基于变步长功率跟踪的有功备用式PV-VSG控制策略
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摘要
传统光伏发电系统多以最大功率跟踪方式并网,不具备有功调频能力,而将其改造的光伏虚拟同步发电机多以配备储能的方式实现虚拟同步功能,但储能设备过于昂贵,主电路改造成本较大。针对上述问题,在不改造传统集中式光伏逆变器主电路的情况下,提出一种基于变步长功率跟踪的有功备用式光伏虚拟同步发电机策略,通过有功备用方式实现虚拟同步功能,节省改造成本,所提方法克服了固定步长跟踪方法快速性和稳定性不能兼容的问题,并且使光伏虚拟同步发电机快速精确地提供惯性及阻尼支撑控制。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性。
Most of the traditional photovoltaic power generation systems are connected to power grid by the maximum power tracking mode and do not have the frequency modulation capability by adjusting active power. However, the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator(PV-VSG) that is modified by them are mostly equipped with energy storage to realize the virtual synchronization function, but the energy storage equipment is too expensive, and the main circuit transformation cost is large. To solve the problems above, a PV-VSG control strategy is proposed based on power tracking of variable step in active power reserve mode saves transformation cost by realizing virtual synchronization function through active power reserve mode without transforming the main circuit of traditional centralized photovoltaic inverter. The proposed method overcomes the incapable of compatibility and stability for the tracking method of fixed step, enables the PV-VSG to provide inertial and damping support control quickly and accurately. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Most of the traditional photovoltaic power generation systems are connected to power grid by the maximum power tracking mode and do not have the frequency modulation capability by adjusting active power. However, the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator(PV-VSG) that is modified by them are mostly equipped with energy storage to realize the virtual synchronization function, but the energy storage equipment is too expensive, and the main circuit transformation cost is large. To solve the problems above, a PV-VSG control strategy is proposed based on power tracking of variable step in active power reserve mode saves transformation cost by realizing virtual synchronization function through active power reserve mode without transforming the main circuit of traditional centralized photovoltaic inverter. The proposed method overcomes the incapable of compatibility and stability for the tracking method of fixed step, enables the PV-VSG to provide inertial and damping support control quickly and accurately. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
引文
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[19] 巩宇,王阳,李智,等.光伏虚拟同步发电机工程应用效果分析及优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):149-156.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171106012.GONG Yu, WANG Yang, LI Zhi, et al. Engineering application effect analysis and optimization of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 149-156. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171106012.
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[22] MEI S, ZHENG T, CHEN L, et al. A comprehensive consensus-based distributed control strategy for grid-connected PV-VSG[C]// 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), July 27-29, 2016, Chengdu, China.
[23] 郑天文,陈来军,刘炜,等.考虑源端动态特性的光伏虚拟同步机多模式运行控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):454-463.ZHENG Tianwen, CHEN Laijun, LIU Wei. et al. Multi-mode operation control for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator considering the dynamic characteristics of primary source[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 454-463.
[24] 张海峥,张兴,李明,等.一种有功备用式光伏虚拟同步控制策略[J].电网技术,2019,43(2):514-520.ZHANG Haizheng, ZHANG Xing, LI Ming, et al. A photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator control strategy based on active power reserve[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(2): 514-520.
[25] SANGWONGWANICH A, YANG Y, BLAABJERG F, et al. Delta power control strategy for multi-string grid-connected PV inverters[C]// 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 18-22, 2016, Milwaukee, USA.
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[27] PRASETYONO E, ANGGRIAWAN D O, FIRMANSYAH A Z, et al. A modified MPPT algorithm using incremental conductance for constant power generation of photovoltaic systems[C]// International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications, Spetember 26-27, 2017, Surabaya, Indonesia.
[28] 石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.基于输出电压反馈的虚拟同步发电机多环控制策略[J].电源学报,2017,15(4):17-25.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, LIU Fang, et al. Multiloop control strategy for virtual synchronous generator using only output voltage feedback[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2017, 15(4): 17-25.
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[30] 秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171122007.QIN Xiaohui, SU Lining, CHI Yongning, et al. Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171122007.
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[2] 陈炜,艾欣,吴涛,等.光伏并网发电系统对电网的影响研究综述[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(2):26-32.CHEN Wei, AI Xin, WU Tao, et al. Influence of grid connected photovoltaic system on power network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2013, 33(2): 26-32.
[3] ETXEGARAI A, EGUIA P, TORRES E, et al. Review of grid connection requirements for generation assets in weak power grids[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 41: 1501-1514.
[4] QING L, ZHAO X, YANG L. Recent advancements on the development of microgrids[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2014, 2(3): 206-211.
[5] 王成山,王守相.分布式发电供能系统若干问题研究[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):1-4.WANG Chengshan, WANG Shouxiang. Study on some key problems related to distributed generation systems[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2008, 32(20): 1-4.
[6] 钟庆昌.虚拟同步机与自主电力系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):336-348.ZHONG Qingchang. Virtual synchronous machines and autonomous power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 336-348.
[7] 柴建云,赵杨阳,孙旭东,等.虚拟同步发电机技术在风力发电系统中的应用与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):17-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171012015.CHAI Jianyun, ZHAO Yangyang, SUN Xudong, et al. Application and prospect of virtual synchronous generation wind power generation system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 17-25. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20171012015.
[8] 郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自化,2015,39(21):165-175.ZHENG Tianwen, CHEN Laijun, CHEN Tianyi, et al. Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(21): 165-175.
[9] BEVRANI H, ISE T, MIURA Y. Virtual synchronous generators: a survey and new perspectives[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2014, 54(1): 244-254.
[10] 刘尧,陈建福,侯小超,等.基于自适应虚拟惯性的微电网动态频率稳定控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):75-82.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170911013.LIU Yao, CHEN Jianfu, HOU Xiaochao, et al. Dynamic frequency stability control strategy of microgrid based on adaptive virtual inertia[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 75-82. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20170911013.
[11] 葛俊,刘辉,江浩,等.虚拟同步发电机并网运行适应性分析及探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):26-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171031013.GE Jun, LIU Hui, JIANG Hao, et al. Analysis and investigation on grid connected operation adaptability of virtual synchronous generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 26-35. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171031013.
[12] 陈杰,申朋朋,魏涛,等.非理想电网条件下的同步逆变器控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):127-133.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171114008.CHEN Jie, SHEN Pengpeng, WEI Tao, et al. Control scheme for synchronverters under non-ideal grid condition[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 127-133. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171114008.
[13] 宋琼,张辉,孙凯,等.多微源独立微网中虚拟同步发电机的改进型转动惯量自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):412-424.SONG Qiong, ZHANG Hui, SUN Kai, et al. Adaptive control of inertia for virtual synchronous generators in islanding micro-grid with multiple distributed generation units[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 412-424.
[14] 石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, LIU Fang, et al. Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(20): 170-180.
[15] 程冲,杨欢,曾正,等.虚拟同步发电机的转子惯量自适应控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):82-89.CHENG Chong, YANG Huan, ZENG Zheng, et al. A novel control method of VSG with adaptive virtual rotor inertia[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(19): 82-89.
[16] 张卫红,佟宗超.基于VSG的分布式光伏系统运行与控制[J].电力电子技术,2013,47(8):38-40.ZHANG Weihong, TONG Zongchao. Control and operation of distributed photovoltaic system based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Power Electronics, 2013, 47(8): 38-40.
[17] 涂春鸣,兰征,肖凡,等.具备同步电机特性的级联型光伏发电系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):433-443.TU Chunming, LAN Zheng, XIAO Fan, et al. Study on cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic power systems with synchronous generator characteristics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 433-443.
[18] 王振雄,易皓,卓放,等.应用于光伏微网的一种虚拟同步发电机结构及其动态性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):444-453.WANG Zhenxiong, YI Hao, ZHUO Fang, et al. A hardware structure of virtual synchronous generator in photovoltaic microgrid and its dynamic performance analysis[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 444-453.
[19] 巩宇,王阳,李智,等.光伏虚拟同步发电机工程应用效果分析及优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):149-156.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171106012.GONG Yu, WANG Yang, LI Zhi, et al. Engineering application effect analysis and optimization of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 149-156. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171106012.
[20] GUO Y, CHEN L, LI K, et al. A novel control strategy for stand-alone photovoltaic system based on virtual synchronous generator[C]// Power and Energy Society General Meeting, July 17-21, 2016, Boston, USA.
[21] GUO Y, CHEN L, LIU W, et al. A consensus-based frequency control for photovoltaic connected virtual synchronous generators in microgrid[C]// IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, September 28-October 1, 2016, Wollongong, Australia.
[22] MEI S, ZHENG T, CHEN L, et al. A comprehensive consensus-based distributed control strategy for grid-connected PV-VSG[C]// 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), July 27-29, 2016, Chengdu, China.
[23] 郑天文,陈来军,刘炜,等.考虑源端动态特性的光伏虚拟同步机多模式运行控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):454-463.ZHENG Tianwen, CHEN Laijun, LIU Wei. et al. Multi-mode operation control for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator considering the dynamic characteristics of primary source[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(2): 454-463.
[24] 张海峥,张兴,李明,等.一种有功备用式光伏虚拟同步控制策略[J].电网技术,2019,43(2):514-520.ZHANG Haizheng, ZHANG Xing, LI Ming, et al. A photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator control strategy based on active power reserve[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(2): 514-520.
[25] SANGWONGWANICH A, YANG Y, BLAABJERG F, et al. Delta power control strategy for multi-string grid-connected PV inverters[C]// 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), September 18-22, 2016, Milwaukee, USA.
[26] SANGWONGWANICH A, YANG Y, BLAABJERG F, et al. Benchmarking of constant power generation strategies for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems[C]// Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, March 20-24, 2016, Long Beach, USA.
[27] PRASETYONO E, ANGGRIAWAN D O, FIRMANSYAH A Z, et al. A modified MPPT algorithm using incremental conductance for constant power generation of photovoltaic systems[C]// International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications, Spetember 26-27, 2017, Surabaya, Indonesia.
[28] 石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.基于输出电压反馈的虚拟同步发电机多环控制策略[J].电源学报,2017,15(4):17-25.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, LIU Fang, et al. Multiloop control strategy for virtual synchronous generator using only output voltage feedback[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2017, 15(4): 17-25.
[29] 张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012(3):1-6.ZHANG Xing, ZHU Debin, XU Haizhen. Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2012(3): 1-6.
[30] 秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171122007.QIN Xiaohui, SU Lining, CHI Yongning, et al. Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171122007.
[31] 赵晶晶,徐传琳,吕雪,等.微电网一次调频备用容量与储能优化配置方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4324-4332.ZHAO Jingjing, XU Chuanlin, Lü Xue, et al. Optimization of micro-grid primary frequency regulation reserve capacity and energy storage system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(15): 4324-4332.