柴西狮子沟地区古近系下干柴沟组混积岩储层特征及影响因素分析
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摘要
柴西地区属于柴达木盆地咸化湖盆沉积中心,柴西咸化阶段持续时间长、湖盆分布范围广,渐新统湖相混积岩具有重要勘探潜力。通过对狮子沟地区样品进行岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定及扫描电镜、电子探针分析,研究储层岩性、物性及储集空间特征,分析储层影响因素及形成机理。狮子沟地区储层具有混合沉积的特征,岩石矿物成分主要为碳酸盐岩和碎屑颗粒,但两者的相对含量均未超过50%;混积岩成因类型为相混合,以组构混合岩为主,见层系混合岩及少量生物混合岩,样品普遍含有盐类矿物。储层为特低渗-特低孔储层,连通性差,X衍射成分分析碳酸盐岩含量为10.9%~47.0%,平均为32.1%,同时孔隙度与碳酸盐岩含量具有很好的正相关关系;样品的储集空间主要为盐类矿物溶蚀孔、白云石晶间孔及裂缝;影响储层发育的主要成岩作用为胶结作用和白云石化作用,尤其盐类矿物胶结抑制了后期成岩作用,形成局部高压;灰质含量高及咸化环境为白云石化作用发生的重要条件,压实弱,先后两期的胶结作用,特别是晚期胶结的盐类矿物为溶蚀作用发生的主要部位。
Western Qaidam Basin belongs to the sedimentary center of the saline lake basin in Qaidam Basin.Salinization stage of the western Qaidam Basin lasts for a long time,and the lake basin is widely distributed.Therefore the Oligocene lacustrine carbonate rock has great exploration potential.Based on core observation,rock slice identification,and the analysis of scanning electron microscope and electron spectrum of the samples of Shizigou area,the features of reservoir lithology,reservoir physical property and reservoir space are studied,and reservoir influential factors and forming mechanism are analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows.( 1)The reservoir has characters of mixed deposit.The mineral composition is mainly carbonate and clastic grain,but neither of relative content is over 50%.The genetic type of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic rock or sucession is facies mixed.Fabric mixed is the main type,layer series mixed is the second type,and a few biological mixedtype is found.The samples generally contain saline minerals.( 2) The results of physical property analysis and X diffraction components testing show that the reservoir is super-low permeable and super-low porous,and its connectivity is poor.The content of carbonate rock composition is in the range of 10.9% to 47.0%,with an average of 32.1%.At the same time,porosity and carbonate content have a good positive correlation.( 3) The reservoir space of the samples is mainly saline mineral dissolved pore,dolomite intercrystal pore and fracture.( 4) The diagenesis of the reservoir is mainly cementation and dolomitization.Especially the cementation of the saline minerals suppresses the later diagenesis,forming local high pressure.The important conditions of dolomitization are high carbonate content and saline environments.The compaction of reservoir is weak.The reservoir experiences two cementation periods.The saline minerals which cementated in the later period are the main dissolution parts.
Western Qaidam Basin belongs to the sedimentary center of the saline lake basin in Qaidam Basin.Salinization stage of the western Qaidam Basin lasts for a long time,and the lake basin is widely distributed.Therefore the Oligocene lacustrine carbonate rock has great exploration potential.Based on core observation,rock slice identification,and the analysis of scanning electron microscope and electron spectrum of the samples of Shizigou area,the features of reservoir lithology,reservoir physical property and reservoir space are studied,and reservoir influential factors and forming mechanism are analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows.( 1)The reservoir has characters of mixed deposit.The mineral composition is mainly carbonate and clastic grain,but neither of relative content is over 50%.The genetic type of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic rock or sucession is facies mixed.Fabric mixed is the main type,layer series mixed is the second type,and a few biological mixedtype is found.The samples generally contain saline minerals.( 2) The results of physical property analysis and X diffraction components testing show that the reservoir is super-low permeable and super-low porous,and its connectivity is poor.The content of carbonate rock composition is in the range of 10.9% to 47.0%,with an average of 32.1%.At the same time,porosity and carbonate content have a good positive correlation.( 3) The reservoir space of the samples is mainly saline mineral dissolved pore,dolomite intercrystal pore and fracture.( 4) The diagenesis of the reservoir is mainly cementation and dolomitization.Especially the cementation of the saline minerals suppresses the later diagenesis,forming local high pressure.The important conditions of dolomitization are high carbonate content and saline environments.The compaction of reservoir is weak.The reservoir experiences two cementation periods.The saline minerals which cementated in the later period are the main dissolution parts.
引文
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[26]尚尔杰.柴达木盆地北缘西段第三系构造基本样式及石油地质意义[J].现代地质,2001,15(4):421-424.
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[31]黄成刚,袁剑英,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆碎屑岩储层中铁白云石的溶蚀作用模拟实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(5):650-655.
[32]刘玉华,王祥.含油气盆地超压背景下油气成藏条件述评[J].断块油气田,2011,18(1):55-58.
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[34]丁康乐,李术元,岳长涛,等.硫酸盐热化学还原反应的研究进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):150-155.
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[36]樊启顺,马海州,谭红兵,等.柴达木盆地西部油田卤水的硫同位素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(2):137-142.
[37]韩佳君,周训,姜长龙,等.柴达木盆地西部地下卤水水化学特征及其起源演化[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1454-1464.
[38]蔡春芳,蔡镠璐,张俊,等.川东北飞仙关组甲烷为主的TSR及其同位素分馏作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):889-894.
[39]黄思静,胡作维,邹明亮,等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组硫酸盐还原作用对碳酸盐成岩作用的影响[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):815-824.
[2]陈启林.大型咸化湖盆地层岩性油气藏有利条件与勘探方向——以柴达木盆地柴西南古近纪为例[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):46-51.
[3]甘贵元,魏成章,常青萍,等.柴达木盆地南翼山湖相碳酸盐岩油气藏特征及形成条件[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(5):413-417.
[4]冯进来,曹剑,胡凯,等.柴达木盆地中深层混积岩储层形成机制[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2461-2472.
[5]马新民,刘池洋,罗金海,等.柴达木盆地上干柴沟组时代归属及代号变更建议[J].现代地质,2014,28(6):1266-1272.
[6]马新民,司丹,马峰,等.柴达木盆地北缘马北地区古今构造与油气藏的耦合[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):131-138.
[7]刘群明,陈开远,王键,等.柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系重矿物物源分析[J].现代地质,2011,25(2):315-321.
[8]张宁生,任晓娟,魏金星,等.柴达木盆地南翼山混积岩储层岩石类型及其与油气分布的关系[J].石油学报,2006,27(1):42-46.
[9]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.
[10]付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):672-682.
[11]袁剑英,黄成刚,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆白云岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义——以柴西地区始新统下干柴沟组为例[J].地球化学,2015,44(3):254-266.
[12]吴丽荣,黄成刚,袁剑英,等.咸化湖盆混积岩中双重孔隙介质及其油气储集意义[J].地球科学与环境学报,2015,37(2):59–67.
[13]霍沈君,杨香华,王清斌,等.黄河口凹陷H-1构造沙河街组混积岩储层控制因素[J].现代地质,2015,29(6):1348-1358.
[14]司马立强,杨毅,吴丰,等.柴西北小梁山地区狮子沟组混积岩储层评价[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):173-180.
[15]祝彦贺,颜耀敏,王英民,等.碎屑岩与火山岩混积岩系层序地层学研究初探——以准噶尔盆地西北缘佳木河组为例[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):255-263.
[16]肖建新,杨建民,林畅松,等.广西金牙金矿床百逢组沉积特征及其与金矿的关系[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):269-273.
[17]张锦泉,叶红专.论碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积[J].成都地质学院学报,1989,16(2):87-92.
[18]郭福生,严兆彬,杜杨松.混合沉积、混积岩和混积层系的讨论[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):40-45.
[19]徐伟,陈开远,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆混积岩成因机理研究[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1804-1816.
[20]崔俊,张小波,邓文,等.柴达木盆地第三系致密砂岩储层特征[J].青海石油,2012,30(2):12-17.
[21]尹成明,江波,韩秦鹏,等.柴达木盆地石油勘探潜力及勘探方向[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(6):38-41.
[22]李海,汤达祯,许浩,等.柴达木盆地狮子沟油田渐新统油气成藏期次[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(3):30-36.
[23]李元奎,铁占元,王波,等.柴达木盆地狮子沟构造N1—E(1+2)裂缝性储层评价及油气富集控制因素[J].青海石油,2010,28(2):1-6.
[24]王信国,曹代勇,占文锋,等.柴达木盆地北缘中、新生代盆地性质及构造演化[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):592-596.
[25]蒋宏忱,于炳松,王黎栋,等.柴达木盆地西部红狮凹陷第三系下干柴沟组层序地层格架[J].现代地质,2002,16(4):382-388.
[26]尚尔杰.柴达木盆地北缘西段第三系构造基本样式及石油地质意义[J].现代地质,2001,15(4):421-424.
[27]李潍莲,刘震,徐樟有,等.柴达木盆地油气藏特征分析及对油气勘探的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):18-24.
[28]高霞,谢庆宾.浅析膏盐岩发育与油气成藏的关系[J].石油地质与工程,2007,21(1):9-11.
[29]赵加凡,陈小宏,金龙.柴达木盆地第三纪盐湖沉积环境分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(3):342-346.
[30]李鹤永,刘震,党玉琪,等.柴达木盆地西部地区地温—地压系统演化及其与油气成藏的关系[J].地质科学,2006,41(4):564-577.
[31]黄成刚,袁剑英,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆碎屑岩储层中铁白云石的溶蚀作用模拟实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(5):650-655.
[32]刘玉华,王祥.含油气盆地超压背景下油气成藏条件述评[J].断块油气田,2011,18(1):55-58.
[33]MACHEL H G.Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings:old and new insights[J].Sedimentary Geology,2001,140:143-175.
[34]丁康乐,李术元,岳长涛,等.硫酸盐热化学还原反应的研究进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):150-155.
[35]张永成,王洪辉,李应祥,等.青海油田三厂硫化氢形成机理及腐蚀性研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(1):151-155.
[36]樊启顺,马海州,谭红兵,等.柴达木盆地西部油田卤水的硫同位素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(2):137-142.
[37]韩佳君,周训,姜长龙,等.柴达木盆地西部地下卤水水化学特征及其起源演化[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):1454-1464.
[38]蔡春芳,蔡镠璐,张俊,等.川东北飞仙关组甲烷为主的TSR及其同位素分馏作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):889-894.
[39]黄思静,胡作维,邹明亮,等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组硫酸盐还原作用对碳酸盐成岩作用的影响[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):815-824.