固溶处理过程中变质AlSi10MnMg压铸铝合金的组织演化及其对力学性能的影响（英文）
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摘要
为了优化变质AlSi10MnMg压铸合金的固溶工艺,采用OM、SEM、EBSD和拉伸试验研究固溶处理对合金组织、力学性能和断裂机制的影响。结果显示,固溶处理可在比传统工艺更低温度、更短时间的条件下完成,能避免表面鼓泡,并在随后的时效过程中获得较好的强化效果。延长固溶时间、提高固溶温度不能提高时效后合金的强度,甚至会对其产生不利影响。固溶过程中(尤其是早期)共晶硅形态的快速演化影响α-Al晶粒间的相互作用,进而改变最终的力学性能和断裂模式。
To optimize the solution treatment process of a modified high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy, the influence of the solution treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms was studied using OM, SEM, EBSD and tensile test. The experimental results suggest that the solution treatment could be completed in a shorter time at a temperature much lower than the conventional practice. Surface blistering could be avoided and substantial strengthening effect could be achieved in the following aging process. Prolonging solution treatment time and elevating solution temperature would be meaningless or even harmful. The rapid evolution of eutectic silicon during solution treatment, especially at the early stage, affected the way of interaction among α-Al grains during plastic deformation, and changed the ultimate mechanical properties and fracture mode.
To optimize the solution treatment process of a modified high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy, the influence of the solution treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms was studied using OM, SEM, EBSD and tensile test. The experimental results suggest that the solution treatment could be completed in a shorter time at a temperature much lower than the conventional practice. Surface blistering could be avoided and substantial strengthening effect could be achieved in the following aging process. Prolonging solution treatment time and elevating solution temperature would be meaningless or even harmful. The rapid evolution of eutectic silicon during solution treatment, especially at the early stage, affected the way of interaction among α-Al grains during plastic deformation, and changed the ultimate mechanical properties and fracture mode.
引文
[1]GUO Zhi-peng,XIONG Shou-mei,CHO S H,CHOI J K.Study on heat transfer behavior at metal/die interface in aluminum alloy die casting process.I:Experimental study and determination of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43:1149-1154.(in Chinese)
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[6]CAO Han-xue,HAO Meng-yao,SHEN Chao,LIANG Peng.The influence of different vacuum degree on the porosity and mechanical properties of aluminum die casting[J].Vacuum,2017,146:278-281.
[7]LI Xiao-bo,XIONG Shou-mei,GUO Zhi-peng.Improved mechanical properties in vacuum-assist high-pressure die casting of AZ91D alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2016,231:1-7.
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[14]CUI Li-xin,LIU Zhen-xing,ZHAO Xiao-guang,TANG Jian-guo,LIU Ke,LIU Xing-xing,QIAN Chen.Precipitation of metastable phases and its effect on electrical resistivity of Al-0.96Mg2Si alloy during aging[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24:2266-2274.
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[18]LIN Yong-cheng,LUO Shun-cun,HUANG Jian,YIN Liang-xing,JIANG Xing-you.Effects of solution treatment on microstructures and micro-hardness of a Sr-modified Al-Si-Mg alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2018,725:530-540.
[19]FACCOLI M,DIONI D,CECCHEL S,CORNACCHIA G,PANVINIA.Optimization of heat treatment of gravity cast Sr-modified B356aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27:1698-1706.
[20]ROMETSCH P,ARNBERG L,ZHANG D L.Modelling dissolution of Mg2Si and homogenisation in Al-Si-Mg casting alloys[J].International Journal of Cast Metals Research,1999,12:1-8.
[21]MISHNAEVSKY L L Jr,LIPPMANN N,SCHMAUDER S,GUMBSCH P.In-situ observation of damage evolution and fracture in AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1999,63:395-411.
[22]MILKEREI?B,STARINK M J.Quench sensitivity of Al-Mg-Si alloys:A model for linear cooling and strengthening[J].Materials&Design,2015,76:117-129.
[23]CHOI S W,KIM Y M,LEE K M,CHO H S,HONG S K,KIM Y C,KANG C S,KUMAI S.The effects of cooling rate and heat treatment on mechanical and thermal characteristics of Al-Si-Cu-Mg foundry alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,617:654-659.
[24]RAGHAVAN V.Al-Mg-Si(aluminum-magnesium-silicon)[J].Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion,2007,28:174-179.
[25]FEUFEL H,G?DECKE T,LUKAS H L,SOMMER F.Investigation of the Al-Mg-Si system by experiments and thermodynamic calculations[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,1997,247:31-42.
[26]XIN Jing-hua,ZHANG Wei-bin,WANG Jian-chuan,ZHAODong-dong,DU Yong,ZHANG Li-jun,HUANG Bai-yun.Prediction of diffusivities in fcc phase of the Al-Cu-Mg system:First-principles calculations coupled with CALPHAD technique[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,90:32-43.
[27]MAZAHERY A,SHABANI M O.Modification mechanism and microstructural characteristics of eutectic Si in casting Al-Si alloys:A review on experimental and numerical studies[J].JOM,2014,66:726-738.
[28]ZHANG Yong,ZHENG Hong-liang,LIU Yue,SHI Lei,XURong-fu,TIAN Xue-lei.Cluster-assisted nucleation of silicon phase in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy with further inoculation[J].Acta Materialia,2014,70:162-173.
[29]ZHANG D L,ZHENG L H,STJOHN D H.Effect of a short solution treatment time on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified Al-7wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Mg alloy[J].Journal of Light Metals,2002,2:27-36.
[30]RATKE L,VOORHEES P W.Growth and coarsening[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2002.
[31]AAGESEN L K,JOHNSON A E,FIFE J L,VOORHEES P W,MIKSIS M J,POULSEN S O,LAURIDSEN E M,MARONE F,STAMPANONI M.Pinch-off of rods by bulk diffusion[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59:4922-4932.
[32]AAGESEN L K,JOHNSON A E,FIFE J L,VOORHEES P W,MIKSIS M J,POULSEN S O,LAURIDSEN E M,MARONE F,STAMPANONI M.Universality and self-similarity in pinch-off of rods by bulk diffusion[J].Nature Physics,2010,6:796-800.
[33]AARON H B,KOTLER G R.Second phase dissolution[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1971,2:393-408.
[34]VOORHEES P W,GLICKSMAN M E.Solution to the multi-particle diffusion problem with applications to Ostwald ripening.I:Theory[J].Acta Metallurgica,1984,32:2001-2011.
[35]LIFSHITZ I M,SLYOZOV V V.The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1961,19:35-50.
[36]SIMAR A,BRéCHET Y,de MEESTER B,DENQUIN A,GALLAISC,PARDOEN T.Integrated modeling of friction stir welding of 6xxx series Al alloys:Process,microstructure and properties[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57:95-183.
[37]YEH Jien-wei,LIU Wen-pin.The cracking mechanism of silicon particles in an A357 aluminum alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1996,27:3558-3568.
[38]ANTOLOVICH S D,ARMSTRONG R W.Plastic strain localization in metals:Origins and consequences[J].Progress in Materials Science,2014,59:1-160.
[2]JIA Liang-rong,XIONG Shou-mei,LIU Bai-cheng.Study on numerical simulation of mold filling and heat transfer in die casting process[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2000,16:269-272.
[3]OZHOGA-MASLOVSKAJA O,GARIBOLDI E,LEMKE J N.Conditions for blister formation during thermal cycles of Al-Si-Cu-Fe alloys for high pressure die-casting[J].Materials&Design,2016,92:151-159.
[4]YANG Chang-lin,LI Yuan-bing,DANG Bo,Lü He-bin,LIU Feng.Effects of cooling rate on solution heat treatment of as-cast A356alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25:3189-3196.
[5]DANG Bo,LIU Cong-cong,LIU Feng,LIU Ying-zhuo,LIYuan-bing.Effect of as-solidified microstructure on subsequent solution-treatment process for A356 Al alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26:634-642.
[6]CAO Han-xue,HAO Meng-yao,SHEN Chao,LIANG Peng.The influence of different vacuum degree on the porosity and mechanical properties of aluminum die casting[J].Vacuum,2017,146:278-281.
[7]LI Xiao-bo,XIONG Shou-mei,GUO Zhi-peng.Improved mechanical properties in vacuum-assist high-pressure die casting of AZ91D alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2016,231:1-7.
[8]LUMLEY R N,ODONNELL R G,GUNASEGARAM D R,GIVORD M.Heat treatment of high-pressure die castings[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2007,38:2564-2574.
[9]LUMLEY R N,POLMEAR I J,CURTIS P R.Rapid heat treatment of aluminum high-pressure die castings[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2009,40:1716-1726.
[10]YUAN Zi-hao,GUO Zhi-peng,XIONG Shou-mei.Effect of as-cast microstructure heterogeneity on aging behavior of a high-pressure die-cast A380 alloy[J].Materials Characterization,2018,135:278-286.
[11]YUAN Zi-hao,GUO Zhi-peng,XIONG Shou-mei.Different aging behaviors at surface layer and central region of a die-casting A380alloy during heat treatment[J].China Foundry,2017,14:506-512.
[12]VLACH M,?í?EK J,SMOLA B,MELIKHOVA O,VL?EK M,KODETOVáV,KUDRNOVáH,HRU?KA P.Heat treatment and age hardening of Al-Si-Mg-Mn commercial alloy with addition of Sc and Zr[J].Materials Characterization,2017,129:1-8.
[13]GAO Guan-jun,HE Chen,LI Yong,LI Jia-dong,WANG Zhao-dong,MISRA R D K.Influence of different solution methods on microstructure,precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:839-847.
[14]CUI Li-xin,LIU Zhen-xing,ZHAO Xiao-guang,TANG Jian-guo,LIU Ke,LIU Xing-xing,QIAN Chen.Precipitation of metastable phases and its effect on electrical resistivity of Al-0.96Mg2Si alloy during aging[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24:2266-2274.
[15]DING Li-peng,JIA Zhi-hong,ZHANG Zhi-qing,SANDERS R E,LIU Qing,YANG Guang.The natural aging and precipitation hardening behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Mg/Si ratios and Cu additions[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,627:119-126.
[16]DWIVEDI D K,SHARMA R,KUMAR A.Influence of silicon content and heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties of cast Al-Si-Mg alloys[J].International Journal of Cast Metals Research,2006,19:275-282.
[17]LADOS D A,APELIAN D,WANG Li-bo.Solution treatment effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-(1 to 13 pct)Si-Mg cast alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2011,42:171-180.
[18]LIN Yong-cheng,LUO Shun-cun,HUANG Jian,YIN Liang-xing,JIANG Xing-you.Effects of solution treatment on microstructures and micro-hardness of a Sr-modified Al-Si-Mg alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2018,725:530-540.
[19]FACCOLI M,DIONI D,CECCHEL S,CORNACCHIA G,PANVINIA.Optimization of heat treatment of gravity cast Sr-modified B356aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27:1698-1706.
[20]ROMETSCH P,ARNBERG L,ZHANG D L.Modelling dissolution of Mg2Si and homogenisation in Al-Si-Mg casting alloys[J].International Journal of Cast Metals Research,1999,12:1-8.
[21]MISHNAEVSKY L L Jr,LIPPMANN N,SCHMAUDER S,GUMBSCH P.In-situ observation of damage evolution and fracture in AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1999,63:395-411.
[22]MILKEREI?B,STARINK M J.Quench sensitivity of Al-Mg-Si alloys:A model for linear cooling and strengthening[J].Materials&Design,2015,76:117-129.
[23]CHOI S W,KIM Y M,LEE K M,CHO H S,HONG S K,KIM Y C,KANG C S,KUMAI S.The effects of cooling rate and heat treatment on mechanical and thermal characteristics of Al-Si-Cu-Mg foundry alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,617:654-659.
[24]RAGHAVAN V.Al-Mg-Si(aluminum-magnesium-silicon)[J].Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion,2007,28:174-179.
[25]FEUFEL H,G?DECKE T,LUKAS H L,SOMMER F.Investigation of the Al-Mg-Si system by experiments and thermodynamic calculations[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,1997,247:31-42.
[26]XIN Jing-hua,ZHANG Wei-bin,WANG Jian-chuan,ZHAODong-dong,DU Yong,ZHANG Li-jun,HUANG Bai-yun.Prediction of diffusivities in fcc phase of the Al-Cu-Mg system:First-principles calculations coupled with CALPHAD technique[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,90:32-43.
[27]MAZAHERY A,SHABANI M O.Modification mechanism and microstructural characteristics of eutectic Si in casting Al-Si alloys:A review on experimental and numerical studies[J].JOM,2014,66:726-738.
[28]ZHANG Yong,ZHENG Hong-liang,LIU Yue,SHI Lei,XURong-fu,TIAN Xue-lei.Cluster-assisted nucleation of silicon phase in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy with further inoculation[J].Acta Materialia,2014,70:162-173.
[29]ZHANG D L,ZHENG L H,STJOHN D H.Effect of a short solution treatment time on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified Al-7wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Mg alloy[J].Journal of Light Metals,2002,2:27-36.
[30]RATKE L,VOORHEES P W.Growth and coarsening[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2002.
[31]AAGESEN L K,JOHNSON A E,FIFE J L,VOORHEES P W,MIKSIS M J,POULSEN S O,LAURIDSEN E M,MARONE F,STAMPANONI M.Pinch-off of rods by bulk diffusion[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59:4922-4932.
[32]AAGESEN L K,JOHNSON A E,FIFE J L,VOORHEES P W,MIKSIS M J,POULSEN S O,LAURIDSEN E M,MARONE F,STAMPANONI M.Universality and self-similarity in pinch-off of rods by bulk diffusion[J].Nature Physics,2010,6:796-800.
[33]AARON H B,KOTLER G R.Second phase dissolution[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1971,2:393-408.
[34]VOORHEES P W,GLICKSMAN M E.Solution to the multi-particle diffusion problem with applications to Ostwald ripening.I:Theory[J].Acta Metallurgica,1984,32:2001-2011.
[35]LIFSHITZ I M,SLYOZOV V V.The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1961,19:35-50.
[36]SIMAR A,BRéCHET Y,de MEESTER B,DENQUIN A,GALLAISC,PARDOEN T.Integrated modeling of friction stir welding of 6xxx series Al alloys:Process,microstructure and properties[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57:95-183.
[37]YEH Jien-wei,LIU Wen-pin.The cracking mechanism of silicon particles in an A357 aluminum alloy[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1996,27:3558-3568.
[38]ANTOLOVICH S D,ARMSTRONG R W.Plastic strain localization in metals:Origins and consequences[J].Progress in Materials Science,2014,59:1-160.