性别对舍饲牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究性别对舍饲牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响。试验选取12头2.5岁、初重为(150.30±9.27) kg的健康麦洼牦牛,按性别分为2组,每组6头。试验牦牛在同一饲养条件下进行舍饲育肥,预试期为14 d,正试期为168 d。结果表明:1)在整个舍饲育肥期间,公牦牛组平均日采食量均高于母牦牛组,第19周公牦牛组的平均日采食量显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),其余各周组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。公牦牛组末重和平均日增重显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),料重比有低于母牦牛组的趋势(P=0.080)。2)母牦牛组有机物表观消化率显著高于公牦牛组(P<0.05),其余养分表观消化率组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)公牦牛组宰前活重显著高于母牦牛组(P<0.05),胴体重和净肉重有高于母牦牛组的趋势(P=0.078,P=0.058),而净肉率和屠宰率显著低于母牦牛组(P<0.05),其余指标组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,在相同舍饲育肥条件下,母牦牛具有更好的屠宰性能并且有机物表观消化率更高,而公牦牛具有更好的生长性能。
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of gender on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and slaughter performance of house-feeding yaks. Twelve healthy Maiwa yaks with 2.5 years of age and an initial body weight of (150.30±9.27) kg were divided into 2 groups with 6 yaks per group based on gender. All yaks were reared and finished under an identical management condition. The pretest period lasted for 14 days and the trial lasted for 168 days. The result showed as follows: 1) during the whole period of house-feeding,the average daily feed intake of the male yaks group was higher than that of the female yaks group,the average daily feed intake of the male yaks group was significantly higher than that of the female yaks group in the 19 th week (P<0.05),and other weeks were not found significant difference (P>0.05). The final body weight and average daily gain of the male yaks group were significantly higher than those of the female yaks group (P<0.05),and the feed/gain had a lowtendency than the female yaks group (P = 0.080). 2) Compared with the male yaks group,only a higher apparent digestibility of organic matter was found in the female yaks group (P < 0. 05),while the other nutrient apparent digestibility had no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the female yaks group,pre-slaughter live weight of male yaks group was significantly increased (P<0.05),the carcass weight and the net meat weight were tended to be higher than those of the female yaks group (P = 0. 078,P = 0. 058),but the net meat ratio and the slaughter ratio were significantly reduced (P < 0. 05),Other indicators were found no significant different between groups (P> 0. 05). In conclusion,under the same management conditions,the female yaks have better slaughter performance and higher apparent digestibility of organic matter,while the male yaks have better growth performance.
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of gender on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and slaughter performance of house-feeding yaks. Twelve healthy Maiwa yaks with 2.5 years of age and an initial body weight of (150.30±9.27) kg were divided into 2 groups with 6 yaks per group based on gender. All yaks were reared and finished under an identical management condition. The pretest period lasted for 14 days and the trial lasted for 168 days. The result showed as follows: 1) during the whole period of house-feeding,the average daily feed intake of the male yaks group was higher than that of the female yaks group,the average daily feed intake of the male yaks group was significantly higher than that of the female yaks group in the 19 th week (P<0.05),and other weeks were not found significant difference (P>0.05). The final body weight and average daily gain of the male yaks group were significantly higher than those of the female yaks group (P<0.05),and the feed/gain had a lowtendency than the female yaks group (P = 0.080). 2) Compared with the male yaks group,only a higher apparent digestibility of organic matter was found in the female yaks group (P < 0. 05),while the other nutrient apparent digestibility had no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the female yaks group,pre-slaughter live weight of male yaks group was significantly increased (P<0.05),the carcass weight and the net meat weight were tended to be higher than those of the female yaks group (P = 0. 078,P = 0. 058),but the net meat ratio and the slaughter ratio were significantly reduced (P < 0. 05),Other indicators were found no significant different between groups (P> 0. 05). In conclusion,under the same management conditions,the female yaks have better slaughter performance and higher apparent digestibility of organic matter,while the male yaks have better growth performance.
引文
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[16]吴秋珏,徐廷生,黄定洲.影响反刍动物干物质采食量的因素[J].饲料与畜牧,2006(12):31-34.
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[19]DE VARGAS JUNIOR F M,MARTINS C F,DOSSANTOS PINTO G,et al.The effect of sex and genotype on grow th performance,feed efficiency,and carcass traits of local sheep group Pantaneiro and Texel or Santa Inês crossbred finished on feedlot[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2014,46(5):869-875.
[20]朱光星.秦川肉牛、荷斯坦奶牛及其杂交后代生长发育规律与肉用性能研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[21]RODRGUEZ A B,BODAS R,LANDA R,et al.Animal performance,carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and M erino×Assaf grow ing lambs[J].Livestock Science,2011,138(1/2/3):13-19.
[22]FIELD R A.Effect of castration on meat quality and quantity[J].Journal of Animal Science,1971,32(5):849-858.
[23]SETIYONO S,KUSUMA A H A,RUSMAN R.Effect of breed,age,and sex on quality of beef in special region of Yogyakarta[J].Buletin Peternakan,2017,41(2):176-186.
[24]李万栋,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.不同营养水平对生长期舍饲牦牛生长性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(17):42-46.
[25]曹山川,黄溢,杨跃奎,等.饲粮磷水平和采食量对生长猪磷消化率评定的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(11):30-34.
[26]MULDOWNEY D,CONNOLLY J,KEANE M G.Compositional data analysis in the study of carcass composition of beef cattle[J].Livestock Production Science,2001,67(3):241-251.
[27]ZAJULIE M I,NASICH M,SUSILAWATI T,et al.Distribusi komponen karkas sapi Brahman Cross(BX)hasil penggemukan pada umur pemotongan yang berbeda[J].Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan,2015,25(1):24-34.
[2]BURED,BARTOL.Growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of bulls and heifers slaughtered at different ages[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2012,57(1):34-43.
[3]徐瑛.年龄对牦牛肉肉用品质及钙激活酶活性影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[4]万红玲,雒林通,吴建平.牦牛肉品质特性研究进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2012,31(1):36-40.
[5]曹兵海.2017年肉牛牦牛产业发展趋势与政策建议[J].中国畜牧业,2017(6):26-27.
[6]牛珺.牦牛胴体产量和质量等级评定研究[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.
[7]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,中国农业大学.NY/T815-2004肉牛饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 23742-2009饲料中盐酸不溶灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2014饲料中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[10]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433-2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6438-2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[15]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16]吴秋珏,徐廷生,黄定洲.影响反刍动物干物质采食量的因素[J].饲料与畜牧,2006(12):31-34.
[17]张兵,俞春山.影响反刍动物干物质采食量的因素[J].饲料博览,2010(7):21-23.
[18]字向东,钟光辉,文勇立,等.九龙牦牛生长发育与肉用性能研究[J].草与畜杂志,1996(3):1-4.
[19]DE VARGAS JUNIOR F M,MARTINS C F,DOSSANTOS PINTO G,et al.The effect of sex and genotype on grow th performance,feed efficiency,and carcass traits of local sheep group Pantaneiro and Texel or Santa Inês crossbred finished on feedlot[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2014,46(5):869-875.
[20]朱光星.秦川肉牛、荷斯坦奶牛及其杂交后代生长发育规律与肉用性能研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[21]RODRGUEZ A B,BODAS R,LANDA R,et al.Animal performance,carcass traits and meat characteristics of Assaf and M erino×Assaf grow ing lambs[J].Livestock Science,2011,138(1/2/3):13-19.
[22]FIELD R A.Effect of castration on meat quality and quantity[J].Journal of Animal Science,1971,32(5):849-858.
[23]SETIYONO S,KUSUMA A H A,RUSMAN R.Effect of breed,age,and sex on quality of beef in special region of Yogyakarta[J].Buletin Peternakan,2017,41(2):176-186.
[24]李万栋,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.不同营养水平对生长期舍饲牦牛生长性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(17):42-46.
[25]曹山川,黄溢,杨跃奎,等.饲粮磷水平和采食量对生长猪磷消化率评定的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(11):30-34.
[26]MULDOWNEY D,CONNOLLY J,KEANE M G.Compositional data analysis in the study of carcass composition of beef cattle[J].Livestock Production Science,2001,67(3):241-251.
[27]ZAJULIE M I,NASICH M,SUSILAWATI T,et al.Distribusi komponen karkas sapi Brahman Cross(BX)hasil penggemukan pada umur pemotongan yang berbeda[J].Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan,2015,25(1):24-34.