黄鸢尾对牛场养殖废水肥用过程中的耐受性研究
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摘要
为更有效地利用水生植物黄鸢尾处理牛场养殖废水,初步探明黄鸢尾净化牛场养殖废水过程中的关键影响因素,以不同稀释比例牛场废水水培黄鸢尾为研究对象,通过探究黄鸢尾的生长速率与稀释浓度的关系,分析黄鸢尾生长速率与各个污染物指标去除率之间相关性,研究黄鸢尾在牛场废水不同稀释浓度下的耐受性。结果表明:黄鸢尾作为水质净化系统中常见的植物,能有效降低牛场废水中的氮磷,净化水质。当牛场废水浓度高于T3水平(15∶1稀释)时,表现出生长受抑制,一周之后,黄鸢尾对COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除率可以达到57.1%、59.49%、82.59%和72.39%,其中对TN、TP去除效果最为显著。研究表明,当牛场废水稀释之后,控制稀释比例在T3水平时,黄鸢尾生长不会受到抑制,对牛场粪污废水中的污染物表现出较好的消纳和去除效果。
To elucidate the effective utilization of aquatic plants to treat dairy farm wastewater, which were suggested to be key factors in the process of yellow iris purification of dairy farm wastewater, yellow irises cultured in dairy farms wastewater at different dilution ratios were used to examine the relationship between the growth rate of yellow iris and dilution concentration gradient. We also analyzed the corre?lation between the growth rate of yellow iris and the removal rate of pollutant and tolerance of yellow iris at different concentration in dairy farm wastewater. The results showed that yellow iris, as a common plant in water purification systems, could effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in dairy farm wastewater and thereby improved water quality. When the concentration of dairy farm wastewater was higher than T3 level(15∶1 dilution), indicating growth inhibition, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD), NH_4~+-N, TN, and TP after one week reached 57.1%, 59.49%, 82.59%, and 72.39%, respectively, of which the removal efficiencies of TN and TP showed the significant effects. When dairy farm wastewater was diluted and maintained at a level equivalent to the T3 level, iris growth was not inhibited, and better absorption and removal effect of pollutants in the dairy farm wastewater were observed.
To elucidate the effective utilization of aquatic plants to treat dairy farm wastewater, which were suggested to be key factors in the process of yellow iris purification of dairy farm wastewater, yellow irises cultured in dairy farms wastewater at different dilution ratios were used to examine the relationship between the growth rate of yellow iris and dilution concentration gradient. We also analyzed the corre?lation between the growth rate of yellow iris and the removal rate of pollutant and tolerance of yellow iris at different concentration in dairy farm wastewater. The results showed that yellow iris, as a common plant in water purification systems, could effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in dairy farm wastewater and thereby improved water quality. When the concentration of dairy farm wastewater was higher than T3 level(15∶1 dilution), indicating growth inhibition, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand(COD), NH_4~+-N, TN, and TP after one week reached 57.1%, 59.49%, 82.59%, and 72.39%, respectively, of which the removal efficiencies of TN and TP showed the significant effects. When dairy farm wastewater was diluted and maintained at a level equivalent to the T3 level, iris growth was not inhibited, and better absorption and removal effect of pollutants in the dairy farm wastewater were observed.
引文
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[21]董荣娟.钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷方法的改进[J].山东工业技术,2014(24):87.DONG Rong-juan.Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method for determination of total phosphorus in water[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2014(24):87.
[22]石静.水体盐度对三种植物生长和氮磷去除能力的影响[D].天津:南开大学,2010.SHI Jing.The effect of salinity on the growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of three plants[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2010.
[23]渠清博.规模化奶牛场泌乳牛粪便氮磷产生量预测模型研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.QU Qing-bo.Prediction of fecal nitrogen and phosphorus excretion for lactating dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2017.
[24]张帅,陆鹏,陈硕,等.京郊畜禽粪污氮磷含量特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):244-251.ZHANG Shuai,LU Peng,CHEN Shuo,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus content and analysis of its influencing factors in feces and wastewater of livestock farms in Beijing suburb[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(8):244-251.
[25]龚娟,王宇晖,赵晓祥,等.人工湿地处理高氨氮废水中植物的耐受性[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(3):534-538,542.GONG Juan,WANG Yu-hui,ZHAO Xiao-xiang,et al.The tolerance of plants to high concetration of ammonia in wastewater by constructed wetland[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(3):534-538,542.
[26]张立辉.大型水生植物在水污染治理中的应用探讨[J].现代农业科技,2013(12):194,198.ZHANG Li-hui.The application of large aquatic plants in water pollution control[J].Modern Agricultural Environment,2013(12):194,198.
[27]王世和,王薇,俞燕.水力条件对人工湿地处理效果的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2003(3):359-362.WANG Shi-he,WANG Wei,YU Yan.Influence of hydraulic condition on treatment effect of constructed wetland[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2003(3):359-362.
[28]申欢,孙亚军,胡洪营,等.滞留型城市景观河道的污染治理[J].中国给水排水,2006(20):66-68.SHEN Huan,SUN Ya-jun,HU Hong-ying,et al.Pollution control of detention landscape urban river[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006(20):66-68.
[29]马牧源,王兰,孙红文.黄花鸢尾对富营养化水体净化的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(2):448-452.MA Mu-yuan,WANG Lan,SUN Hong-wen.Purification of eutrophicated water by Iris pseudoacorus[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(2):448-452.
[30]徐景涛.典型湿地植物对氨氮、有机污染物的耐受性及其机理研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.XU Jing-tao.The tolerance and mechanism of typical wetland plants to ammonia and organic pollutant[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012.
[31]张芳.不同水生植物对富营养化水体净化效果和机理的比较[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.ZHANG Fang.Comparison of efficiency and mechanisms in eutrophic water treatment using different types of aquatic plants[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science&Technology,2016.
[32]石雷,杨璇.人工湿地植物量及其对净化效果影响的研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):28-33.SHI Lei,YANG Xuan.Study on plant quantity of constructed wetland and its effect on purification effect[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,2010,19(1):28-33.
[33]汪宴廷,赵晶晶,颜姗,等.三种浮萍对养殖废水中氮、磷的净化效果研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2014,41(12):24-25,27.WANG Yan-ting,ZHAO Jing-jing,YAN Shan,et al.Study the purification effect of three kinds of duckweed on nitrogen and phosphorus of wastewater from breed farm[J].Sichuan Animal Husbandry and Veterinarian,2014,41(12):24-25,27.
[2]黎年举,杨礼.规模化畜禽养殖场污染治理现状与对策[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2014(12):52.LI Nian-ju,YANG Li.Present situation and countermeasures of pollution control in large-scale livestock and poultry breeding farm[J].Husbandry Animal Modern,2014(12):52.
[3]Nasr M,Elreedy A,Abdel-Kader A,et al.Environmental consideration of dairy wastewater treatment using hybrid sequencing batch reactor[J].Sustainable Environment Research,2014,24(6):449-456.
[4]Posavac S,Dragi?evic′T L,Hren M Z.The improvement of dairy wastewater treatment efficiency by the addition of bioactivator[J].Mljekarstvo,2010,60(3):355-363.
[5]Azadi N A,Fallahzadeh R A,Sadeghi S.Dairy wastewater treatment plant in removal of organic pollution:A case study in Sanandaj,Iran[J].Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal,2015,2(2):73-77.
[6]Li H W,Liu S X,Chen X P,et al.Reconstruction project of dairy wastewater treatment[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2015,37(6):385-398.
[7]Schneider I D,Topalova Y I.Effect of bioaugmentation on anaerobic wastewater treatment in the dairy industry[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(9):4389-4397.
[8]王志国,蓝梅.人工湿地系统污水净化机理及其影响因素研究[J].人民珠江,2016,37(5):90-92.WANG Zhi-guo,LAN Mei.Study on mechanism and influence factors of wastewater purification in constructed wetland system[J].Pearl River,2016,37(5):90-92.
[9]覃飞妮.人工湿地在玉林市苏烟水库富营养化水质改善效果研究[J].人民珠江,2014,35(3):101-104.QIN Fei-ni.Study on improving effect of eutrophication water quality of constructed wetland in Suyan Reservoir of Yulin City[J].Pearl River,2014,35(3):101-104.
[10]刘冬,张慧泽,徐梦佳.我国人工湿地污水处理系统的现状探析及展望[J].环境保护,2017,45(4):25-28.LIU Dong,ZHANG Hui-ze,XU Meng-jia.Analysis and prospect of the status quo of constructed wetland sewage treatment system in China[J].Environmental Protection,2017,45(4):25-28.
[11]Rédeyá,Somogyi V,ányos J,et al.Simulation of the influence of industrial wastewater on a municipal sewage treatment plant:A case study[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2011,18(2):192-198.
[12]Caroline W M,Benedict M M,Steve O O.Simulation of constructed wetland treatment in wastewater polishing using PREWet model[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2012,41(1/2/3):356-363.
[13]Green M B,Upton J.Constructed reed beds:A cost-effective way to polish wastewater effluents for small communities[J].Water Environment Research,1994,66(3):188-192.
[14]Vymazal J.Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:A review[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,674(1):133-156.
[15]凌祯.浓度和水力负荷对人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2012.LING Zhen.Study on the effect of concentration and hydraulic load on the removal nitrogen and phosphorus from artificial wetlands[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2012.
[16]付宝春,薄伟,康红梅.干旱胁迫对13种优良鸢尾属植物的生理影响[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(9):924-929.FU Bao-chun,BO Wei,KANG Hong-mei.Effects of drought stress on physiological parameters of 13 excellent iris[J].Shanxi Agricultural Science,2013,41(9):924-929.
[17]Ong S A,Uchiyama K,Inadama D,et al.Treatment of azo-dye acid orange 7 containing wastewater using up-flow constructed wetland with and without supplementary aeration[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(23):9049-9057.
[18]袁汉鸿,胡艳平,戚惠良.重铬酸钾法测定水中COD问题的探讨[J].净水技术,2005(4):67-68.YUAN Han-hong,HU Yan-ping,QI Hui-liang.Some problems in determining COD in water with potassium dichromate method[J].Water Purification Technology,2005(4):67-68.
[19]环境保护部.水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂光度法:HJ 535-2009[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2009.Ministry of Environmental Protection.Determination of ammonia nitrogen in water by the method of reagent spectrophotometry:HJ 535-2009[S].Beijing:China Environmental Publishing House,2009.
[20]李艳蔷,方鑫,颜滴,等.水中总氮的测定方法改进研究[J].湖北工程学院学报,2017,37(3):27-30.LI Yan-qiang,FANG Xin,YAN Di,et al.Improvement on determination method of total nitrogen in water[J].Journal of Hubei Institute of Technology,2017,37(3):27-30.
[21]董荣娟.钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷方法的改进[J].山东工业技术,2014(24):87.DONG Rong-juan.Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method for determination of total phosphorus in water[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2014(24):87.
[22]石静.水体盐度对三种植物生长和氮磷去除能力的影响[D].天津:南开大学,2010.SHI Jing.The effect of salinity on the growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of three plants[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2010.
[23]渠清博.规模化奶牛场泌乳牛粪便氮磷产生量预测模型研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.QU Qing-bo.Prediction of fecal nitrogen and phosphorus excretion for lactating dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2017.
[24]张帅,陆鹏,陈硕,等.京郊畜禽粪污氮磷含量特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):244-251.ZHANG Shuai,LU Peng,CHEN Shuo,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus content and analysis of its influencing factors in feces and wastewater of livestock farms in Beijing suburb[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(8):244-251.
[25]龚娟,王宇晖,赵晓祥,等.人工湿地处理高氨氮废水中植物的耐受性[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(3):534-538,542.GONG Juan,WANG Yu-hui,ZHAO Xiao-xiang,et al.The tolerance of plants to high concetration of ammonia in wastewater by constructed wetland[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(3):534-538,542.
[26]张立辉.大型水生植物在水污染治理中的应用探讨[J].现代农业科技,2013(12):194,198.ZHANG Li-hui.The application of large aquatic plants in water pollution control[J].Modern Agricultural Environment,2013(12):194,198.
[27]王世和,王薇,俞燕.水力条件对人工湿地处理效果的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2003(3):359-362.WANG Shi-he,WANG Wei,YU Yan.Influence of hydraulic condition on treatment effect of constructed wetland[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2003(3):359-362.
[28]申欢,孙亚军,胡洪营,等.滞留型城市景观河道的污染治理[J].中国给水排水,2006(20):66-68.SHEN Huan,SUN Ya-jun,HU Hong-ying,et al.Pollution control of detention landscape urban river[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006(20):66-68.
[29]马牧源,王兰,孙红文.黄花鸢尾对富营养化水体净化的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(2):448-452.MA Mu-yuan,WANG Lan,SUN Hong-wen.Purification of eutrophicated water by Iris pseudoacorus[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(2):448-452.
[30]徐景涛.典型湿地植物对氨氮、有机污染物的耐受性及其机理研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.XU Jing-tao.The tolerance and mechanism of typical wetland plants to ammonia and organic pollutant[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012.
[31]张芳.不同水生植物对富营养化水体净化效果和机理的比较[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.ZHANG Fang.Comparison of efficiency and mechanisms in eutrophic water treatment using different types of aquatic plants[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science&Technology,2016.
[32]石雷,杨璇.人工湿地植物量及其对净化效果影响的研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):28-33.SHI Lei,YANG Xuan.Study on plant quantity of constructed wetland and its effect on purification effect[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,2010,19(1):28-33.
[33]汪宴廷,赵晶晶,颜姗,等.三种浮萍对养殖废水中氮、磷的净化效果研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2014,41(12):24-25,27.WANG Yan-ting,ZHAO Jing-jing,YAN Shan,et al.Study the purification effect of three kinds of duckweed on nitrogen and phosphorus of wastewater from breed farm[J].Sichuan Animal Husbandry and Veterinarian,2014,41(12):24-25,27.