南海北部湾秋季蓝圆鲹与竹筴鱼的摄食生态及食物竞争
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摘要
【目的】研究南海北部湾海域秋季蓝圆鲹与竹筴鱼的摄食生态特征和种间食物竞争。【方法】采用胃含物分析法,对2017年10月北部湾底拖网调查和港口随机取样收集的119尾蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)和198尾竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)胃含物样品进行分析,通过肉眼直接观察或显微镜间接观察胃中残留的饵料,饵料种类鉴定、计数、称重等对食性做定量分析,以估算两种鱼类的营养级和生态位宽度,并利用生态位重叠研究两种鱼类的食物竞争关系。【结果与结论】蓝圆鲹的饵料种类19种(属),以桡足类和小型鱼类为主,优势饵料生物为布氏半棱鳀(Encrasicholinapunctifer);竹筴鱼的饵料种类18种(属),以小型鱼类和浮游甲壳类为主,优势饵料为中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)。两种鱼类均为游泳动物食性,均存在摄食转换,随着叉长的增长,蓝圆鲹的饵料生物由小型浮游动物为主转变为小型鱼类为主,竹筴鱼的饵料生物由小型鱼类为主转变为以樱虾类和较大鱼类为主。蓝圆鲹和竹筴鱼的空胃率、竹筴鱼的平均胃饱满指数均随个体生长呈显著变化(P<0.05),但蓝圆鲹的平均胃饱满指数随个体生长无显著变化(P>0.05)。蓝圆鲹和竹筴鱼的营养级分别为3.63和3.40,营养生态位宽度分别为1.70和1.24,生态位重叠系数0.56,表明两种鱼类之间存在一定的食物竞争。
【Objective】The present study investigated the feeding habits and feeding competition of Decapterus maruadsi and Trachurus japonicus in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea in autumn.【Method】Based on bottom-trawl survey and fishery ports random sampling conducted in the Beibu Gulf in October 2017, a total of 119 D. maruadsi and 198 T. japonicus stomach contents were analyzed to study diet composition, feeding type, feeding intensity, tropic niche, and trophic level, respectively. Feeding competition between D. maruadsi and T. japonicas were estimated by calculating the niche overlap.【Result and Conclusion】The prey items of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus were 19 and 18 species(genus), and the dominant prey groups were copepods and small fish for D. maruadsi, and planktonic crustaceans and small fish for T. japonicus, Encrasicholina punctifer and Acetes chinensis were the major prey species, respectively. Swimming animals were the dominant prey type of both species.Ontogenetic variations in diet composition of both species were observed, with the increase of forked length, diets of D. maruadsi changed from zooplankton such as copepods to small fish such as E.punctifer; diets of T. japonicus transformed from small fishes such as Acropoma japonicum to cherry shrimp such as A. chinensis and Lucifer hanseni, and fish such as Priacanthus sp. Percentage of empty stomach changed significantly(P < 0.01) in both species, and mean stomach fullness index of D.maruadsi ontogenetic changed insignificantly(P > 0.05), while it ontogenetic changed significantly in T.japonicu(P < 0.05). The trophic levels of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus were 3.63 and 3.40, and the trophic niche widths were 1.70 and 1.24, respectively. The niche overlap coefficient was 0. 56,indicating that there was certain food competition between the two species in the Beibu Gulf in autumn.
【Objective】The present study investigated the feeding habits and feeding competition of Decapterus maruadsi and Trachurus japonicus in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea in autumn.【Method】Based on bottom-trawl survey and fishery ports random sampling conducted in the Beibu Gulf in October 2017, a total of 119 D. maruadsi and 198 T. japonicus stomach contents were analyzed to study diet composition, feeding type, feeding intensity, tropic niche, and trophic level, respectively. Feeding competition between D. maruadsi and T. japonicas were estimated by calculating the niche overlap.【Result and Conclusion】The prey items of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus were 19 and 18 species(genus), and the dominant prey groups were copepods and small fish for D. maruadsi, and planktonic crustaceans and small fish for T. japonicus, Encrasicholina punctifer and Acetes chinensis were the major prey species, respectively. Swimming animals were the dominant prey type of both species.Ontogenetic variations in diet composition of both species were observed, with the increase of forked length, diets of D. maruadsi changed from zooplankton such as copepods to small fish such as E.punctifer; diets of T. japonicus transformed from small fishes such as Acropoma japonicum to cherry shrimp such as A. chinensis and Lucifer hanseni, and fish such as Priacanthus sp. Percentage of empty stomach changed significantly(P < 0.01) in both species, and mean stomach fullness index of D.maruadsi ontogenetic changed insignificantly(P > 0.05), while it ontogenetic changed significantly in T.japonicu(P < 0.05). The trophic levels of D. maruadsi and T. japonicus were 3.63 and 3.40, and the trophic niche widths were 1.70 and 1.24, respectively. The niche overlap coefficient was 0. 56,indicating that there was certain food competition between the two species in the Beibu Gulf in autumn.
引文
[1]唐启升,苏纪兰.中国海洋生态系统动力学研究Ⅰ,关键科学问题与研究发展战略[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[2]邓景耀,杨纪明.渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究[J].中国水产科学,1997,4(4):1-7.
[3]曹宁,高健.东海竹荚鱼的开发利用和区域共同管理探讨[J].农业经济与管理,2006(5):25-29.
[4]颜云榕,张武科,卢伙胜,等.应用碳、氮稳定同位素研究北部湾带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)食性及营养级[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(1):192-200.
[5]林龙山,张寒野,李惠玉,等.东海带鱼食性的季节变化[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):932-936.
[6]牛素芳,吴仁协,张丽艳,等.基于Cytb基因序列的南海北部蓝圆鲹群体遗传多样性研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2018,37(2):116-126.
[7]牛素芳,苏永全,王军,等.福建近海蓝圆鲹群体遗传结构分析[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),2012,51(4):759-766.
[8]张丽艳,牛素芳,张曼,等.基于AFLP分子标记探讨福建近海竹荚鱼群体遗传多样性[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(1):120-125.
[9]张丽艳,苏永全,丁少雄,等.福建近海蓝圆鲹种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].水产学报,2010,34(5):680-687.
[10]陈国宝,邱永松.南海北部陆架区蓝圆鲹的生长、死亡及合理利用研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2003,22(4):457-464.
[11]张杰,张其永.闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹种群的年龄结构和生长特性[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(2):209-218.
[12]OHSHIMO S,YODA M,ITASAKA N,et al.Age,growth and reproductive characteristics of round scad Decapterus maruadsi in the waters off west Kyushu,the east China Sea[J].Fisheries Sci,2010,72(4):855-859.
[13]李建生,严利平,凌建忠.东海中南部竹筴鱼资源现状及其合理利用[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(5):772-781.
[14]范江涛,黄梓荣,许友伟,等.基于遥感数据的南海北部近海蓝圆鲹栖息地模型分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2018(3):142-147.
[15]耿平,张魁,陈作志,等.北部湾蓝圆鲹生物学特征及开发状态的年际变化[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(6):1-9.
[16]ZHENG J,WALTERS C J.Population dynamics and stock assessment of Wanshan Spring Decapterus maruadsi(T.&S.)in South China Sea[J].Fish Res,1988,6(3):217-231.
[17]蒋日进,徐汉祥,金海卫,等.东海蓝圆鲹的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):216-227.
[18]黄美珍.台湾海峡蓝圆鲹的食性研究[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):399-406.
[19]蒋日进,金海卫,周永东,等.东海竹筴鱼的食性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):2015-2024.
[20]陈颖涵.北部湾主要鱼类食性的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2013.
[21]杨璐,曹文清,林元烧,等.夏季北部湾九种经济鱼类的食性类型及营养生态位初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(2):66-75.
[22]张月平.南海北部湾主要鱼类食物网[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(5):621-631.
[23]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查(GB/T 12763.6-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[24]束蕴芳,韩茂森.中国海洋浮游生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993.
[25]刘瑞玉.南海对虾类[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.
[26]成庆泰.中国鱼类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[27]FIGUEIREDO M,MORATO T,BARREIROS J P,et al.Feeding ecology of the white seabream,Diplodus sargus,and the ballan wrasse,Labrus bergylta,in the Azores[J].Fish Res,2005,75(1):107-119.
[28]HYSLOP E J.Stomach content analysis-a review of methods and their application[J].J Fish Biol,1980,17(4):411-429.
[29]CORTèS E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1997,54(54):726-738.
[30]CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N.Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research(Primer)Version 5:User Manual/Tutorial[M].Primer-E Ltd,Plymouth,UK,2001.
[31]MEARNS A J,OLSON R J,YOUNG D R,et al.Trophic structure and the cesium-potassium ratio in pelagic ecosystems[J].CalCOFI Rep,1981,22:99-110.
[32]张波,唐启升.渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究[J].海洋科学进展,2004,22(4):393-404.
[33]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell Labs Tech J,1950,3(9):31-32.
[34]PIANKA E R.The structure of lizard communities[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1973,4:53-74.
[35]KEAST A.Trophic and spatial interrelationships in the fish species of an Ontario temperate lake[J].Environ Biol Fish,1978,3(1):7-31.
[36]许莉莉,薛莹,徐宾铎,等.海州湾大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):608-620.
[37]张宇美,代春桃,颜云榕,等.北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷摄食习性和营养级[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):265-273.
[38]张波,金显仕,戴芳群.长江口两种重要石首鱼类的摄食习性[J].动物学报,2008,54(2):209-217.
[39]周婉霞,薄治礼.浙江近海蓝圆鲹食性的研究[J].东海海洋,1986,4(2):65-74.
[40]林龙山,程家骅,凌建忠,等.东海区主要经济鱼类开捕规格的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(2):250-256.
[41]CROZIER W W.Observations on the food and feeding of the angler‐fish,Lophim piscatorius L.,in the northern Irish Sea[J].J Fish Biol,2010,27(5):655-665.
[42]张学健,程家骅,沈伟,等.黄海南部黄鮟鱇摄食生态[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3117-3125.
[43]李忠义,戴芳群,左涛,等.长江口及南黄海水域秋季小黄鱼与皮氏叫姑鱼的食物竞争[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):66-72.
[2]邓景耀,杨纪明.渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究[J].中国水产科学,1997,4(4):1-7.
[3]曹宁,高健.东海竹荚鱼的开发利用和区域共同管理探讨[J].农业经济与管理,2006(5):25-29.
[4]颜云榕,张武科,卢伙胜,等.应用碳、氮稳定同位素研究北部湾带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)食性及营养级[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(1):192-200.
[5]林龙山,张寒野,李惠玉,等.东海带鱼食性的季节变化[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):932-936.
[6]牛素芳,吴仁协,张丽艳,等.基于Cytb基因序列的南海北部蓝圆鲹群体遗传多样性研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2018,37(2):116-126.
[7]牛素芳,苏永全,王军,等.福建近海蓝圆鲹群体遗传结构分析[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),2012,51(4):759-766.
[8]张丽艳,牛素芳,张曼,等.基于AFLP分子标记探讨福建近海竹荚鱼群体遗传多样性[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2014,53(1):120-125.
[9]张丽艳,苏永全,丁少雄,等.福建近海蓝圆鲹种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].水产学报,2010,34(5):680-687.
[10]陈国宝,邱永松.南海北部陆架区蓝圆鲹的生长、死亡及合理利用研究[J].应用海洋学学报,2003,22(4):457-464.
[11]张杰,张其永.闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹种群的年龄结构和生长特性[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(2):209-218.
[12]OHSHIMO S,YODA M,ITASAKA N,et al.Age,growth and reproductive characteristics of round scad Decapterus maruadsi in the waters off west Kyushu,the east China Sea[J].Fisheries Sci,2010,72(4):855-859.
[13]李建生,严利平,凌建忠.东海中南部竹筴鱼资源现状及其合理利用[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(5):772-781.
[14]范江涛,黄梓荣,许友伟,等.基于遥感数据的南海北部近海蓝圆鲹栖息地模型分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2018(3):142-147.
[15]耿平,张魁,陈作志,等.北部湾蓝圆鲹生物学特征及开发状态的年际变化[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(6):1-9.
[16]ZHENG J,WALTERS C J.Population dynamics and stock assessment of Wanshan Spring Decapterus maruadsi(T.&S.)in South China Sea[J].Fish Res,1988,6(3):217-231.
[17]蒋日进,徐汉祥,金海卫,等.东海蓝圆鲹的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):216-227.
[18]黄美珍.台湾海峡蓝圆鲹的食性研究[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):399-406.
[19]蒋日进,金海卫,周永东,等.东海竹筴鱼的食性[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):2015-2024.
[20]陈颖涵.北部湾主要鱼类食性的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2013.
[21]杨璐,曹文清,林元烧,等.夏季北部湾九种经济鱼类的食性类型及营养生态位初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(2):66-75.
[22]张月平.南海北部湾主要鱼类食物网[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(5):621-631.
[23]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查(GB/T 12763.6-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[24]束蕴芳,韩茂森.中国海洋浮游生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993.
[25]刘瑞玉.南海对虾类[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.
[26]成庆泰.中国鱼类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[27]FIGUEIREDO M,MORATO T,BARREIROS J P,et al.Feeding ecology of the white seabream,Diplodus sargus,and the ballan wrasse,Labrus bergylta,in the Azores[J].Fish Res,2005,75(1):107-119.
[28]HYSLOP E J.Stomach content analysis-a review of methods and their application[J].J Fish Biol,1980,17(4):411-429.
[29]CORTèS E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1997,54(54):726-738.
[30]CLARKE K R,GORLEY R N.Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research(Primer)Version 5:User Manual/Tutorial[M].Primer-E Ltd,Plymouth,UK,2001.
[31]MEARNS A J,OLSON R J,YOUNG D R,et al.Trophic structure and the cesium-potassium ratio in pelagic ecosystems[J].CalCOFI Rep,1981,22:99-110.
[32]张波,唐启升.渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究[J].海洋科学进展,2004,22(4):393-404.
[33]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell Labs Tech J,1950,3(9):31-32.
[34]PIANKA E R.The structure of lizard communities[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1973,4:53-74.
[35]KEAST A.Trophic and spatial interrelationships in the fish species of an Ontario temperate lake[J].Environ Biol Fish,1978,3(1):7-31.
[36]许莉莉,薛莹,徐宾铎,等.海州湾大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):608-620.
[37]张宇美,代春桃,颜云榕,等.北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷摄食习性和营养级[J].水产学报,2014,38(2):265-273.
[38]张波,金显仕,戴芳群.长江口两种重要石首鱼类的摄食习性[J].动物学报,2008,54(2):209-217.
[39]周婉霞,薄治礼.浙江近海蓝圆鲹食性的研究[J].东海海洋,1986,4(2):65-74.
[40]林龙山,程家骅,凌建忠,等.东海区主要经济鱼类开捕规格的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(2):250-256.
[41]CROZIER W W.Observations on the food and feeding of the angler‐fish,Lophim piscatorius L.,in the northern Irish Sea[J].J Fish Biol,2010,27(5):655-665.
[42]张学健,程家骅,沈伟,等.黄海南部黄鮟鱇摄食生态[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3117-3125.
[43]李忠义,戴芳群,左涛,等.长江口及南黄海水域秋季小黄鱼与皮氏叫姑鱼的食物竞争[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):66-72.
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