基于MBBR的CANON工艺处理消化液中试启动
|
摘要
基于移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)成功启动了自养脱氮工艺(CANON)处理污泥消化上清液.采用8.55m3中试系统,反应器内部填充SPR-III填料,填充率44%,通过动态流接CANON污泥(接种比例<1%),经过70d成功启动CANON工艺.运行至200d,TN去除负荷稳定在0.9kgN/(m3·d),出水氨氮浓度均值63.9mg/L,氨氮和总氮去除率均值分别为91%和85%.进水中存在的少量有机物使系统同时存在反硝化和厌氧氨氧化两种脱氮途径,促进了总氮的去除,对总氮去除的贡献分别占5%～7%和93%～95%.通过对pH值和曝气强度的控制,防止了悬浮载体结垢,平衡了DO、曝气强度以及生物膜厚度三者之间的关系,使生物膜始终处于适宜的厚度,稳定了系统的处理效果.高通量测序表明悬浮载体上的优势菌种为氨氧化菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB),其丰度整体呈增长趋势,至稳定运行期可达到17%和14%.系统无NOB存在,短程硝化效果良好,反硝化菌群丰度在2%～3%并相对稳定,进水中存在的少量有机物不会影响厌氧氨氧化菌的增殖.
This article reported the start-up process of sludge digestion supernatants treatments by CANON process based on MBBR reactor. The pilot system with a volume of 8.55 m3 was used and filled with SPR-III filler, which had a filling rate of 44%. The CANON process was successfully started after 70 d with dynamic inflow of CANON sludge, and the inoculation ratio was below 1%. After 200 d, the TN removal volumetric loading was stable at 0.9 kgN/(m3·d), the mean value of the concentration of effluent ammonia nitrogen was 63.9 mg/L, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 91% and 85% respectively. The N-removal pathway ofdenitrificationand anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred simultaneously due to small amount of organic matter presence in the influent, which accounted for 5% to 7%and 93% to 95% of total nitrogen removal, respectively. By controlling of pH and aeration intensity, the scaling of suspended carriers was prevented and the relationship among DO, aeration intensity and biofilm thickness was balanced. As a result, the biofilm always maintained suitable thickness, which stabilized the treatment effect of the system. The high flux sequencing indicated that AOB and AnAOB were dominant species on the suspended carriers, and their abundance reached 17% and 14% during steady operation. There was no NOB in the system, indicating that the short-nitrification effect was good. The denitrifying bacteria abundance was 2%～3% and relatively stable, indicating that the small amount of organic matter in the influent did not affect the increase of anammox bacteria.
This article reported the start-up process of sludge digestion supernatants treatments by CANON process based on MBBR reactor. The pilot system with a volume of 8.55 m3 was used and filled with SPR-III filler, which had a filling rate of 44%. The CANON process was successfully started after 70 d with dynamic inflow of CANON sludge, and the inoculation ratio was below 1%. After 200 d, the TN removal volumetric loading was stable at 0.9 kgN/(m3·d), the mean value of the concentration of effluent ammonia nitrogen was 63.9 mg/L, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 91% and 85% respectively. The N-removal pathway ofdenitrificationand anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred simultaneously due to small amount of organic matter presence in the influent, which accounted for 5% to 7%and 93% to 95% of total nitrogen removal, respectively. By controlling of pH and aeration intensity, the scaling of suspended carriers was prevented and the relationship among DO, aeration intensity and biofilm thickness was balanced. As a result, the biofilm always maintained suitable thickness, which stabilized the treatment effect of the system. The high flux sequencing indicated that AOB and AnAOB were dominant species on the suspended carriers, and their abundance reached 17% and 14% during steady operation. There was no NOB in the system, indicating that the short-nitrification effect was good. The denitrifying bacteria abundance was 2%～3% and relatively stable, indicating that the small amount of organic matter in the influent did not affect the increase of anammox bacteria.
引文
[1]韩晓宇,黄京,刘新春,等.厌氧氨氧化技术处理热水解消化液的实验研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2542-2549.Han X Y,Huang J,Liu X C,et al.Study on treatment of thermal hydrolysis anaerobic digester effluent by anaerobic ammonia oxidation technique[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2542-2549.
[2]张树军,韩晓宇,张亮,等.污泥发酵同步消化液旁侧脱氮[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(1):19-24.Zhang S J,Han X Y,Zhang L,et al.Siding nitrogen removal from digestion liquid by simultaneous sludge fermentation and wastewater denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(1):19-24.
[3]袁砚,周正,林兴,等.氨氮对厌氧氨氧化过程的抑制规律及调控策略[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3309-3314.Yuan Y,Zhou Z,Lin X,et al.Inhibiting regularity and control strategy of NH4+-N on ANAMMOX Process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3309-3314.
[4]杨延栋,黄京,韩晓宇,等.一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨氮污泥消化液的启动[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1082-1087.Yang Y D,Huang J,Han X Y,et al.Start-up of one-stage partial nitrification/anammox process treating ammonium-rich reject water[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):1082-1087.
[5]胡石,甘一萍,张树军,等.一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的效能及污泥特性[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):111-117.Hu S,Gan Y P,Zhang S J,et al.Performance and sludge characteristics of the CANON process[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(1):111-117.
[6]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.MBR系统CANON工艺的快速启动及微生物种群特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2788-2795.Li D,He Y P,Zhang X J,et al.The fast start-up of CANON process in MBR system and the characterization of microbes[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2788-2795.
[7]李冬,赵世勋,王俊安,等.污水处理厂CANON工艺启动策略[J].中国环境科学,2017,(11):127-133.Li D,Zhao S X,Wang J A,et al.Startup strategies of CANON process in wastewater treatment plant[J].China Environmental Science,2017,(11):127-133.
[8]张志强,关笑,吕锋,等.悬浮填料对厌氧氨氧化MBR运行的影响特性及机理[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):929-934.Zhang Z Q,Guan X,Lv F,et al.Influencing characteristics and mechanisms of suspended carriers on anammox MBR performance[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):929-934.
[9]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.改性聚乙烯填料CANON反应器的启动与运行[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4406-4412.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Start-up of CANON reactor with modified polyethylene carrier and its performance[J].CIESC Jorunal,2014,65(11):4406-4412.
[10]付昆明,王会芳,左早荣,等.生物膜CANON反应器中沉积物影响及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2926-2933.Fu K M,Wang H F,Zuo Z R,et al.Analysis of Precipitation Formation in Biofilm CANON Reactor and Its Effect on Nitrogen Removal[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(8):2926-2933.
[11]Edgar R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J].Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2461.
[12]Schloss P D,Westcott S L,Ryabin T,et al.Introducing mothur:open-source,platform-independent,community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2009,75(23):7537-7541.
[13]Wang Q,Garrity G M,Tiedje J M,et al.Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2007,73(16):5261-5267.
[14]Abma W R,Schultz C E,Mulder J W,et al.Full-scale granular sludge Anammox process[J].Water Science and Technology,2007,55(8/9):27-33.
[15]Christensson M,Ekstr?m S,Chan A A,et al.Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox plants[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,67(12):2677-2684.
[16]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Osorio F,Morillo J A,et al.Comparison of bacterial diversity in full scale anammox bioreactors operated under different conditions[J].Biotechnology progress,2015,31(6):1464-1472.
[17]Jeanningros Y,Vlaeminck S E,Kaldate A,et al.Fast start-up of a pilot-scale deammonification sequencing batch reactor from an activated sludge inoculum[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,61(6):1393-1400.
[18]Wett B.Development and implementation of a robust deammonification process[J].Water science and technology,2007,56(7):81-88.
[19]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied microbiology and biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[20]van Niftrik L A,Fuerst J A,DamstéJ S S,et al.The anammoxosome:an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria[J].FEMSmicrobiology letters,2004,233(1):7-13.
[21]Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al.Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and anammox in one SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[22]陈重军,朱为静,黄孝肖,等.厌氧氨氧化启动过程Anammox菌富集规律和差异分析[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(6):891-900.Chen C J,Zhu W J,Huagn X X,et al.Enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria in the anammox start-up process[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2014,30(6):891-900.
[23]李涛,周律.污水处理系统中鸟粪石结垢的控制技术[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(18):14-18.Li T,Zhou L.Control Technologies of Struvite Scaling in Wastewater Treatment Systems[J].China Water&Wastewater,2008,24(18):14-18.
[24]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J].Water research,2014,55:292-303.
[25]吴迪.MBBR在国内的工程应用与发展前景[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(16):22-31.Wu D.Application and Development Prospect of MBBR in China[J].China Water&Wastewater,2018,34(16):22-31.
[26]魏思佳,于德爽,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH4+-N对耦合反应的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):759-767.Wei S J,Yu D S,Li J,et al.Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrificationⅠ:effect of COD/NH4+-N on coupled reaction[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):759-767.
[27]Chamchoi N,Nitisoravut S,Schmidt J E.Inactivation of ANAMMOXcommunities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[28]李冬,杨卓,梁瑜海,等.耦合反硝化的CANON生物滤池脱氮研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1448-1456.Li D,Yang Z,Liang Y H,et al.Nitrogen removal performance by CANON biological filtration with denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(6):1448-1456.
[29]王春香,刘常敬,郑林雪,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合脱氮系统中反硝化细菌研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1878-1883.Wang C X,Liu C J,Zheng L X,et al.Denitrifying bacteria of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing denitrifying system[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(7):1878-1883.
[30]李冬,杨巧云,曾辉平,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化快速启动CANON工艺[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1307-1314.Li D,Yang Q Y,Zeng H P,et al.The startup of CANON process by starting up simultaneous anammox and denitrification process firstly[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1307-1314.
[31]王维奇,王秀杰,李军,等.部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能研究[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(2):641-647.Wang W Q,Wang X J,Li J,et al.Study on the performance of partial denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation for nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2019,39(2):641-647.
[32]Güven D,Dapena A,Kartal B,et al.Propionate oxidation by and methanol inhibition of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2005,71(2):1066-1071.
[33]刘天琪,金若菲,周集体,等.异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌ADN-42的脱氮特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,(2):989-996.Liu T Q,Jin R F,Zhou J T,et al.Nitrogen-removal characteristic of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium ADN-42[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,(2):989-996.
[34]宋宇杰,李屹,刘玉香,等.碳源和氮源对异养硝化好氧反硝化菌株Y1脱氮性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2491-2497.Song Y J,Li Y,Liu Y X,et al.Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on nitrogen removal by a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain Y1[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2491-2497.
[2]张树军,韩晓宇,张亮,等.污泥发酵同步消化液旁侧脱氮[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(1):19-24.Zhang S J,Han X Y,Zhang L,et al.Siding nitrogen removal from digestion liquid by simultaneous sludge fermentation and wastewater denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(1):19-24.
[3]袁砚,周正,林兴,等.氨氮对厌氧氨氧化过程的抑制规律及调控策略[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3309-3314.Yuan Y,Zhou Z,Lin X,et al.Inhibiting regularity and control strategy of NH4+-N on ANAMMOX Process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3309-3314.
[4]杨延栋,黄京,韩晓宇,等.一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨氮污泥消化液的启动[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):1082-1087.Yang Y D,Huang J,Han X Y,et al.Start-up of one-stage partial nitrification/anammox process treating ammonium-rich reject water[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):1082-1087.
[5]胡石,甘一萍,张树军,等.一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的效能及污泥特性[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):111-117.Hu S,Gan Y P,Zhang S J,et al.Performance and sludge characteristics of the CANON process[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(1):111-117.
[6]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.MBR系统CANON工艺的快速启动及微生物种群特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2788-2795.Li D,He Y P,Zhang X J,et al.The fast start-up of CANON process in MBR system and the characterization of microbes[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2788-2795.
[7]李冬,赵世勋,王俊安,等.污水处理厂CANON工艺启动策略[J].中国环境科学,2017,(11):127-133.Li D,Zhao S X,Wang J A,et al.Startup strategies of CANON process in wastewater treatment plant[J].China Environmental Science,2017,(11):127-133.
[8]张志强,关笑,吕锋,等.悬浮填料对厌氧氨氧化MBR运行的影响特性及机理[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):929-934.Zhang Z Q,Guan X,Lv F,et al.Influencing characteristics and mechanisms of suspended carriers on anammox MBR performance[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):929-934.
[9]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.改性聚乙烯填料CANON反应器的启动与运行[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4406-4412.Fu K M,Zhang J,Cao X S,et al.Start-up of CANON reactor with modified polyethylene carrier and its performance[J].CIESC Jorunal,2014,65(11):4406-4412.
[10]付昆明,王会芳,左早荣,等.生物膜CANON反应器中沉积物影响及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2926-2933.Fu K M,Wang H F,Zuo Z R,et al.Analysis of Precipitation Formation in Biofilm CANON Reactor and Its Effect on Nitrogen Removal[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(8):2926-2933.
[11]Edgar R C.Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J].Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2461.
[12]Schloss P D,Westcott S L,Ryabin T,et al.Introducing mothur:open-source,platform-independent,community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2009,75(23):7537-7541.
[13]Wang Q,Garrity G M,Tiedje J M,et al.Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2007,73(16):5261-5267.
[14]Abma W R,Schultz C E,Mulder J W,et al.Full-scale granular sludge Anammox process[J].Water Science and Technology,2007,55(8/9):27-33.
[15]Christensson M,Ekstr?m S,Chan A A,et al.Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox plants[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,67(12):2677-2684.
[16]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Osorio F,Morillo J A,et al.Comparison of bacterial diversity in full scale anammox bioreactors operated under different conditions[J].Biotechnology progress,2015,31(6):1464-1472.
[17]Jeanningros Y,Vlaeminck S E,Kaldate A,et al.Fast start-up of a pilot-scale deammonification sequencing batch reactor from an activated sludge inoculum[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,61(6):1393-1400.
[18]Wett B.Development and implementation of a robust deammonification process[J].Water science and technology,2007,56(7):81-88.
[19]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied microbiology and biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[20]van Niftrik L A,Fuerst J A,DamstéJ S S,et al.The anammoxosome:an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria[J].FEMSmicrobiology letters,2004,233(1):7-13.
[21]Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al.Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and anammox in one SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[22]陈重军,朱为静,黄孝肖,等.厌氧氨氧化启动过程Anammox菌富集规律和差异分析[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(6):891-900.Chen C J,Zhu W J,Huagn X X,et al.Enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria in the anammox start-up process[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2014,30(6):891-900.
[23]李涛,周律.污水处理系统中鸟粪石结垢的控制技术[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(18):14-18.Li T,Zhou L.Control Technologies of Struvite Scaling in Wastewater Treatment Systems[J].China Water&Wastewater,2008,24(18):14-18.
[24]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences-an application survey[J].Water research,2014,55:292-303.
[25]吴迪.MBBR在国内的工程应用与发展前景[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(16):22-31.Wu D.Application and Development Prospect of MBBR in China[J].China Water&Wastewater,2018,34(16):22-31.
[26]魏思佳,于德爽,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合脱氮除碳研究Ⅰ:COD/NH4+-N对耦合反应的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):759-767.Wei S J,Yu D S,Li J,et al.Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrificationⅠ:effect of COD/NH4+-N on coupled reaction[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):759-767.
[27]Chamchoi N,Nitisoravut S,Schmidt J E.Inactivation of ANAMMOXcommunities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[28]李冬,杨卓,梁瑜海,等.耦合反硝化的CANON生物滤池脱氮研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1448-1456.Li D,Yang Z,Liang Y H,et al.Nitrogen removal performance by CANON biological filtration with denitrification[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(6):1448-1456.
[29]王春香,刘常敬,郑林雪,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合脱氮系统中反硝化细菌研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1878-1883.Wang C X,Liu C J,Zheng L X,et al.Denitrifying bacteria of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing denitrifying system[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(7):1878-1883.
[30]李冬,杨巧云,曾辉平,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化快速启动CANON工艺[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1307-1314.Li D,Yang Q Y,Zeng H P,et al.The startup of CANON process by starting up simultaneous anammox and denitrification process firstly[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1307-1314.
[31]王维奇,王秀杰,李军,等.部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能研究[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(2):641-647.Wang W Q,Wang X J,Li J,et al.Study on the performance of partial denitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation for nitrogen removal[J].China Environmental Science,2019,39(2):641-647.
[32]Güven D,Dapena A,Kartal B,et al.Propionate oxidation by and methanol inhibition of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,2005,71(2):1066-1071.
[33]刘天琪,金若菲,周集体,等.异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌ADN-42的脱氮特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,(2):989-996.Liu T Q,Jin R F,Zhou J T,et al.Nitrogen-removal characteristic of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification bacterium ADN-42[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,(2):989-996.
[34]宋宇杰,李屹,刘玉香,等.碳源和氮源对异养硝化好氧反硝化菌株Y1脱氮性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2491-2497.Song Y J,Li Y,Liu Y X,et al.Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on nitrogen removal by a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain Y1[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2491-2497.