宝华玉兰生存群落的自组织特征映射网络排序与分类
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摘要
为了解国家Ⅱ级保护植物宝华玉兰Magnolia zenii的种群分布规律及其濒危原因,进一步揭示宝华玉兰野生种群与群落及环境之间的生态关系,应用自组织特征映射网络(SOM)对宝华玉兰生存群落进行了排序和分类,以期为保护和管理宝华玉兰种群野生种质资源提供理论依据和新的方法。结果如下:①群落结构分析表明,宝华玉兰天然更新缺乏,且紫楠Phoebe sheareri,建始槭Acer henryi等优势种占据了主要生存空间与资源,影响了宝华玉兰种群增长和发展,使其在群落中处于不稳定地位;②SOM将40个样方进行聚类分析,得到7个群落类型。不同群落类型之间的物种组成存在差异,界限清晰,排序结果与优势种实际分布情况吻合,说明SOM的分类结果具有合理性;③环境因子可视化分析揭示了宝华玉兰分布于坡度较缓的半阳坡,种群分布主要受到坡向和坡度2个环境因子的影响,由于宝华玉兰自身生长过程中对环境要求的特殊性和不适应性,造成了其濒危现状;④SOM具有高度非线性拟合的特点,且能够同时进行排序和分类,并将分类结果可视化,呈现样方之间的相似性,说明SOM应用于群落分类和排序,反映种群与群落及环境之间的生态关系是合适的。
To understand the population distribution of the National Grade Ⅱ protected plant,Magnolia zenii,and reasons for its endangered status;to reveal the ecological relationship between the M.zenii community and the environment;and to provide a theoretical basis and new methods for protecting and managing the wild germplasm resources of M.zenii,a self-organizing feature map(SOM) network was used to sort and classify the living communities of M.zenii.40 samples(quadrats) of 10 m×10 m for forest,5 m×5 m for shrub land and 1 m×1 m for grass land were set up and species data was recorded in each sample.The classification and ordination was carried out by use of the NNTool box in MATLAB(6.1).Results of the community structure analysis showed that(1) natural regeneration of M.zenii was lacking with the dominant species,Phoebe sheareri and Acer henryi,occupying the main living space and resources.(2) The SOM clustered 40 quadrats of plant communities to obtain seven community types.Species composition of the different community types varied,the boundaries were clear,and the ranking results were consistent with actual distribution of the dominant species.(3) Visual analysis of the environmental factors showed that M.zenii was distributed on the semi-sunny and gentle slopes.Population distribution was mainly affected by two environmental factors:slope and slope direction.(4) The SOM had a highly nonlinear fitting,could sort and classify at the same time,and could visualize the classification results to show similarity between quadrats.The study suggests that the dominant species occupy the main environmental resources of the community,which affects the growth of M.zenii population,furthermore,the special requirements of its growth process and being unable to adapt caused its endangered status.Additionally,SOM is an effective quantitative technique in plant ecology,and it is applicable to reflect the ecological relationship of population,community,and the environment.
To understand the population distribution of the National Grade Ⅱ protected plant,Magnolia zenii,and reasons for its endangered status;to reveal the ecological relationship between the M.zenii community and the environment;and to provide a theoretical basis and new methods for protecting and managing the wild germplasm resources of M.zenii,a self-organizing feature map(SOM) network was used to sort and classify the living communities of M.zenii.40 samples(quadrats) of 10 m×10 m for forest,5 m×5 m for shrub land and 1 m×1 m for grass land were set up and species data was recorded in each sample.The classification and ordination was carried out by use of the NNTool box in MATLAB(6.1).Results of the community structure analysis showed that(1) natural regeneration of M.zenii was lacking with the dominant species,Phoebe sheareri and Acer henryi,occupying the main living space and resources.(2) The SOM clustered 40 quadrats of plant communities to obtain seven community types.Species composition of the different community types varied,the boundaries were clear,and the ranking results were consistent with actual distribution of the dominant species.(3) Visual analysis of the environmental factors showed that M.zenii was distributed on the semi-sunny and gentle slopes.Population distribution was mainly affected by two environmental factors:slope and slope direction.(4) The SOM had a highly nonlinear fitting,could sort and classify at the same time,and could visualize the classification results to show similarity between quadrats.The study suggests that the dominant species occupy the main environmental resources of the community,which affects the growth of M.zenii population,furthermore,the special requirements of its growth process and being unable to adapt caused its endangered status.Additionally,SOM is an effective quantitative technique in plant ecology,and it is applicable to reflect the ecological relationship of population,community,and the environment.
引文
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[2]张峰,张金屯.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):278-282.ZHANG Feng,ZHANG Jintun.Research progress of numerical classification and ordination of vegetation in China[J].J Shanxi Univ Nat Sci Ed,2000,23(3):278-282.
[3]段后浪,赵安,姚忠.排序法在植物群落与环境关系研究中的应用述评[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2017,25(2):202-208.DUAN Houlang,ZHAO An,YAO Zhong.Overview of ordination methods application in relationship between plant community and environment[J].J Trop Subtrop Bot,2017,25(2):202-208.
[4]庾晓红,李贤伟,白降丽.我国植被数量分析方法的研究概况和发展趋势[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):448-451.YU Xiaohong,LI Xianwei,BAI Jiangli.Research progress and development trend on numerical analysis of vegetation in China[J].Chin J Ecol,2005,24(4):448-451.
[5]武伟.人工神经网络的范畴解释及其应用[D].南京:南京大学,2016.WU Wei.The Categorical Explanation and Application of Aetificial Neural Networks[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2016.
[6]杨黎刚,苏宏业,张英,等.基于SOM聚类的数据挖掘方法及其应用研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2007,29(8):133-136.YANG Ligang,SU Hongye,ZHANG Ying,et al.A method of data mining based on SOM clustering and its application[J].Comput Eng Sci,2007,29(8):133-136.
[7]吴红艳.基于自组织特征映射网络的聚类算法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.WU Hongyan.Clustering Algorithm Research based on Self-Organiziing Feature Map Network[D].Chongqing Chongqing University,2006.
[8]刘金福,朱德煌,兰思仁,等.戴云山黄山松群落与环境的关联[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5731-5736.LIU Jinfu,ZHU Dehuang,LAN Siren,et al.Association between environment and community of Pinus taiwanensis in Daiyun Mountain[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(18):5731-5736.
[9]STANKIEWICZ A,KOSIBA P.Advances in ecological modelling of soil properties by self-organizing feature maps of natural environment of Lower Silesia(Poland)[J].Acta Soc Bot Pol,2009,78(2):167-174.
[10]秋哲光.宝华山的宝华玉兰[J].植物杂志,1989(4):7.QIU Zheguang.The Magnolia zenii in Baohua Mountain[J].J Plant,1989(4):7.
[11]王剑伟,张光富,陈会艳.特有珍稀植物宝华玉兰种群分布格局和群落特征[J].广西植物,2008,28(4):489-494.WANG Jianwei,ZHANG Guangfu,CHEN Huiyan.Population pattern and community characteristics of endemic and rare plant Magnolia zenii in Baohuashan National Forest Park[J].Guihaia,2008,28(4):489-494.
[12]徐惠强,郝日明,姚志刚,等.珍稀树种小叶银缕梅和宝华玉兰自然现状及其就地保护研究[J].江苏林业科技,2001,28(5):19-21.XU Huiqiang,HAO Riming,YAO Zhigang,et al.Present natural situation and in situ conservation of rare and endangered trees Magnolia zenii Cheng and Parrotia subaequalis[J].J Jiangsu For Sci Technol,2001,28(5):19-21.
[13]蒋国梅,孙国,张光富,等.濒危植物宝华玉兰种内与种间竞争[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):201-206.JIANG Guomei,SUN Guo,ZHANG Guangfu,et al.Intra-and interspecific competition of endangered plant Magnolia zenii[J].Chin J Ecol,2010,29(2):201-206.
[14]陈云霞,南程慧.珍稀濒危植物宝华玉兰遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(4):445-449.CHEN Yunxia,NAN Chenghui.ISSR analysis on genetic diversity of endangered plant Magnolia zenii[J].J Sichuan Agric Univ,2016,34(4):445-449.
[15]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录(第1卷:红色名录)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:309-468.
[16]于永福.中国野生植物保护工作的里程碑:《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第1批)》出台[J].植物杂志,1999(5):4.YU Yongfu.Milestones for conservation of wild plants in China-Cata of wild plants under key state protection(first batch)[J].J Plant,1999(5):4.
[17]安树青,林向阳,洪必恭.宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):41-50.AN Shuqing,LIN Xiangyang,HONG Bigong.A preliminary study on the soil seed banks of the dominant vegetation forms on Baohua Mountaion[J].Acta Phyoecol Sin,1996,20(1):41-50.
[18]汤诗杰,彭志,汤庚国.宝华山南京椴群落的特征分析[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2008,29(1):90-94.TANG Shijie,PENG Zhi,TANG Gengguo.A community characteristics analysis on Tilia miqueliana in Baohua Mt[J].J Yangzhou Univ Agric Life Sci Ed,2008,29(1):90-94.
[19]张帆航.句容宝华山国家森林公园维管植物区系研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.ZHANG Fanhang.A Floristic Study of Vascular Plant on MT.Baohua National Forest Park in Jurong[D].Nanjing Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.
[20]李林峰,张金屯,周兰,等.自组织特征映射网络在芦芽山自然保护区青杄林分类和排序中的应用[J].林业科学,2014,50(5):1-7.LI Linfeng,ZHANG Jintun,ZHOU Lan,et al.Application of self-organizing feature map to classification and ordination of Picea wilsonii forest in Luya Mountain Nature Reserve[J].Sci Silv Sin,2014,50(5):1-7.
[21]苏日古嘎,张金屯,张斌,等.松山自然保护区森林群落的数量分类和排序[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2621-2629.Suriguga,ZHANG Jintun,ZHANG Bin,et al.Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in the Songshan National Nature Reserve[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(10):2621-2629.
[22]从睿,张开文,谢梦梦,等.江苏宝华山红柴枝群落组成结构及多样性分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(2):213-219.CONG Rui,ZHANG Kaiwen,XIE Mengmeng,et al.Community composition structure and diversity of Meliosma oldhamii maxim in the Baohua Mountain of Jiangsu Province[J].J Sichuan Agric Univ,2017,35(2):213-219.
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