黑水虻生物特性及其人工养殖的影响因素研究进展
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摘要
黑水虻是一种优良的公益昆虫,具有极佳的环境有机废弃物消纳和转化能力。黑水虻生长和繁殖速度快,转化成的动物蛋白具有较好的营养成分,可作为动物蛋白饲料的有益补充。具有环境友好、经济效益俱佳的特性。黑水虻还具有预蛹阶段自动远离食物源特性,从而为工厂化生产分离创造便利条件。加之黑水虻具有极强的抗菌能力,可以有效消除养殖场粪便臭味等功效,以及对传染性强的家蝇的拮抗能力等,使其可以作为大型畜牧养殖场循环农业的重要组成部分,也可以作为城市生活废弃物的有效处理媒介。因此具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。在阅读大量文献的基础上,从黑水虻的生物特性(包括生活史、消纳和转化能力、营养成分等)影响养殖的主要因素(温度、空气相对湿度、光照条件、饲料含水量等)、影响养殖的其他因素(拮抗性、共生微生物、抗逆性)等方面对黑水虻的研究概况进行了综述,以期为黑水虻养殖,特别是在北方地区开展的温室养殖提供技术参考。
The black solder fly Hermetia illucens is a beneficial insect with an efficient organic waste treatment and conversion capacity. The fly grows and reproduces quickly,and the transformed animal protein is of good nutrition and can serve as a useful addition to the animal feed due to its environmental benign and resource-saving properties. The black solder fly also has the feature of automatically mowing off the food source when the fly reaches the age of prepupa,thus creating favorable conditions for separating insect from food in the industry production process. In addition,the black solder fly has strong antibacterial ability to eliminate the odor of livestock farms and the ability to antagonize highly infectious house flies. Therefore,it can be used as an important part of circular agriculture in large-scale livestock farms,or as an effective treatment unit for urban living waste. It is of great research significance and application value.In this paper,on the basis of reading a large number of literature,the biological characteristics of black solder fly(including life history,the ability of disposal and transformation,nutrient content,and etc.),the main influencing factors(temperature,air relative humidity,light conditions,feed moisture content,and etc.),and the other influencing factors(antagonistic,symbiotic microbes,resistance) of black solder fly ' s research work were summarized,in order to provide the technical reference for the cultivation of black solder fly,especially the greenhouse cultivation in the northern region.
The black solder fly Hermetia illucens is a beneficial insect with an efficient organic waste treatment and conversion capacity. The fly grows and reproduces quickly,and the transformed animal protein is of good nutrition and can serve as a useful addition to the animal feed due to its environmental benign and resource-saving properties. The black solder fly also has the feature of automatically mowing off the food source when the fly reaches the age of prepupa,thus creating favorable conditions for separating insect from food in the industry production process. In addition,the black solder fly has strong antibacterial ability to eliminate the odor of livestock farms and the ability to antagonize highly infectious house flies. Therefore,it can be used as an important part of circular agriculture in large-scale livestock farms,or as an effective treatment unit for urban living waste. It is of great research significance and application value.In this paper,on the basis of reading a large number of literature,the biological characteristics of black solder fly(including life history,the ability of disposal and transformation,nutrient content,and etc.),the main influencing factors(temperature,air relative humidity,light conditions,feed moisture content,and etc.),and the other influencing factors(antagonistic,symbiotic microbes,resistance) of black solder fly ' s research work were summarized,in order to provide the technical reference for the cultivation of black solder fly,especially the greenhouse cultivation in the northern region.
引文
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[2] Sheppard D C. House fly and lesser house fly control utilizing the Black Soldier Fly in manure management systems for caged laying hens[J]. Environmental Entomology, 1983(12):1439-1442.
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[4] Liu Q,Tomberlin J K,Brady J A,et al. Black soldier fly(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)larvae reduce Escherichia coli in dairy manure[J]. Environmental Entomology,2008,37:1525-1530.
[5]杨再华,杨燕,魏濂蒙,等.中国水虻科名录[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2008:34.
[6] Yu G H,Cheng P,Chen Y H,et al. Inoculating poultry manure with companion bacteria influences growth and development of black soldier fly[J]. Environmental Entomology,2011,40(1):30-35.
[7] Sheppard D C,Newton G L,Thompson S A. A value added manure management system using the Black Soldier[J]. Bioresource Technol,1994(50):275-279.
[8] Sheppard D C,Tomberlin J K,Joyce J A,et al. Rearing methods for the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)[J]. The Journal of Medical Entomology,2002,39(4):695-698.
[9] Tomberlin J K,Sheppard D C. Selected life-history traits of black soldier flies(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)reared on three artificial diets[J]. Annual Entomology Society of America,2002,3(95):379-386.
[10] Tingle F C,Mitchell E R,Copeland W W. The black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,in poultry house in North Certral Florida[J]. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society,1975,10(2):179-183.
[11]郑龙玉.卵携带的微生物对亮斑扁角水虻产卵行为和生长发育的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012:19.
[12]郭凤达.亮斑扁角水虻生物学及其幼虫肠道细菌的研究[D].泰山:山东农业大学,2012:65.
[13] Newton G K,Sheppard D C,Thompson S A,et al. The soldier fly,a beneficial insect:house fly control,manure volume reduction and nutrient recycling:preceedings nuisance concerns in animal manure management:odors and flies conference[C]. Gainesville F L,University of Florida,1995.
[14] Newton G L,Sheppard D C,Watson D W. Using the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,as a value-added tool for the management of swine manure[J/OL].[2018-06-20]. http:∥www. p2pays. org/ref/37/36122. 2005.
[15]徐齐云,龙镜池,叶明强,等.黑水虻幼虫的发育速率及食物转化率研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(4):561-564.
[16]周芬.亮斑扁角水虻三个品系的生活周期及其对畜禽粪便转化效果的比较[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009:46.
[17]宋宇琨,何俊. 4种动物性蛋白质饲料的营养特性及其在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,31(1):1-10.
[18] Bondari K,Sheppard D C. Soldier fly larvae as feed in commercial fish production[J]. Aquaculture,1981,24:103-109.
[19] St-hilaire S,Cranfill K,Mc Guire M. Fish offal recycling by the black soldier fly produces a foodstuff high in omega-3 fatty acids[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2007,38(2):309-313.
[20]黄苓.不同光源对黑水虻生活史的影响及其对猪粪的转化[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:46.
[21]胡俊茹,何飞,莫文艳,等.采食不同有机废弃物黑水虻幼虫饲料价值分析[J].中国饲料,2017(15):24-27.
[22] Sealey W M,Gaylord G,Barrows T,et al. Sensory analysis of rainbow trout,oncorhynchus mykiss,fed inriched black soldier fly prepupae,Hermetia illucens[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2011,42:34-45.
[23]易昌金,胡俊茹,胡毅,等,凡纳滨对虾对黑水虻幼虫粉营养物质的表观消化率[J].饲料工业,2018,39(4):21-26.
[24]刘兴,孙学亮,李连星,等.黑水虻替代鱼粉对锦鲤生长和健康状况的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4):422-427.
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