直流大功率无极性换流式多触头接触器设计与试验研究
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摘要
为快速切断直流高压、大电流的负载,提出了一种无极性大额定电流、高分断能力的直流接触器灭弧室触头结构。灭弧室采用通流支路与灭弧支路相并联的触头结构,通过设计通流支路触头降低接触电阻,解决了承载大电流时的触头温升,进而提高了开关的额定电流等级。在分断过载电流时,能在极短时间将大电流转移到灭弧支路上,在氢气及混合气氛环境下依靠磁吹系统由多组串联的灭弧支路触头完成回路分断,提高了适用电压等级。经试验验证,所提换流式触头结构的接触器在导通阶段接触电阻小,能快速切断直流1 100 V、1 100 A的过载电流。试验后通流支路触头未见明显烧蚀痕迹,灭弧支路触头具有分断更高电压等级的能力,有效提高了接触器的分断能力及使用寿命。
A contact structure suitable for non-polarity,large rated current and high breaking capacity was proposed,which provides a new idea for quickly cutting off DC high voltage and large current load.The arc chamber adopts a contact structure in which the through-flow branch and the arc-extinguishing branch are connected in parallel.The contact resistance is reduced by designing the contact form of the through-flow branch,thereby solving the temperature rise of the contact when carrying a large current and improving the rated current of the switch.The large current can be transferred to the arc extinguishing branch in a very short time(several hundred microseconds) when breaking the overload current,and the circuit is cut by arc extinguishing contacts under the hydrogen and mixed atmosphere environment.It is verified by experiments that the contact resistance of this structure is very small during the conduction phase and the overload current of DC 1100 V and 1100 A is cut off quickly.There is no obvious ablation on the contact of the through-flow branch after the experiment and the arc-extinguishing branch contact has the ability to break the higher voltage level.This structure can effectively improve the breaking capacity and service life of the contactor.
A contact structure suitable for non-polarity,large rated current and high breaking capacity was proposed,which provides a new idea for quickly cutting off DC high voltage and large current load.The arc chamber adopts a contact structure in which the through-flow branch and the arc-extinguishing branch are connected in parallel.The contact resistance is reduced by designing the contact form of the through-flow branch,thereby solving the temperature rise of the contact when carrying a large current and improving the rated current of the switch.The large current can be transferred to the arc extinguishing branch in a very short time(several hundred microseconds) when breaking the overload current,and the circuit is cut by arc extinguishing contacts under the hydrogen and mixed atmosphere environment.It is verified by experiments that the contact resistance of this structure is very small during the conduction phase and the overload current of DC 1100 V and 1100 A is cut off quickly.There is no obvious ablation on the contact of the through-flow branch after the experiment and the arc-extinguishing branch contact has the ability to break the higher voltage level.This structure can effectively improve the breaking capacity and service life of the contactor.
引文
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[15] 蒋顾平,李小利,周荣伟.DC 1500 V光伏塑壳断路器设计[J].电器与能效管理技术,2017(10):39-42.
[16] 朱志豪,赵芳帅,袁端磊,等.城市轨道交通大容量直流快速断路器的研发[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):417-423.
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[2] 荣命哲,杨飞,吴翊,等.直流断路器电弧研究的新进展[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(1):1-9.
[3] 李兴文.低压断路器研发新技术综述[J].电器与能效管理技术,2015(9):1-7,14.
[4] 翟国富,薄凯,周学,等.直流大功率继电器电弧研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):251-263.
[5] 翟国富,崔行磊,杨文英.电磁继电器产品及研究技术发展综述[J].电器与能效管理技术,2016(2):1-8.
[6] 张国军,宋飞凡,代国印,等.高压无弧直流断路器设计与仿真[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(11):1199-1203.
[7] 张超,刘路辉,徐国顺,等.新型直流真空断路器强迫换流分断特性[J].高压电器,2017,53(3):141-146.
[8] 廖园,焦琳,邹竟成,等.横向磁场与分断速度对触头分断燃弧特性和侵蚀的试验研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2018(12):7-14.
[9] 魏江,宗天元,黄靖,等.环境气氛对继电器触点性能影响的研究进展[J].电工材料,2017(1):23-28.
[10] MATAUMOTO S,YOKOMIZU Y,HIRATA S,et al.Arc behavior in rotary-arc type of load-break switch and its current-interrupting capability for different environmentally benign gases and electrode materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Power & Energy,2006,125(11):1070-1076.
[11] 辛超,武建文.直流氢气-氮气混合气体电弧开断过程实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(13):117-124.
[12] SHIBA Y,MORISHITA Y,KANEKO S,et al.Study of DC circuit breaker of H2-N2 gas mixture for high voltage[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2010,174(2):9-17.
[13] YASUDA K,ARAZOE S,IGARASHI T,et al.Comparison of the insulation characteristics of environmentally-friendly oils[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):791-798.
[14] 霍文磊,武建文,金巍,等.曲面触头真空电弧形态及电弧电压特性研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2016(7):6-10,69.
[15] 蒋顾平,李小利,周荣伟.DC 1500 V光伏塑壳断路器设计[J].电器与能效管理技术,2017(10):39-42.
[16] 朱志豪,赵芳帅,袁端磊,等.城市轨道交通大容量直流快速断路器的研发[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):417-423.
[17] 陈默,周学,乔鑫磊.高压直流大功率电弧及电烧蚀特性的实验研究[J].机电元件,2016,36(5):49-53.