京津冀地区低层局地大气环流的气候特征研究
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摘要
本文采用2007-2016年的中尺度数值模拟结果和15个地面气象站观测资料,定义了局地风场表征风速,研究京津冀平原地区局地大气环流日变化的气候特征,并对区域大气污染及其输送的影响进行分析。此外,对2016年12月30日至2017年1月7日北京地区跨年大气重污染过程进行了个例分析。得到结论:京津冀平原地区低空风场变化是天气系统与局地大气环流共同作用的结果,山谷风环流致使太行山和燕山沿线平原地区大气边界层内的长年主导风向为偏北和偏南;太行山和燕山沿线地区山谷风环流本身呈顺时针旋转的日变化特征,夜间至早晨谷风转向山风,午后至夜间山风转向谷风;在午后谷风向山风转向期间,容易形成沿太行山东麓和燕山南麓、自南向东北的"弓形"气流输送通道,此气流输送通道在1月于21时左右形成,持续时间大约3 h,在7月于18时左右形成,持续时间可达9 h;冬季午后至晚间盛行谷风时,受山体的阻挡,污染物容易在山前累积,导致污染浓度增高;夏季同样的情况会发生在后半夜。
Based on mesoscale numerical simulation data and 15 surface meteorological observation data from 2007 to 2016, characterizing wind speed of local wind field is defined and the climatic characteristics of the diurnal variation of the local circulation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region are analyzed. Also, the influence of air pollution and transportation in this area are analyzed. In addition, the atmospheric heavy pollution process in Beijing Area from 30 December 2016 to 7 January 2017 is studied. The conclusions are as follows. The change of the lower wind field in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is the consequence of the interaction between the atmospheric circulation and the diurnal variation of the local wind fields. The mountain-valley breeze causes the prevailing wind in the atmospheric boundary layer along the plains of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain to blow by north and south. The daily variation of the mountain-valley breeze of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has the characteristics of clockwise changes, which means that valley wind turns to mountain wind over night to morning and mountain wind turns to valley wind from afternoon to night. During the turning in the afternoon from valley wind to mountain wind, the"bow" airflow passage from southwest to northeast along east side of the Taihang Mountain and southern side of the Yanshan Mountain is easy to form. This airflow channel is formed at about 21:00 BT January,lasting about 3 h, and in July, it froms at about 18:00 BT lasting about 9 h. During the winter afternoon to the evening, valley wind is very strong, making pollutants accumulate easily in front of mountains by the barrier of the mountain and causing the pollution concentration to increase. The same situation occurs in summer after midnight.
Based on mesoscale numerical simulation data and 15 surface meteorological observation data from 2007 to 2016, characterizing wind speed of local wind field is defined and the climatic characteristics of the diurnal variation of the local circulation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region are analyzed. Also, the influence of air pollution and transportation in this area are analyzed. In addition, the atmospheric heavy pollution process in Beijing Area from 30 December 2016 to 7 January 2017 is studied. The conclusions are as follows. The change of the lower wind field in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is the consequence of the interaction between the atmospheric circulation and the diurnal variation of the local wind fields. The mountain-valley breeze causes the prevailing wind in the atmospheric boundary layer along the plains of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain to blow by north and south. The daily variation of the mountain-valley breeze of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has the characteristics of clockwise changes, which means that valley wind turns to mountain wind over night to morning and mountain wind turns to valley wind from afternoon to night. During the turning in the afternoon from valley wind to mountain wind, the"bow" airflow passage from southwest to northeast along east side of the Taihang Mountain and southern side of the Yanshan Mountain is easy to form. This airflow channel is formed at about 21:00 BT January,lasting about 3 h, and in July, it froms at about 18:00 BT lasting about 9 h. During the winter afternoon to the evening, valley wind is very strong, making pollutants accumulate easily in front of mountains by the barrier of the mountain and causing the pollution concentration to increase. The same situation occurs in summer after midnight.
引文
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孙兆彬,李梓铭,廖晓农,等,2017.北京大气热力和动力结构对污染物输送和扩散条件的影响[J].中国环境科学,37(5):1693-1705. Sun Z B,Li Z M,Liao X N,et al,2017. Influence of Beijing atmospheric thermal and dynamics structure on pollutants transport and diffusion conditions[J]. China Environ Sci,37(5):1693-1705(in Chinese).
吴兑,廖碧婷,吴蒙,等,2014.环首都圈霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件[J].环境科学学报,34(1):1-11. Wu D,Liao B T,Wu M,et al,2014. The long-term trend of haze and fog days and the surface layer transport conditions under haze weather in North China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,34(1):1-11(in Chinese).
王喜全,杨婷,王自发,2011.灰霾污染的跨控制区影响一一次京津冀与东北区域灰霾污染个案分析[J].气候与环境研究,16(6):690-696. Wang X Q,Yang T,Wang Z F,2011. Impact of dusthaze episode form one air pollution control region to the otherone case study[J]. Climatic Environ Res,16(6):690-696(in Chinese).王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等,2008.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,30(4):194-198. Wang Z F,Li L N,Wu Q Z,et al,2008. Simulation of the impacts of regional transport on summer ozone levels over Beijing[J]. Chin J Nat,30(4):194-198(in Chinese).
徐祥德,周丽,周秀骥,2004.城市环境大气重污染过程周边源影响域[J].中国科学:地球科学,34(10):958-966. Xu X D,Zhou L,Zhou X Q,2004. Influencing domain of peripheral sources in the urban heavy pollution process of Beijing[J]. Sci China, Earth Sci,34(10):958-966(in Chinese).
徐祥德,周秀骥,施晓晖,2005.城市群落大气污染源影响的空间结构及尺度特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,35(S1):1-19. Xu X D,Zhou X J,Shi X H,2005. Spatial structure and scale feature of the atmospheric pollution source impact of city agglomeration[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,35(S1):1-19(in Chinese).
杨旭,张小玲,康延臻,等,2017.京津冀地区冬半年空气污染天气分型研究[J].中国环境科学,37(9):3201-3209. Yang X,Zhang X L,Kang Y Z,et al,2017. Circulation weather type classification for air pollution over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region during winter[J]. China Environ Sci,37(9):3201-3209(in Chinese).
游春华,蔡旭辉,宋宇,等,2006.京津地区夏季大气局地环流背景研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),42(6):779-783. You C H,Cai X H,Song Y, et al, 2006. Local atmospheric circulations over Beijing-Tianjin Area in summer[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,42(6):779-783(in Chinese).
Miao Y C,Hu X M,Liu S H,et al,2015a. Seasonal variation of local atmospheric circulations and boundary layer structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and implications for air quality[J].J Adv Model Earth Syst,7(4):1602-1626.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015b. Numerical study of the effects of local atmospheric circulations on a pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,China[J]. J Environ Sci,30(4):9-20.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015c. Numerical study of the effects of planetary boundary layer structure on the pollutant dispersion within built-up areas[J]. J Environ Sci,32:168-179.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015d. Numerical study of the effects of topography and urbanization on the local atmosphericcirculations over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China[J]. Adv Meteor,2015:397070,DOI:10. 1155/2015/397070.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2016. Modeling the feedback between aerosol and boundary layer processes:a case study in Beijing, China[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,23(4):3342-3357.
Miao Y C,Guo J P,Liu S H,et al,2017a. Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their association with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution[J]. Atmos Chem Phys,17(4):3097-3110.
Miao Y C,Guo J P,Liu S H,et al,2017b. Relay transport of aerosols to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region by multi-scale atmospheric circulations[J]. Atmos Environ, 165:35-45.
董芬,王喜全,王自发,等,2013.北京地区大气污染分布的“南北两重天”现象.气候与环境研究,18(1):63-70. Dong F,Wang X Q,Wang Z F,et al,2013. A study of the north-south differences of the air quality in Beijing[J]. Climatic Environ Res,18(1):63-70(in Chinese).
何心河,马建中,徐敬,等,2016. 2014年10月京津冀地区一次PM2.5污染过程的数值模拟[J].气象,42(7):827-837. He X H,Ma J Z,Xu J,et al,2016. Simulation of a heavy PM2. 5 pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in October 2014[J]. Meteor Mon,42(7):827-837(in Chinese).
刘树华,刘振鑫,李炬,等,2009.京津冀地区大气局地环流耦合效应的数值模拟[J].中国科学:地球科学,39(1):88-98. Liu S H,Liu Z X,Li J,et al,2009. Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,39(1):88-98(in Chinese).
刘树华,刘振鑫,马雁军,等,2008.京津冀地区局地大气环流耦合效应与区域可持续发展的战略思考[J].前沿科学,2(4):61-74.Liu S H,Liu Z X,Ma Y J,et al,2008. Strategic thinking of sustainability for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province[J].Frontier Sci,2(4):61-74(in Chinese).
刘香娥,何晖,贾星灿,等,2016.北京一次污染天气过程特征的数值模拟[J].气象,42(9):1096-1104. Liu X E,He H,Jia X C,et al,2016. Numerical simulation of a pollution event in Beijing[J].Meteor Mon,42(9):1096-1104(in Chinese).
刘振鑫,刘树华,胡非,等,2012. MM5和WRF对北京地区低层大气局地环流模拟能力的对比研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,42(2):301-312. Liu Z X, Liu S H, Hu F,et al, 2012. A comparison study of the simulation accuracy between WRF and MM5 in simulating local atmospheric circulations over Greater Beijing[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,42(2):301-312(in Chinese).
马小会,廖晓农,唐宜西,等,2017.北京地区重空气污染天气分型及个例分析[J].气象与环境学报,33(5):53-60. Ma X H,Liao X N,Tang Y X,et al,2017. Weather pattern and case analysis of air heavy pollution days in Beijing[J]. J Meteor Environ,33(5):53-60(in Chinese).
任阵海,万本太,虞统,等,2004.不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送[J].环境科学研究,17(1):7-13. Ren Z H,Wan B T,Yu T,et al,2004. Influence of weather system of different scales on pollution boundary layer and the transport in horizontal current field[J]. Res Environ Sci,17(1):7-13(in Chi-nese).
苏福庆,高庆先,张志刚,等,2004.北京边界层外来污染物输送通道[J].环境科学研究,17(1):26-29. Su F Q,Gao Q X,Zhang Z G,et al,2004. Transport pathways of pollutants from outside in atmosphere boundary layer[J]. Res Environ Sci, 17(1):26-29(in Chinese).
孙兆彬,李梓铭,廖晓农,等,2017.北京大气热力和动力结构对污染物输送和扩散条件的影响[J].中国环境科学,37(5):1693-1705. Sun Z B,Li Z M,Liao X N,et al,2017. Influence of Beijing atmospheric thermal and dynamics structure on pollutants transport and diffusion conditions[J]. China Environ Sci,37(5):1693-1705(in Chinese).
吴兑,廖碧婷,吴蒙,等,2014.环首都圈霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件[J].环境科学学报,34(1):1-11. Wu D,Liao B T,Wu M,et al,2014. The long-term trend of haze and fog days and the surface layer transport conditions under haze weather in North China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,34(1):1-11(in Chinese).
王喜全,杨婷,王自发,2011.灰霾污染的跨控制区影响一一次京津冀与东北区域灰霾污染个案分析[J].气候与环境研究,16(6):690-696. Wang X Q,Yang T,Wang Z F,2011. Impact of dusthaze episode form one air pollution control region to the otherone case study[J]. Climatic Environ Res,16(6):690-696(in Chinese).王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等,2008.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,30(4):194-198. Wang Z F,Li L N,Wu Q Z,et al,2008. Simulation of the impacts of regional transport on summer ozone levels over Beijing[J]. Chin J Nat,30(4):194-198(in Chinese).
徐祥德,周丽,周秀骥,2004.城市环境大气重污染过程周边源影响域[J].中国科学:地球科学,34(10):958-966. Xu X D,Zhou L,Zhou X Q,2004. Influencing domain of peripheral sources in the urban heavy pollution process of Beijing[J]. Sci China, Earth Sci,34(10):958-966(in Chinese).
徐祥德,周秀骥,施晓晖,2005.城市群落大气污染源影响的空间结构及尺度特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,35(S1):1-19. Xu X D,Zhou X J,Shi X H,2005. Spatial structure and scale feature of the atmospheric pollution source impact of city agglomeration[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,35(S1):1-19(in Chinese).
杨旭,张小玲,康延臻,等,2017.京津冀地区冬半年空气污染天气分型研究[J].中国环境科学,37(9):3201-3209. Yang X,Zhang X L,Kang Y Z,et al,2017. Circulation weather type classification for air pollution over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region during winter[J]. China Environ Sci,37(9):3201-3209(in Chinese).
游春华,蔡旭辉,宋宇,等,2006.京津地区夏季大气局地环流背景研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),42(6):779-783. You C H,Cai X H,Song Y, et al, 2006. Local atmospheric circulations over Beijing-Tianjin Area in summer[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,42(6):779-783(in Chinese).
Miao Y C,Hu X M,Liu S H,et al,2015a. Seasonal variation of local atmospheric circulations and boundary layer structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and implications for air quality[J].J Adv Model Earth Syst,7(4):1602-1626.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015b. Numerical study of the effects of local atmospheric circulations on a pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,China[J]. J Environ Sci,30(4):9-20.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015c. Numerical study of the effects of planetary boundary layer structure on the pollutant dispersion within built-up areas[J]. J Environ Sci,32:168-179.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2015d. Numerical study of the effects of topography and urbanization on the local atmosphericcirculations over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China[J]. Adv Meteor,2015:397070,DOI:10. 1155/2015/397070.
Miao Y C,Liu S H,Zheng Y J,et al,2016. Modeling the feedback between aerosol and boundary layer processes:a case study in Beijing, China[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,23(4):3342-3357.
Miao Y C,Guo J P,Liu S H,et al,2017a. Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their association with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution[J]. Atmos Chem Phys,17(4):3097-3110.
Miao Y C,Guo J P,Liu S H,et al,2017b. Relay transport of aerosols to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region by multi-scale atmospheric circulations[J]. Atmos Environ, 165:35-45.