呼伦贝尔草甸草原豆科植物非结构性碳水化合物含量动态
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摘要
非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates, NSC)对植物代谢、返青和再生等生命活动具有重要作用,其在植物体内的动态变化,可指导草地放牧、刈割及退化草地修复等草地管理实践。本研究于2015年7月–2016年9月以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原5种豆科植物[扁蓿豆(Mellissitus ruthenica)、斜茎黄芪(Astragalus adsurgens)、多叶棘豆(Oxytropis myriophylla)、山野豌豆(Vicia amoena)和狭叶野豌豆(V.sepium)]为研究对象,测定植物地上部、茎基部和根部的非结构性碳水化合物可溶性糖和还原糖含量,探讨年度、季节和物种对植物碳水化物合物的影响。结果显示,不同物种在不同年度间贮藏可溶性糖和还原糖含量差异较大,极度干旱条件下植物根部可溶性糖含量显著降低(P<0.05)。2016年4–9月,山野豌豆地上部可溶性糖和还原糖含量分别为1.01%～7.04%和0.54%～6.73%,高于其他植物;狭叶野豌豆茎基部可溶性糖和还原糖含量大于其他植物,分别为1.12%～10.06%和0.52%～2.69%;多叶棘豆根部可溶性糖含量和狭叶野豌豆根部还原糖含量高于其他植物,分别为1.68%～7.62%和0.46%～2.98%。植物增加根部的贮藏碳水化合物,可提高耐牧性,呼伦贝尔草甸草原放牧期应在6月底至9月初,干旱年份利用草地时,应采取降低载畜率、延迟放牧及提前休牧等管理措施,8月收获干草有利于草地的可持续利用。
Non-structural carbohydrates(NSC) play important roles in plant metabolism,regreening,and regrowth.The dynamic changes in NSC in perennial species are good indicators of grazed,mowed,and restored grassland.In this study,we examined the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in the shoots,stem bases,and roots of five legume species(Mellissitus ruthenica,Astragalus adsurgens,Oxytropis myriophylla,Vicia amoena,and V.sepium) in Hulunbeier meadow steppe from July 2015 to September 2016.The results showed that the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents differed in different species and years,with the soluble sugar content in the roots of the five legume species being significantly reduced during extreme drought conditions(P<0.05).From April through September in 2016,the maximal values of soluble sugars and reducing sugars in the shoots of V.amoena were 1.01%～7.04% and 0.54%～6.73%,respectively,whereas the contents of these sugars in the stem base were highest in V.sepium at 1.12%～10.06% and 0.52%～2.69%,respectively.Soluble sugar content in the roots of O.myriophylla and reducing sugar content in the roots of V.sepium were 1.68%～7.62% and0.46%～2.98%,respectively,which were higher than those in the other species.Increased storage carbohydrate in plant roots can improve the resistance to grazing.Commencement and termination of livestock grazing should be late June and early September,respectively,in the Hulunbeier meadow steppe.Suitable management practices include reducing stocking rate,deferring grazing,and discontinuing grazing earlier during drought years.In addition,to promote sustainable grassland utilization,hay production should take place in the middle of August.
Non-structural carbohydrates(NSC) play important roles in plant metabolism,regreening,and regrowth.The dynamic changes in NSC in perennial species are good indicators of grazed,mowed,and restored grassland.In this study,we examined the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in the shoots,stem bases,and roots of five legume species(Mellissitus ruthenica,Astragalus adsurgens,Oxytropis myriophylla,Vicia amoena,and V.sepium) in Hulunbeier meadow steppe from July 2015 to September 2016.The results showed that the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents differed in different species and years,with the soluble sugar content in the roots of the five legume species being significantly reduced during extreme drought conditions(P<0.05).From April through September in 2016,the maximal values of soluble sugars and reducing sugars in the shoots of V.amoena were 1.01%～7.04% and 0.54%～6.73%,respectively,whereas the contents of these sugars in the stem base were highest in V.sepium at 1.12%～10.06% and 0.52%～2.69%,respectively.Soluble sugar content in the roots of O.myriophylla and reducing sugar content in the roots of V.sepium were 1.68%～7.62% and0.46%～2.98%,respectively,which were higher than those in the other species.Increased storage carbohydrate in plant roots can improve the resistance to grazing.Commencement and termination of livestock grazing should be late June and early September,respectively,in the Hulunbeier meadow steppe.Suitable management practices include reducing stocking rate,deferring grazing,and discontinuing grazing earlier during drought years.In addition,to promote sustainable grassland utilization,hay production should take place in the middle of August.
引文
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[3]潘庆民,韩兴国,白永飞,杨景成.植物非结构性贮藏碳水化合物的生理生态学研究进展.植物学通报,2002,19(1):30-38.PAN Q M,HAN X G,BAI Y F,YANG J C.Advances in physiology and ecology studies on stored non-structure carbohydrates in plants.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2002,19(1):30-38.
[4]LI M H,XIAO W F,SHI P L,WANG S G,ZHONG Y D,LIU X L,WANG X D,,CAI X H,SHI Z M.Nitrogen and carbon source-sink relationships in trees at the Himalayan treelines compared with lower elevations.Plant Cell&Environment,2008,31(10):1377-1387.
[5]郭娟.刈割对高加索三叶草(Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.)生长的影响及地下器官贮藏营养动态研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2007.GUO J.Effect of mowing on the growth of caucasian clover(Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.)and the reserved carbohydrate dynamics of underground organ.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.
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[7]王雅梅.小麦非结构性碳水化合物累积分配和光合生理对水分胁迫的响应.兰州:甘肃农业大学博士学位论文,2014.WANG Y M.Wheat non-structure carbohydrates cumulative distribution and photosynthetic physiological response to water stress.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2014.
[8]HYDER D N,SNEVA F A.Studies of six grasses seeded on sagebrush-bunchgrass range.yield,palatability,carbohydrate accumulation,and developmental morphology.Corvallis:Corvallis Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University,1963.
[9]DONART G B.Carbohydrate reserves of six mountain range plants as related to growth.Journal of Range Management,1969,22(6):411-415.
[10]陶雅,孙启忠.不同紫花苜蓿品种可溶性糖、全氮、丙二醛含量动态变化及其与抗寒性关系研究.中国农业科技导报,2008(S1):56-60.TAO Y,SUN Q Z.Dynamic variation of soluble sugar,total nitrogen and malondialdehyde in different alfalfa varieties and their effect on alfalfa’s cold resistance.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(S1):56-60.
[11]张勇娟,赵军,安沙舟,侯钰荣.围栏封育对伊犁绢蒿非结构碳水化合物的影响.新疆农业科学,2010,47(6):1182-1188.ZHANG Y J,ZHAO J,AN S Z,HOU Y R.Effects of fenced enclosure on nonstructural carbohydrate of Seriphidium transiliense.Xingjiang Agricultural Sciences,2010,47(6):1182-1188.
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[13]陈宝瑞.呼伦贝尔草原多尺度植被空间格局及其对干扰的响应.北京:中国农业科学院博士学位论文,2010.CHEN B R.Study on multi-scale vegetation spatial patterns and its responses to different disturbances of Hulunbeier steppe.PhDThesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.
[14]许志信,巴图朝鲁,卫智军,段淳清,赵刚,昭和斯图.牧草再生与贮藏碳水化合物含量变化关系的研究.草业学报,1993,2(4):13-18.XU Z X,Batuchaolu,WEI Z J,DUAN C Q,ZHAO G,Zhaohesitu.Relationship between herbage regrowth and dynamics of carbohydrate storage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1993,2(4):13-18.
[15]许志信,巴图朝鲁,段淳清.草甸草原六种牧草贮藏养分含量变化规律的研究.中国草地,1993(6):22-25.XU Z X,BA T C L,DUAN C Q.A study on the changing patterns of carbohydrate reserves of six herbages on meadow grassland.Grassland of China,1993(6):22-25.
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.GAO J F.Plant Physiology Experiment Guidance.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[17]朱秉坚,尹本丰,张元明.不同微生境下齿肋赤藓(Syntrichia caninervis)非结构性碳水化合物含量的季节动态.中国沙漠,2017,37(2):268-275.ZHU B J,YIN B F,ZHANG Y M.Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates contents of Syntrichia caninervis among different microhabitats.Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(2):268-275.
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