clean energy carrier in China[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2004,55(S1):296-302.
[12]毛宗强.世界氢能炙手可热中国氢能蓄势待发[J].太阳能,2016(7):16-19.Mao Zongqiang.Hydrogen energy is hot prospect in the world and ready for development in China[J].Solar Energy,2016(7):16-19.
[13]智研咨询.2017-2022年中国工业氢气产业现状深度调研及市场发展前景预测报告[R].北京:智研咨询,2018.Intelligence Research Group.Report on the status investigation and market development prospect forecast of China's hydrogen industry 2017-2022[R].Beijing:Intelligence Research Group,2018.
[14]穆点咨询.国内外氢能最新技术及市场发展趋势调研报告[R].北京:穆点市场咨询(北京)有限公司,2018.Mu Dian Consulting.Investigation report on the worldwide hydrogen energy newest technology and market development trend[R].Beijing:Mu Dian Consulting,2018.
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