锂离子电池静置下阶跃放电电流动态模型
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摘要
分析锂离子电池的一些特性时通常要电池的恒流放电曲线特性。目前工程上一般令电池输出阶跃电流以测取这个曲线,因此得到的电池电压特性是阶跃电流响应而不是恒电流响应。基于电化学理论中的控制电流法提出了建立锂离子电池阶跃电流响应模型的方法,分析了放电过程正极材料扩散系数的变化对电池端电压的影响,建立了数学模型并给出了模型参数的获取方法,还分析了模型参数随工作电流、环境温度以及电池荷电状态的变化规律。仿真和实物实验验证了模型的正确性。
The constant current discharge(CCD) curve of a battery is usually used to analyze some characteristics of the lithium-ion battery. However, in engineering practices, step current is generally managed to be output from the battery when measuring the CCD curve. Consequently, the battery's voltage characteristics are step current responses rather than CCD responses. In this paper, based on the controlled-current method in the electrochemical theory, a method to establish the step current response model of the lithium-ion battery is proposed. After the analysis of the influence of cathode material's diffusion coefficient variation on the terminal voltage, a mathematical model is established, and the calculation method for model parameters is given. In addition, the relations of model parameters with the operation current, ambient temperature, and the state of charge of the battery are analyzed. The proposed model was verified by both simulations and experiments.
The constant current discharge(CCD) curve of a battery is usually used to analyze some characteristics of the lithium-ion battery. However, in engineering practices, step current is generally managed to be output from the battery when measuring the CCD curve. Consequently, the battery's voltage characteristics are step current responses rather than CCD responses. In this paper, based on the controlled-current method in the electrochemical theory, a method to establish the step current response model of the lithium-ion battery is proposed. After the analysis of the influence of cathode material's diffusion coefficient variation on the terminal voltage, a mathematical model is established, and the calculation method for model parameters is given. In addition, the relations of model parameters with the operation current, ambient temperature, and the state of charge of the battery are analyzed. The proposed model was verified by both simulations and experiments.
引文
[1] Cheng Feng, Wang Hua, Cui Pin. Rotorcraft flight endurance estimation based on a new battery discharge model[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2017, 30(4):1561-1569.
[2]刘根锋.锂离子电池化成控制系统设计与研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学, 2015.Liu Genfeng. Design and research of lithium ion battery formation control system[D]. Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University, 2015(in Chinese).
[3] Bard A J, Faulkner L R.电化学方法原理和应用[M].邵元华等译.北京:化学工业出版社, 2005.
[4] Patel D D, Sharma S, Salameh Z M. Electric vehicle grade lithium polymer battery model using PSCAD[C]//2014 IEEE PES General Meeting Conference&Exposition. National Harbor, MD, USA, 2014:1-5.
[5]刘伟龙,王丽芳,廖承林,等.充电模态下电动汽车动力电池模型辨识[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(11):198-207.Liu Weilong, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, et al. Parameters identification method of battery model for electric vehicles under the charging mode[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnial Society, 2017, 32(11):198-207(in Chinese).
[6]王枫,史永超,崔纳新,等.基于灰色模型的锂电池充电技术研究[J].电源学报, 2017, 15(4):79-83.Wang Feng, Shi Yongchao, Cui Naxin, et al. Lithium battery charging technology research based on grey model[J].Journal of Power Supply, 2017, 15(4):79-83(in Chine-se).
[7]胡国珍,段善旭,蔡涛,等.基于模型参数拟合的锂离子电池充电电源控制性能[J].电工技术学报, 2012, 27(2):146-152.Hu Guozhen, Duan Shanxu, Cai Tao, et al. Control performance analysis of Lithium-ion battery charger based on model parameter fitting[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(2):146-152(in Chinese).
[8]何志超,杨耕,卢兰光,等.一种动力电池动态特性建模[J].电工技术学报, 2016, 31(11):194-203.He Zhichao, Yang Geng, Lu Languang, et al. A modeling method for power battery dynamics[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnial Society, 2016, 31(11):194-203(in Chinese).
[9] Prosini P P. Determination of the diffusion coefficient of LiFePO4[M]//Iron Phosphate Materials as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries. Springer London, 2011:21-27.
[10]唐新村,何莉萍,陈宗璋,等.恒压-恒流充电容量比值法测定石墨电极中的锂离子扩散系数[J].物理化学学报, 2002,18(8):705-709.Tang Xincun, He Liping, Chen Zongzhang, et al. Determination of the Li+diffusion coefficient in graphite by the method of the ratio of potation-charge capacity to Galvanocharge capacity[J]. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2002, 18(8):705-709(in Chinese).
[11] Tang Anping, Wang Xianyou, Xu Guorong, et al. Chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in Li 3 V 2(PO 4)3, cathode material[J]. Materials Letters, 2009, 63(27):2396-2398.
[12]王芳,夏军,等.电动汽车动力电池系统设计与制造技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2017.
[13]程晓农,戴起勋,邵红红.材料固态相变与扩散[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006.
[14]林立,张祥功,张伟,等.循环次数对C/LiNiMnCoO_2电池中锂离子扩散系数的影响[J].电源技术, 2010, 34(6):546-548.Lin Li, Zhang Xianggong, Zhang Wei, et al. Effect of charge/discharge cycles on Li+diffusion coefficients in C/LiNiMnCoO2 battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2010, 34(6):546-548(in Chinese).
[2]刘根锋.锂离子电池化成控制系统设计与研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学, 2015.Liu Genfeng. Design and research of lithium ion battery formation control system[D]. Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University, 2015(in Chinese).
[3] Bard A J, Faulkner L R.电化学方法原理和应用[M].邵元华等译.北京:化学工业出版社, 2005.
[4] Patel D D, Sharma S, Salameh Z M. Electric vehicle grade lithium polymer battery model using PSCAD[C]//2014 IEEE PES General Meeting Conference&Exposition. National Harbor, MD, USA, 2014:1-5.
[5]刘伟龙,王丽芳,廖承林,等.充电模态下电动汽车动力电池模型辨识[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(11):198-207.Liu Weilong, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin, et al. Parameters identification method of battery model for electric vehicles under the charging mode[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnial Society, 2017, 32(11):198-207(in Chinese).
[6]王枫,史永超,崔纳新,等.基于灰色模型的锂电池充电技术研究[J].电源学报, 2017, 15(4):79-83.Wang Feng, Shi Yongchao, Cui Naxin, et al. Lithium battery charging technology research based on grey model[J].Journal of Power Supply, 2017, 15(4):79-83(in Chine-se).
[7]胡国珍,段善旭,蔡涛,等.基于模型参数拟合的锂离子电池充电电源控制性能[J].电工技术学报, 2012, 27(2):146-152.Hu Guozhen, Duan Shanxu, Cai Tao, et al. Control performance analysis of Lithium-ion battery charger based on model parameter fitting[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(2):146-152(in Chinese).
[8]何志超,杨耕,卢兰光,等.一种动力电池动态特性建模[J].电工技术学报, 2016, 31(11):194-203.He Zhichao, Yang Geng, Lu Languang, et al. A modeling method for power battery dynamics[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnial Society, 2016, 31(11):194-203(in Chinese).
[9] Prosini P P. Determination of the diffusion coefficient of LiFePO4[M]//Iron Phosphate Materials as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries. Springer London, 2011:21-27.
[10]唐新村,何莉萍,陈宗璋,等.恒压-恒流充电容量比值法测定石墨电极中的锂离子扩散系数[J].物理化学学报, 2002,18(8):705-709.Tang Xincun, He Liping, Chen Zongzhang, et al. Determination of the Li+diffusion coefficient in graphite by the method of the ratio of potation-charge capacity to Galvanocharge capacity[J]. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2002, 18(8):705-709(in Chinese).
[11] Tang Anping, Wang Xianyou, Xu Guorong, et al. Chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in Li 3 V 2(PO 4)3, cathode material[J]. Materials Letters, 2009, 63(27):2396-2398.
[12]王芳,夏军,等.电动汽车动力电池系统设计与制造技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2017.
[13]程晓农,戴起勋,邵红红.材料固态相变与扩散[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006.
[14]林立,张祥功,张伟,等.循环次数对C/LiNiMnCoO_2电池中锂离子扩散系数的影响[J].电源技术, 2010, 34(6):546-548.Lin Li, Zhang Xianggong, Zhang Wei, et al. Effect of charge/discharge cycles on Li+diffusion coefficients in C/LiNiMnCoO2 battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2010, 34(6):546-548(in Chinese).