基于感应式振荡冲击耐压试验的变压器故障诊断技术
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摘要
目前,对变压器进行感应式振荡型操作冲击耐压试验,并采用多种诊断方式对其进行故障诊断的相关研究尚不成熟。为此对一台220kV三相油浸式变压器在短路冲击试验前后进行了感应式振荡操作冲击耐压试验,测量并分析了高低压绕组上的电压波形、中性点示伤电流、局部放电(PD)信号和电压传递函数的变化规律,并与变压器的解体结果进行对比,研究了变压器绕组的机械和绝缘故障对诊断参量的影响。试验结果表明:电压波形、示伤电流和电压传递函数能同时检测到绕组的机械和绝缘故障,而局部放电检测只能反映绝缘故障;机械故障对诊断参量的影响在较低试验电压下就会显现,而绝缘故障对诊断参量的影响在较高试验电压下才会显现;传递函数和局部放电信号对故障的灵敏度较高,电压波形和示伤电流能判断故障所在的绕组。研究验证了感应式振荡操作冲击耐压试验对变压器故障诊断的可行性和有效性,证明该诊断方式可有效检测到变压器绕组的机械和绝缘状态。
At present, there are few deeply researches on adopting oscillating switching impulse(OSI) voltage withstand test on transformers and on diagnosing by multiply methods. Consequently, we experimentally investigated the inductive OSI voltage withstand on a 220kV three-phase oil immersed transformer before and after the short-circuit impact tests. Voltage waveforms on high-voltage windings and low-voltage windings, neutral point indication current, partial discharge(PD) signal and voltage transfer function were analyzed comprehensively and compared with the teardown results of a transformer to research how the mechanical and insulation defects affect these characteristics. The results show that the voltage waveforms, neutral point indication current and voltage transfer function can detect both mechanical and insulation defects, while the PD signal can only reflects insulation defects. The effect of mechanical defects on the characteristics will occur at a low test voltage level while the effect of insulation defects will occur at a high test voltage level. Transfer function and PD signal are more sensitive to defects while voltage waveform and neutral point indication current could locate the defective wingdings. The study verifies that the application of inductive OSI voltage withstand test on transformer fault diagnosis is feasible and effective. The results also show that this diagnosis method can detect mechanical faults and insulation faults in transformers.
At present, there are few deeply researches on adopting oscillating switching impulse(OSI) voltage withstand test on transformers and on diagnosing by multiply methods. Consequently, we experimentally investigated the inductive OSI voltage withstand on a 220kV three-phase oil immersed transformer before and after the short-circuit impact tests. Voltage waveforms on high-voltage windings and low-voltage windings, neutral point indication current, partial discharge(PD) signal and voltage transfer function were analyzed comprehensively and compared with the teardown results of a transformer to research how the mechanical and insulation defects affect these characteristics. The results show that the voltage waveforms, neutral point indication current and voltage transfer function can detect both mechanical and insulation defects, while the PD signal can only reflects insulation defects. The effect of mechanical defects on the characteristics will occur at a low test voltage level while the effect of insulation defects will occur at a high test voltage level. Transfer function and PD signal are more sensitive to defects while voltage waveform and neutral point indication current could locate the defective wingdings. The study verifies that the application of inductive OSI voltage withstand test on transformer fault diagnosis is feasible and effective. The results also show that this diagnosis method can detect mechanical faults and insulation faults in transformers.
引文
[1]International electrotechnical commission I:EC60060-3[S],2005.
[2]梁建锋,李军浩,张亮,等.基于IEC 60060-3标准的变压器感应式操作冲击电压产生方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2014,33(6):75-80.LIANG Jianfeng,LI Junhao,ZHANG Liang,et al.Study of transformer inductive oscillating switching impulse voltage generation method based on IEC 60060-3 standard[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2014,33(6):75-80.
[3]LIANG J F,ZHANG L,LI J H,et al.Study on oscillating switching impulse voltage generation for power transformer onsite test[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(5):2223-2230.
[4]李继胜,赵学风,张振权,等.电力设备现场耐压试验用振荡冲击波产生的仿真研究[J].高压电器,2009,45(9):54-60.LI Jisheng,ZHAO Xuefeng,ZHANG Zhenquan,et al.The simulation study of oscillating impulse voltage for power equipment on-site testing[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(9):54-60.
[5]李军浩,郭飞,张亮,等.变压器感应式振荡型操作冲击试验及局部放电测量技术[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1199-1206.LI Junhao,GUO Fei,ZHANG Liang,et al.Inductive oscillating switching impulse test and partial discharge detection technology for transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1199-1206.
[6]吴旭涛,李军浩,张哲铭,等.变压器振荡型操作冲击电压现场试验技术研究[J].陕西电力,2015,43(6):39-42.WU Xutao,LI Junhao,ZHANG Zheming,et al.Study on transformer operated impulse test technology with oscillation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2015,43(6):39-42.
[7]王成,黄宏华.电力变压器匝间短路故障分析及处理[J].电力科学与工程,2012,28(1):46-49.WANG Cheng,HUANG Honghua.Analysis and treatment of turn-to-turn short-circuit fault in transformer[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2012,28(1):46-49.
[8]郭二平.变压器雷电冲击试验故障分析[J].变压器,2008,45(11):69-70.GUO Erping.Fault analysis of transformer in lightning impulse test[J].Transformer,2008,45(11):69-70.
[9]元勇,朱旭东,冯远程.电力变压器冲击试验故障诊断方法的研究[J].华北电力技术,2006,10(1):1-4.YUAN Yong,ZHU Xudong,FENG Yuancheng.Research of fault diagnosis in impulse testing of power transformers[J].North China Electric Power,2006,10(1):1-4.
[10]司马文霞,华杰方,孙魄韬,等.冲击电压作用下冲击电容器用聚丙烯薄膜累积失效特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):358-365.SIMA Wenxia,HUA Jiefang,SUN Potao,et al.Accumulative failure characteristic of polypropylene film in surge capacitor under repeated impulse voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):358-365.
[11]郭治锋,赵学风,顾朝敏,等.振荡冲击电压下SF6极不均匀场间隙的放电特性[J].高压电器,2010,46(10):62-64,68.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,GU Chaomin,et al.Discharge characteristics of SF6 non-uniform field gap under oscillating impulses[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(10):62-64,68.
[12]郭治锋,赵学风,吴磊,等.振荡型冲击电压下GIS绝缘气隙模型的局部放电研究[J].陕西电力,2011,39(3):21-25.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,WU Lei,et al.Partial discharge of gis insulation void models under oscillating impulse voltage[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(3):21-25.
[13]司马文霞,吴婧瑜,华杰方,等.双极性振荡衰减冲击电压作用下油浸绝缘纸的绝缘累积效应特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):3827-3834.SIMA Wenxia,WU Jingyu,HUA Jiefang,et al.Accumulative effect characteristics of oil-impregnated paper insulation underdamped alternating oscillation voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,42(12):3827-3834.
[14]赵学风,孙振权,姚秀,等.振荡冲击电压下局部放电检测系统研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(1):188-193.ZHAO Xuefeng,SUN Zhenquan,YAO Xiu,et al.Study on partial discharge detection system under oscillatory impulse voltage[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(1):188-193.
[15]ZHAO X F,GUO Z F,LI Y M,et al.Partial discharge characteristics and mechanism in voids at impulse voltages[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2011,22(3):1-7.
[16]刘杰.传递函数在变压器雷电冲击试验中的应用[J].变压器,1995,4(1):27-31.LIU Jie.The application of transfer function in lightning impulse test on transformers[J].Transformer,1995,4(1):27-31.
[17]MALEWSKI R,POULIN B.Impulse testing of power transformers using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[18]黄忠海,朱旭东.传递函数法用于变压器冲击试验的故障诊断[J].华东电力,2005,33(3):41-43.HUANG Zhonghai,ZHU Xudong.Applying transfer function method for fault diagnosis in impulse testing of transformers[J].East China Electric Power,2005,33(3):41-43.
[19]ZHAO X F,GUO Z F,LI Y M,et al.Characteristics and development mechanisms of partial discharge in SF6 gas under impulse voltages[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(2):668-674.
[20]LI J H,ZHANG L,LIANG J F,et al.Partial discharge characteristics over SF6/epoxy interfaces under impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):2158-2164.
[21]CAVALLINI A,CHEN X L,MONTANARI G C,et al.Diagnosis of EHV and HV transformers through an innovative partial-discharge-based technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,25(2):814-824.
[22]LIANG J F,ZHANG L,LI J H,et al.Study on partial discharge characteristics of corona discharge in transformer oil under oscillating swithcing impulse votage[C]∥Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Shenzhen,China:Tsinghua University,2013:1173-1176.
[23]MALEWSKI R,POULIN B.Impulse testing of power transformers using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[24]HANIQUE E.A transfer function is a reliable tool for comparison of full and chopped lightning impulse tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1994,9(3):1261-1266.
[25]武剑利,舒乃秋,彭凌烟.变压器绕组传递函数的拟合原理及绕组变形诊断应用[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(6):88-90.WU Jianli,SHU Naiqiu,PENG Lingyan.Fit theory of transformer winding’s transfer function and its application to diagnose winding deformation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2004,24(6):88-90.
[2]梁建锋,李军浩,张亮,等.基于IEC 60060-3标准的变压器感应式操作冲击电压产生方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2014,33(6):75-80.LIANG Jianfeng,LI Junhao,ZHANG Liang,et al.Study of transformer inductive oscillating switching impulse voltage generation method based on IEC 60060-3 standard[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2014,33(6):75-80.
[3]LIANG J F,ZHANG L,LI J H,et al.Study on oscillating switching impulse voltage generation for power transformer onsite test[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(5):2223-2230.
[4]李继胜,赵学风,张振权,等.电力设备现场耐压试验用振荡冲击波产生的仿真研究[J].高压电器,2009,45(9):54-60.LI Jisheng,ZHAO Xuefeng,ZHANG Zhenquan,et al.The simulation study of oscillating impulse voltage for power equipment on-site testing[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(9):54-60.
[5]李军浩,郭飞,张亮,等.变压器感应式振荡型操作冲击试验及局部放电测量技术[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1199-1206.LI Junhao,GUO Fei,ZHANG Liang,et al.Inductive oscillating switching impulse test and partial discharge detection technology for transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1199-1206.
[6]吴旭涛,李军浩,张哲铭,等.变压器振荡型操作冲击电压现场试验技术研究[J].陕西电力,2015,43(6):39-42.WU Xutao,LI Junhao,ZHANG Zheming,et al.Study on transformer operated impulse test technology with oscillation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2015,43(6):39-42.
[7]王成,黄宏华.电力变压器匝间短路故障分析及处理[J].电力科学与工程,2012,28(1):46-49.WANG Cheng,HUANG Honghua.Analysis and treatment of turn-to-turn short-circuit fault in transformer[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2012,28(1):46-49.
[8]郭二平.变压器雷电冲击试验故障分析[J].变压器,2008,45(11):69-70.GUO Erping.Fault analysis of transformer in lightning impulse test[J].Transformer,2008,45(11):69-70.
[9]元勇,朱旭东,冯远程.电力变压器冲击试验故障诊断方法的研究[J].华北电力技术,2006,10(1):1-4.YUAN Yong,ZHU Xudong,FENG Yuancheng.Research of fault diagnosis in impulse testing of power transformers[J].North China Electric Power,2006,10(1):1-4.
[10]司马文霞,华杰方,孙魄韬,等.冲击电压作用下冲击电容器用聚丙烯薄膜累积失效特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):358-365.SIMA Wenxia,HUA Jiefang,SUN Potao,et al.Accumulative failure characteristic of polypropylene film in surge capacitor under repeated impulse voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):358-365.
[11]郭治锋,赵学风,顾朝敏,等.振荡冲击电压下SF6极不均匀场间隙的放电特性[J].高压电器,2010,46(10):62-64,68.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,GU Chaomin,et al.Discharge characteristics of SF6 non-uniform field gap under oscillating impulses[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(10):62-64,68.
[12]郭治锋,赵学风,吴磊,等.振荡型冲击电压下GIS绝缘气隙模型的局部放电研究[J].陕西电力,2011,39(3):21-25.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,WU Lei,et al.Partial discharge of gis insulation void models under oscillating impulse voltage[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(3):21-25.
[13]司马文霞,吴婧瑜,华杰方,等.双极性振荡衰减冲击电压作用下油浸绝缘纸的绝缘累积效应特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):3827-3834.SIMA Wenxia,WU Jingyu,HUA Jiefang,et al.Accumulative effect characteristics of oil-impregnated paper insulation underdamped alternating oscillation voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,42(12):3827-3834.
[14]赵学风,孙振权,姚秀,等.振荡冲击电压下局部放电检测系统研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(1):188-193.ZHAO Xuefeng,SUN Zhenquan,YAO Xiu,et al.Study on partial discharge detection system under oscillatory impulse voltage[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(1):188-193.
[15]ZHAO X F,GUO Z F,LI Y M,et al.Partial discharge characteristics and mechanism in voids at impulse voltages[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2011,22(3):1-7.
[16]刘杰.传递函数在变压器雷电冲击试验中的应用[J].变压器,1995,4(1):27-31.LIU Jie.The application of transfer function in lightning impulse test on transformers[J].Transformer,1995,4(1):27-31.
[17]MALEWSKI R,POULIN B.Impulse testing of power transformers using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[18]黄忠海,朱旭东.传递函数法用于变压器冲击试验的故障诊断[J].华东电力,2005,33(3):41-43.HUANG Zhonghai,ZHU Xudong.Applying transfer function method for fault diagnosis in impulse testing of transformers[J].East China Electric Power,2005,33(3):41-43.
[19]ZHAO X F,GUO Z F,LI Y M,et al.Characteristics and development mechanisms of partial discharge in SF6 gas under impulse voltages[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(2):668-674.
[20]LI J H,ZHANG L,LIANG J F,et al.Partial discharge characteristics over SF6/epoxy interfaces under impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):2158-2164.
[21]CAVALLINI A,CHEN X L,MONTANARI G C,et al.Diagnosis of EHV and HV transformers through an innovative partial-discharge-based technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,25(2):814-824.
[22]LIANG J F,ZHANG L,LI J H,et al.Study on partial discharge characteristics of corona discharge in transformer oil under oscillating swithcing impulse votage[C]∥Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Shenzhen,China:Tsinghua University,2013:1173-1176.
[23]MALEWSKI R,POULIN B.Impulse testing of power transformers using the transfer function method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(2):476-489.
[24]HANIQUE E.A transfer function is a reliable tool for comparison of full and chopped lightning impulse tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1994,9(3):1261-1266.
[25]武剑利,舒乃秋,彭凌烟.变压器绕组传递函数的拟合原理及绕组变形诊断应用[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(6):88-90.WU Jianli,SHU Naiqiu,PENG Lingyan.Fit theory of transformer winding’s transfer function and its application to diagnose winding deformation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2004,24(6):88-90.