玉米秸秆不同部位营养成分、体外消化率和有效能的比较
|
摘要
为了高效利用玉米秸秆各部位,采用近红外漫反射光谱法,以整株玉米秸秆作为对照,对玉米秸秆不同部位(茎髓、茎皮、苞叶和叶片)的营养成分,干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF) 30、48 h体外消化率、有效能和吨干物质产奶量等进行了测定。结果显示:粗脂肪、粗蛋白在叶片中含量最高,茎皮中最低;苞叶中的淀粉、总可消化养分和非纤维性碳水化合物含量最高;茎皮中的酸性洗涤纤维、木质素的含量最高,苞叶和叶片中含量较低;苞叶的DM (48 h)和NDF (30,48 h)的体外消化率最高,显著高于叶片、茎髓、整株秸秆、茎皮(P<0. 05);苞叶的有效能和吨干物质产奶量显著高于其叶片(P<0. 05),叶片显著高于茎髓、整株秸秆、茎皮(P<0. 05)。综合以上指标比较,玉米秸秆各部位的综合营养价值存在差异,从高到低的顺序为苞叶>叶片>茎髓>整株秸秆>茎皮。
In order to make full use of different fractions of corn stalks,the nutrient composition,in vitro digestibility and available energy of different fractions( stem-pith,stem-skin,husk,leaf blade) of corn stalks were determined by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that the contents of crude fat and crude protein were the highest in leave blade,and the lowest in stem skin. The contents of starch and total digestible nutrients were the highest in husk,and the contents of acid detergent fiber and acid lignin were the highest in stem-skin,but lower in husk and leaf blade. The in vitro digestibility of DM( 48 h) and the in vitro digestibility of NDF( 30,48h) were the highest in husk,significantly higher than those in leaf blade,stem-pith,whole-plant and stem-skin( P<0. 05). The available energy and milk yield in husk were significantly higher than those in leaf blade,and both significantly higher than in stem-pith,whole straw,and stem skin( P<0. 05). In conclusion,there were differences in comprehensive nutritional value of different fractions of corn stalk,which were ranked as follows: husk>leaf blade>stem-pith>whole-plant>stem-skin.
In order to make full use of different fractions of corn stalks,the nutrient composition,in vitro digestibility and available energy of different fractions( stem-pith,stem-skin,husk,leaf blade) of corn stalks were determined by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that the contents of crude fat and crude protein were the highest in leave blade,and the lowest in stem skin. The contents of starch and total digestible nutrients were the highest in husk,and the contents of acid detergent fiber and acid lignin were the highest in stem-skin,but lower in husk and leaf blade. The in vitro digestibility of DM( 48 h) and the in vitro digestibility of NDF( 30,48h) were the highest in husk,significantly higher than those in leaf blade,stem-pith,whole-plant and stem-skin( P<0. 05). The available energy and milk yield in husk were significantly higher than those in leaf blade,and both significantly higher than in stem-pith,whole straw,and stem skin( P<0. 05). In conclusion,there were differences in comprehensive nutritional value of different fractions of corn stalk,which were ranked as follows: husk>leaf blade>stem-pith>whole-plant>stem-skin.
引文
[1]刘建新,王炳,王迪铭,等.系统解析低值粗饲料饲喂奶牛的营养与代谢缺陷[J].饲料工业,2017,38(11):1-8.
[2]冯文晓,陶莲,王玉荣,等.菌制剂和酶制剂处理小麦秸秆对肉用绵羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1666-1672.
[3] Berchem T,Roiseux O,Vanderghem C,et al. Corn stover as feedstock for the production of ethanol:chemical composition of different anatomical fractions and varieties[J]. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref,2017,11:430-440.
[4] Zhang Y N,Ghaly A E,Li B X. Physical properties of corn residues[J]. Am J Biochem Biotechnol,2012,8(2),44-53.
[5] Li H Y,Xu L,Liu W J,et al. Assessment of the nutritive value of whole corn stover and its morphological fractions[J]. Asian Australas J Anim Sci,2014,27(2):194-200.
[6]周涛,杨钦兰,张统雨,等.皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):320-326.
[7]闫贵龙,曹春梅,鲁琳,等.玉米秸秆不同部位主要化学成分和活体外消化率比较[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(3):70-74.
[8]白琪林,陈绍江,董晓玲,等.近红外漫反射光谱法测定玉米秸秆体外干物质消化率[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(2):271-274.
[9]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[10] Undersander D J,Howard W T,Shaver R D. Milk per acre spreadsheet for combining yield and quality into a single term[J]. Prod Ag,1993,6:231-235.
[11]刑廷铣.农作物秸秆营养价值及其利用[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1995:20-25,51-57.
[12]杨福有,李彩凤,许彩萍,等.玉米植株营养含量及变化规律研究[J].西北农业学报,1997,6(4):88-90.
[13]陈喜斌.饲料学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[14] Vadiveloo J. Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2000,83(1):57-65.
[15] Oba M,Allen M S. Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage:Effects on dry matter intake and milkyield Dairy Cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 1999, 82(3):589-596.
[16] Oba M,Allen M. In vitro digestibility of forages[C]. Proceedings of Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Columbus:Ohio State University,2005:81-91.
[17] Adesogan A T,Owen E,Givens D I. Prediction of the in vivo digestibility of whole crop wheat from in vitro digestibility,chemical composition,in situ rumen degradability,in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,1998,74:(3):259-272.
[18] Owens F N,Sapienza D A,Hassen A T. Effect of nutrient composition of feeds on digestibility of organic matter by cattle:a review[J]. J Anim Sci,2010,88(13 Suppl):151-169.
[19] Nousiainen J,Rinne M,Hellmki M,et al. Prediction of the digestibility of primary growth and regrowth grass silages from chemical composition,pepsin-cellulase solubility and indigestible cell wall content[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2003,110(1):61-74.
[20] Ammar H,López S,González J S,et al. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some spanish leguminous shrub species[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2004,115:327-340.
[21] Kendall G,Leonardi C,Hoffman P C,et al. Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral fiber digestibility[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2009, 92(1):313-323.
[2]冯文晓,陶莲,王玉荣,等.菌制剂和酶制剂处理小麦秸秆对肉用绵羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1666-1672.
[3] Berchem T,Roiseux O,Vanderghem C,et al. Corn stover as feedstock for the production of ethanol:chemical composition of different anatomical fractions and varieties[J]. Biofuels Bioprod Bioref,2017,11:430-440.
[4] Zhang Y N,Ghaly A E,Li B X. Physical properties of corn residues[J]. Am J Biochem Biotechnol,2012,8(2),44-53.
[5] Li H Y,Xu L,Liu W J,et al. Assessment of the nutritive value of whole corn stover and its morphological fractions[J]. Asian Australas J Anim Sci,2014,27(2):194-200.
[6]周涛,杨钦兰,张统雨,等.皮瓤分离玉米秸不同部分的化学成分、能量价值和瘤胃降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):320-326.
[7]闫贵龙,曹春梅,鲁琳,等.玉米秸秆不同部位主要化学成分和活体外消化率比较[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(3):70-74.
[8]白琪林,陈绍江,董晓玲,等.近红外漫反射光谱法测定玉米秸秆体外干物质消化率[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(2):271-274.
[9]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[10] Undersander D J,Howard W T,Shaver R D. Milk per acre spreadsheet for combining yield and quality into a single term[J]. Prod Ag,1993,6:231-235.
[11]刑廷铣.农作物秸秆营养价值及其利用[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1995:20-25,51-57.
[12]杨福有,李彩凤,许彩萍,等.玉米植株营养含量及变化规律研究[J].西北农业学报,1997,6(4):88-90.
[13]陈喜斌.饲料学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[14] Vadiveloo J. Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2000,83(1):57-65.
[15] Oba M,Allen M S. Evaluation of the importance of the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber from forage:Effects on dry matter intake and milkyield Dairy Cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 1999, 82(3):589-596.
[16] Oba M,Allen M. In vitro digestibility of forages[C]. Proceedings of Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Columbus:Ohio State University,2005:81-91.
[17] Adesogan A T,Owen E,Givens D I. Prediction of the in vivo digestibility of whole crop wheat from in vitro digestibility,chemical composition,in situ rumen degradability,in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,1998,74:(3):259-272.
[18] Owens F N,Sapienza D A,Hassen A T. Effect of nutrient composition of feeds on digestibility of organic matter by cattle:a review[J]. J Anim Sci,2010,88(13 Suppl):151-169.
[19] Nousiainen J,Rinne M,Hellmki M,et al. Prediction of the digestibility of primary growth and regrowth grass silages from chemical composition,pepsin-cellulase solubility and indigestible cell wall content[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2003,110(1):61-74.
[20] Ammar H,López S,González J S,et al. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some spanish leguminous shrub species[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol,2004,115:327-340.
[21] Kendall G,Leonardi C,Hoffman P C,et al. Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral fiber digestibility[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2009, 92(1):313-323.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |