高压共轨喷油器内淹没射流试验研究
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摘要
高压共轨喷油器是通过调节控制室内压力场来改变控制室内淹没射流特性,从而改变针阀的受力过程,实现喷射特性的精确控制。因此,控制室内淹没射流特性研究对柴油在喷嘴内流动特性和喷射控制精度有重要意义。本文基于比例放大原理,设计了可视化淹没射流装置,开展了不同进出口压力边界条件下柴油淹没射流特性测试,并测量了淹没射流冲击力。实验结果表明:控制室内的淹没射流特性与控制室来流即圆管内流动紧密相关;当入口压力不变,随出口压力降低,管内流动由层流向紊流发展,管内产生空化,圆管内的空化流动导致淹没射流冲击力的变化,靶板所受冲击力的发展过程分为三个阶段:上升期、波动期、再次上升期。
The common-rail injector precisely controls the fuel injection by adjusting the pressure of its control chamber to change the submerged jet and the force on the needle.Therefore,study of the submerged jet of the control chamber is great significance for diesel fuel flow characteristics and injection control accuracy in injector.This work designs a visualization test rig to test the diesel fuel submerged jet as well as the impingent force under conditions of varied inlet/outlet pressures.The test results show that the submerged jet of the control chamber is relative with the inner flow of the cylindrical orifice in front of the control chamber.For a given constant inlet pressure,as the back pressure decreases,the inner flow of the cylindrical orifice first is laminar,and then becomes turbulent; in addition,cavitation occurs.This inner cavitation turbulence flow of the cylindrical orifice induces the changing of the impingent force.The developing process of the impingent force is divided into three periods:1)rising period;2)fluctuation period;3)rising again period.
The common-rail injector precisely controls the fuel injection by adjusting the pressure of its control chamber to change the submerged jet and the force on the needle.Therefore,study of the submerged jet of the control chamber is great significance for diesel fuel flow characteristics and injection control accuracy in injector.This work designs a visualization test rig to test the diesel fuel submerged jet as well as the impingent force under conditions of varied inlet/outlet pressures.The test results show that the submerged jet of the control chamber is relative with the inner flow of the cylindrical orifice in front of the control chamber.For a given constant inlet pressure,as the back pressure decreases,the inner flow of the cylindrical orifice first is laminar,and then becomes turbulent; in addition,cavitation occurs.This inner cavitation turbulence flow of the cylindrical orifice induces the changing of the impingent force.The developing process of the impingent force is divided into three periods:1)rising period;2)fluctuation period;3)rising again period.
引文
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[9]陈川.共轨喷油器响应特性的仿真分析及结构优化[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015CHEN Chuan.Research on Numerical Simulation and Structural Optimization of Common Rail Injector Response Characteristics[D].Beijing:Beijing JiaoTong University,2015
[10]QIU Tao,DAI Hefei,LEI Yan,et al,Dynamic Flow Behavior During Fuel-offloaded Process in Control Valve for Unit Pump Fuel System[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:153-160
[11]仇滔,刘天翔,安晓东,等.高压共轨喷油器针阀开启与关闭过程规律研究[J].兵工学报,2017,38(10):2069-2074QIU Tao,LIU Tianxiang,AN Xiaodong,et al.Research on Movement Characteristics of Needle Valve in Common Rail Injector for Diesel Engine[J].Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(10):2069-2074
[12]钟汶君,何志霞,王谦,等.不同比例放大倍数喷嘴内空穴流动的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2014,35(6):65-69ZHONG Wenjun,HE Zhixia,WANG Qian,et al.Visualization Experment of Cavitating Flow in Nozzle with Different Ampli-fication[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2014,35(6):65-69
[13]QIU Tao,Song Xin,LEI Yan,et al.Influence of Inlet Pressure on Cavita-tion Flow in Diesel Nozzle[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,109:364-372
[2]仇滔,代贺飞,雷艳,等.单体泵控制阀区域流场稳态与动态特性对比[J]·内燃机学报,2016,34(6):556-561QIU Tao,DAI Hefei,LEI Yan,et al.Comparative Study on Steady and Unsteady Flow Characteristics in Control Valve for the Unit Pump[J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(6):556-561
[3]仇滔,雷艳,彭璟,等.高压燃油系统电磁阀区域流动特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):367-372QIU Tao,LEI Yan,PENG Jing,et al.Flow Characteristic Experiment of Solenoid Valve Region for High-pressure Fuel System[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(11):7-10
[4]夏少华,郑金保,缪雪龙,等.电磁喷油器球阀流动分析[J].内燃机学报,2012,30(4):354-358XIA Shaohua,ZHENG Jinbao,MIAO Xuelong,et al.Cavitation Analysis on Ball Valve in Solenoid Injector[J].Transactions of CSICE,2012,30(4):354-358
[5]LIU Peng,FAN Liyun,XU De.Multi-objective Optimization of High-speed Solenoid Valve Based on Response Surface and Genetic Algorithm[C]//SAE Paper.Detroit,Michigan,USA,2015,2015-01-1350
[6]郑金保,缪雪龙,洪建海,等.电磁喷油器盛油槽和控制室压力联合测量与压力变化过程分析[J].内燃机学报,2013,31(2):171-176ZHENG Jinbao,MIAO Xuelong,HONG Jianhai,et al.Experiment on Pressure of Nozzle Volume and Control Chamber in Solenoid Injector of Common Rail System[J].Transactions of CSICE,2013,31(2):171-176
[7]苏海峰,张幽彤,王尚勇,等.高压共轨喷油器喷射特性试验与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(1):22-26SU Haifeng,ZHANG Youtong,WANG Shangyong,et al.Numerical Experimental Investigation of Injection Char-acteristics Ofhigh Pressure Common Rail Injector[J].Transactions of the Chi-nese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(1):22-26
[8]常远,欧阳光耀,杨昆.超高压共轨系统燃油喷射控制[J].海军工程大学学报,2015,27(5):39-43CHANG Yuan,OUYANG Guangyao,YANG Kun.Fuel Injection Control of Ultrahigh Pressure Common Rail System[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2015,27(5):39-43
[9]陈川.共轨喷油器响应特性的仿真分析及结构优化[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015CHEN Chuan.Research on Numerical Simulation and Structural Optimization of Common Rail Injector Response Characteristics[D].Beijing:Beijing JiaoTong University,2015
[10]QIU Tao,DAI Hefei,LEI Yan,et al,Dynamic Flow Behavior During Fuel-offloaded Process in Control Valve for Unit Pump Fuel System[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:153-160
[11]仇滔,刘天翔,安晓东,等.高压共轨喷油器针阀开启与关闭过程规律研究[J].兵工学报,2017,38(10):2069-2074QIU Tao,LIU Tianxiang,AN Xiaodong,et al.Research on Movement Characteristics of Needle Valve in Common Rail Injector for Diesel Engine[J].Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(10):2069-2074
[12]钟汶君,何志霞,王谦,等.不同比例放大倍数喷嘴内空穴流动的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2014,35(6):65-69ZHONG Wenjun,HE Zhixia,WANG Qian,et al.Visualization Experment of Cavitating Flow in Nozzle with Different Ampli-fication[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2014,35(6):65-69
[13]QIU Tao,Song Xin,LEI Yan,et al.Influence of Inlet Pressure on Cavita-tion Flow in Diesel Nozzle[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,109:364-372