采伐强度对东北针阔混交林林分生长和物种多样性的短期影响
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摘要
【目的】在东北次生针阔混交林开展不同强度采伐试验,探讨采伐强度对林分生长和物种多样性的影响,以期为该地区针阔混交林合理地开展营林活动提供科学依据。【方法】2011年7月在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局次生针阔混交林内建立4块面积1 hm~2的标准地,于2011年冬季对其进行采伐处理,采伐强度(胸高断面积强度)分别为0%(对照,CK),17.24%(弱度采伐,LT),34.74%(中度采伐,MT)和51.87%(强度采伐,HT),从每块标准地中分别选取5块20 m×20 m样地,采伐2和4年后测定并分析林分胸径、树高、胸高断面积、蓄积量、物种多样性和群落相似性,探讨采伐强度对其影响。【结果】采伐处理4年后,林分平均胸径增长量与对照相比均呈增加趋势,除LT处理显著增加外(P<0.05),其他处理与CK无显著差异(P>0.05);林分平均树高及其增长量与CK相比均降低,但各处理无显著差异(P>0.05);林分总胸高断面积和总蓄积量均比对照小,随着采伐强度的增大而降低,但LT和MT处理提高了单株胸高断面积增长量和单株蓄积增长量,HT处理降低了单株胸高断面积增长量和单株蓄积增长量,各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);采伐2和4年后,灌木层和草本层以及总体多度均有明显增加,但HT处理降低了乔木层多度;与采伐2年后相比,采伐4年后草本层多度降低;采伐未改变乔木层物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度,但显著提高了灌木层和草本层Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson指数,其中MT处理对物种多度、丰富度和多样性的增加影响最为明显;各处理间群落相似性指数较高,为中度相似或极相似水平。【结论】短期内,采伐对林分胸径生长有一定的促进作用,但未能促进林分树高的生长;采伐虽未对林分总胸高断面积和总蓄积量的增长有促进作用,但合理的采伐强度能提高单株胸高断面积和单株蓄积增长量,同时能够促进林分灌木层和草本层物种多样性提高。综合考虑林木生长和维持物种多样性两个方面,东北近熟针阔混交林的最适宜采伐强度为34.74%。
【Objective】 To explore the best tending measure, the thinning intensity experiment was carried out in the secondary forest of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest to analyze the effect of different thinning intensities on stand growth and species diversity, and to provide a guidance for rational management of forestation activities in the region. 【Method】 Four permanent plots with a size of 1 hm~2 were established for thinning experiment in the secondary forest of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in Jiaohe Forestry Experimental Bureau of Jilin Province in July 2011. The thinning intensities were set by basal area, which were 0%(control, CK), 17.24%(light thinning, LT), 34.74%(medium thinning, MT), and 51.87%(heavy thinning, HT). Five sample plots( 20 m × 20 m) were selected from each standard plot to determine the actual thinning intensity. 2 and 4 years after thinning, the DBH, tree height, basal area, stock volume, species diversity and community similarity were measured and analyzed, and the impacts of thinning intensity were studied.【Result】 4 years after thinning, the average DBH increment of the stands increased compared with the control. There was no significant difference between other treatments and the CK(P>0.05), except for the significant increase of LT treatment(P<0.05). The average tree height and growth rate of the stand were lower than that of the CK, but there was no significant difference among the treatments(P>0.05). The total basal area and stock volume of the stand were lower than those of the CK, showing that they decreased with the increase of thinning intensity. However, LT and MT treatments increased the increments of individual basal area and stock volume, and HT treatment was reversed, there were no significant difference among treatments(P>0.05). 2 and 4 years after thinning, the shrub layer, the herb layer and the overall abundance increased significantly, but the HT treatment reduced the abundance of the tree layer. Compared with 2 years after thinning, the herb layer was reduced 4 years after thinning. Thinning did not change the species richness, diversity and evenness of the tree layer, but significantly increased the Shannon-wiener index and the Simpson index of shrub layer and herb layer. The MT treatment had the most obvious effect on the increase of species abundance, richness and diversity. The community similarity index was higher among treatments, all the similarities were at moderate or high level.【Conclusion】Thinning had a certain promoting effect on the growth of DBH in short-term, but it has not promoted the growth of stand height. Although thinning has not promoted the increase of total basal area and stock volume of stand, a rational thinning intensity could significantly increase the individual increment of basal area and volume, and promote the species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer. Considering the growth of forest and maintaining species diversity, the most suitable thinning intensity of near-maturing mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in Northeast China was 34.74% in this study.
【Objective】 To explore the best tending measure, the thinning intensity experiment was carried out in the secondary forest of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest to analyze the effect of different thinning intensities on stand growth and species diversity, and to provide a guidance for rational management of forestation activities in the region. 【Method】 Four permanent plots with a size of 1 hm~2 were established for thinning experiment in the secondary forest of the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in Jiaohe Forestry Experimental Bureau of Jilin Province in July 2011. The thinning intensities were set by basal area, which were 0%(control, CK), 17.24%(light thinning, LT), 34.74%(medium thinning, MT), and 51.87%(heavy thinning, HT). Five sample plots( 20 m × 20 m) were selected from each standard plot to determine the actual thinning intensity. 2 and 4 years after thinning, the DBH, tree height, basal area, stock volume, species diversity and community similarity were measured and analyzed, and the impacts of thinning intensity were studied.【Result】 4 years after thinning, the average DBH increment of the stands increased compared with the control. There was no significant difference between other treatments and the CK(P>0.05), except for the significant increase of LT treatment(P<0.05). The average tree height and growth rate of the stand were lower than that of the CK, but there was no significant difference among the treatments(P>0.05). The total basal area and stock volume of the stand were lower than those of the CK, showing that they decreased with the increase of thinning intensity. However, LT and MT treatments increased the increments of individual basal area and stock volume, and HT treatment was reversed, there were no significant difference among treatments(P>0.05). 2 and 4 years after thinning, the shrub layer, the herb layer and the overall abundance increased significantly, but the HT treatment reduced the abundance of the tree layer. Compared with 2 years after thinning, the herb layer was reduced 4 years after thinning. Thinning did not change the species richness, diversity and evenness of the tree layer, but significantly increased the Shannon-wiener index and the Simpson index of shrub layer and herb layer. The MT treatment had the most obvious effect on the increase of species abundance, richness and diversity. The community similarity index was higher among treatments, all the similarities were at moderate or high level.【Conclusion】Thinning had a certain promoting effect on the growth of DBH in short-term, but it has not promoted the growth of stand height. Although thinning has not promoted the increase of total basal area and stock volume of stand, a rational thinning intensity could significantly increase the individual increment of basal area and volume, and promote the species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer. Considering the growth of forest and maintaining species diversity, the most suitable thinning intensity of near-maturing mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in Northeast China was 34.74% in this study.
引文
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