四川盆地寒武纪龙王庙组沉积相演化及石油地质意义
|
摘要
近年来,四川盆地寒武纪龙王庙组勘探取得重大战略突破,颗粒滩相沉积是储层发育有利相带,寒武纪龙王庙组沉积演化及展布规律研究至关重要。应用层序地层研究思路分析龙王庙组时空沉积演化过程,明确了龙王庙组发育2期沉积旋回,龙王庙组下旋回沉积期盆地自西向东表现为缓坡沉积特征,颗粒滩受乐山-龙女寺古隆起控制,发育在川中地区。四川盆地龙王庙组上旋回沉积期表现为"两隆一凹"沉积格局,该时期川中地区颗粒滩大面积分布,川东地区逐步演化为台地边缘相带,发育颗粒滩白云岩,两者之间的重庆-泸州地区为低洼地貌特征,发育厚层膏岩澙湖沉积,该期龙王庙组沉积表现为碳酸盐岩台地沉积特征。文中建立了四川盆地龙王庙组沉积新模式,揭示了四川盆地寒武纪龙王庙组沉积期碳酸盐缓坡向台地演化的过程,指出重庆-泸州膏岩澙湖沉积造就川中、川东为2个独立滩相储层发育岩性区,川东地区龙王庙组台缘带滩相储层为龙王庙组油气勘探重要新领域。
A great exploration finding has been made in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin recently, which shows that beach facies deposits are favorable facies belts for reservoir development, so it is very important to study the sedimentary evolution and distribution of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation. The application of sequence stratigraphy to Longwangmiao Formation evolution of sedimentary process shows that the Longwangmiao Formation developed two sedimentary cycles. The lower cycle of Longwangmiao Formation from the west to the east has the sedimentary characteristics of slope shoal, and the beach facies developed in the central Sichuan Basin is controlled by the Leshan-Longnyusi paleouplift. The upper Longwangmiao Formation cycles, Sichuan Basin, shows two high concaves and one deposition pattern, the central Sichuan region is characterized by large overlap of shoal bodies, and eastern Sichuan Basin gradually evolved into the platform edge facies, where deposited grain shoal dolomite; Chongqing-Luzhou area has the low-lying geomorphic features, and distribution of thick gypsum rock lagoon sedimentary period of the Longwangmiao Formation shows characteristics of carbonate platform deposition. This article establishes a new sedimentary mode of Longwangmiao Formation, revealing the sedimentary process of Cambrian Group in the Sichuan Basin is the process of evolution from carbonate gentle slope to platform, and pointing out that the gypsum lagoon sedimentation creates two independent beach facies reservoirs in the central and eastern Sichuan Basin. The beach facies of platform margin belt of Longwangmiao Formation in the eastern Sichuan area turns out to be an important field for oil and gas exploration.
A great exploration finding has been made in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Sichuan Basin recently, which shows that beach facies deposits are favorable facies belts for reservoir development, so it is very important to study the sedimentary evolution and distribution of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation. The application of sequence stratigraphy to Longwangmiao Formation evolution of sedimentary process shows that the Longwangmiao Formation developed two sedimentary cycles. The lower cycle of Longwangmiao Formation from the west to the east has the sedimentary characteristics of slope shoal, and the beach facies developed in the central Sichuan Basin is controlled by the Leshan-Longnyusi paleouplift. The upper Longwangmiao Formation cycles, Sichuan Basin, shows two high concaves and one deposition pattern, the central Sichuan region is characterized by large overlap of shoal bodies, and eastern Sichuan Basin gradually evolved into the platform edge facies, where deposited grain shoal dolomite; Chongqing-Luzhou area has the low-lying geomorphic features, and distribution of thick gypsum rock lagoon sedimentary period of the Longwangmiao Formation shows characteristics of carbonate platform deposition. This article establishes a new sedimentary mode of Longwangmiao Formation, revealing the sedimentary process of Cambrian Group in the Sichuan Basin is the process of evolution from carbonate gentle slope to platform, and pointing out that the gypsum lagoon sedimentation creates two independent beach facies reservoirs in the central and eastern Sichuan Basin. The beach facies of platform margin belt of Longwangmiao Formation in the eastern Sichuan area turns out to be an important field for oil and gas exploration.
引文
[1]杜金虎,汪泽成,邹才能,等.古老碳酸盐岩大气田地质理论与勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2015:17-22.
[2]项礼文,朱兆玲,李善姬,等.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:31-35.
[3]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.
[4]曾允孚,郑荣才.湘西凤凰长坪清虚洞期碳酸盐重力流沉积及深水蒸发岩[J].成都地质学院学报,1984,11(4):13-22,94.
[5]郑荣才,曾允孚.湘西渔塘早寒武世生物礁沉积相特征[J].沉积学报,1998,6(2):61-68.
[6]杜金虎,张宝民,汪泽成,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组碳酸盐缓坡双颗粒滩沉积模式及储层成因[J].天然气工业,2016,36(6):1-10.
[7]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,等.乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-7.
[8]READ J F.碳酸盐岩台地相模式[J].金福锦,译.国外油气勘探,1995,7(2):131-154.
[9]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:66-68.
[10]曾允孚.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:78-80.
[11]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1984:112-114.
[12]SCHLAGER W.Carbonate sedimentology and sequence stratigra phy[M].Tulsa:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),2005:102-110.
[13]AHR W M.The carbonate ramp:an alternative to the shelf model[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1973,7(23):221-225.
[14]READ J F.Carbonate platforms of passive(extensional)continental margins:types,characteristics and evolution[J].Tectonophysics,1982,81(3/4):195-212.
[15]READ J F.Carbonate platform facies models[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(1):1-21.
[16]WILSON J L.Carbonate facies in geologic history[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1975:89-102.
[17]金丽娜,单新,王喆.北京西山中寒武统颗粒类型与水动力条件研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(1):11-20.
[18]范鸿,姬国锋,时志强,等.巨鲕成因探讨:来自上扬子地区下寒武统、中泥盆统及下三叠统的证据[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):16-24.
[19]张涛,马行陟,赵卫卫,等.磨溪-高石梯地区龙王庙组古油藏成藏特征[J].断块油气田,2017,24(4):466-470.
[2]项礼文,朱兆玲,李善姬,等.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:31-35.
[3]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.
[4]曾允孚,郑荣才.湘西凤凰长坪清虚洞期碳酸盐重力流沉积及深水蒸发岩[J].成都地质学院学报,1984,11(4):13-22,94.
[5]郑荣才,曾允孚.湘西渔塘早寒武世生物礁沉积相特征[J].沉积学报,1998,6(2):61-68.
[6]杜金虎,张宝民,汪泽成,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组碳酸盐缓坡双颗粒滩沉积模式及储层成因[J].天然气工业,2016,36(6):1-10.
[7]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,等.乐山—龙女寺古隆起震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-7.
[8]READ J F.碳酸盐岩台地相模式[J].金福锦,译.国外油气勘探,1995,7(2):131-154.
[9]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:66-68.
[10]曾允孚.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:78-80.
[11]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1984:112-114.
[12]SCHLAGER W.Carbonate sedimentology and sequence stratigra phy[M].Tulsa:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology),2005:102-110.
[13]AHR W M.The carbonate ramp:an alternative to the shelf model[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1973,7(23):221-225.
[14]READ J F.Carbonate platforms of passive(extensional)continental margins:types,characteristics and evolution[J].Tectonophysics,1982,81(3/4):195-212.
[15]READ J F.Carbonate platform facies models[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(1):1-21.
[16]WILSON J L.Carbonate facies in geologic history[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1975:89-102.
[17]金丽娜,单新,王喆.北京西山中寒武统颗粒类型与水动力条件研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(1):11-20.
[18]范鸿,姬国锋,时志强,等.巨鲕成因探讨:来自上扬子地区下寒武统、中泥盆统及下三叠统的证据[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):16-24.
[19]张涛,马行陟,赵卫卫,等.磨溪-高石梯地区龙王庙组古油藏成藏特征[J].断块油气田,2017,24(4):466-470.