中—上扬子地区震旦纪陡山沱组沉积期岩相古地理及勘探意义
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摘要
近年来四川盆地及邻区震旦系灯影组天然气及陡山沱组页岩气勘探均取得重大突破,但对陡山沱组的沉积背景条件缺乏系统研究。利用大量露头资料,结合少量钻井、地震资料,分析了中—上扬子地区陡山沱组沉积期岩相古地理格局、沉积环境、沉积演化及烃源岩分布。研究表明:(1)中—上扬子地区陡山沱组沉积期沉积充填序列及地层分布受古隆起和边缘凹陷控制。古隆起区陡山沱组超覆沉积,厚度薄,发育滨岸相、混积陆棚相、非典型碳酸盐台地相;边缘凹陷地层齐全、厚度大,发育深水陆棚相和局限海盆相。(2)陡山沱组沉积序列总体表现为"海侵-高位-海退"的一个完整沉积旋回。陡山沱组一段为海侵初期的非典型碳酸盐缓坡沉积,陡山沱组二段为广泛海侵期的滨岸—混积陆棚沉积,陡山沱组三段为海侵高位阶段的非典型局限—开阔海台地沉积。(3)陡山沱组二段发育富有机质黑色页岩,分布稳定、厚度大,是重要的烃源岩发育层段和页岩气主力层段;陡山沱组三段以微生物碳酸盐岩为特征,有较好的储集条件,有利于天然气及磷等矿产资源成藏(矿)富集,为值得重视的新领域。秦岭海槽、鄂西海槽是天然气(包括页岩气)及磷矿、锰矿等矿产资源勘查的有利区。
In recent years, natural gas exploration in the Sinian Dengying Formation and shale gas exploration in Doushantuo Formation have made major breakthroughs in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. However, the sedimentary background of the Doushantuo Formation hasn't been studied systematically. The sedimentary paleogeographic pattern, sedimentary environment, sedimentary evolution and distribution of source rocks during the depositional stage of Doushantuo Formation were systematically analyzed by using a large amount of outcrop data, and a small amount of drilling and seismic data.(1) The sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic distribution of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in the middle-upper Yangtze region were controlled by paleo-uplifts and marginal sags. The Doushantuo Formation in the paleouplift region was overlayed with thin thickness, including shore facies, mixed continental shelf facies and atypical carbonate platform facies. The marginal sag had complete strata and large thickness, and developed deep water shelf facies and restricted basin facies.(2) The Doushantuo Formation is divided into four members from bottom to top, and the sedimentary sequence is a complete sedimentary cycle of transgression–high position–regression. The first member is atypical carbonate gentle slope deposit in the early stage of the transgression, the second member is shore-mixed shelf deposit in the extensive transgression period, and the third member is atypical restricted–open sea platform deposit of the high position of the transgression.(3) The second member has organic-rich black shale developed with stable distribution and large thickness, which is an important source rock interval and major shale gas interval. The third member is characterized by microbial carbonate rock and has good storage conditions which is conducive to the accumulation of natural gas, phosphate and other mineral resources, so it is a new area worthy of attention. The Qinling trough and western Hubei trough are favorable areas for exploration of natural gas(including shale gas) and mineral resources such as phosphate and manganese ore.
In recent years, natural gas exploration in the Sinian Dengying Formation and shale gas exploration in Doushantuo Formation have made major breakthroughs in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. However, the sedimentary background of the Doushantuo Formation hasn't been studied systematically. The sedimentary paleogeographic pattern, sedimentary environment, sedimentary evolution and distribution of source rocks during the depositional stage of Doushantuo Formation were systematically analyzed by using a large amount of outcrop data, and a small amount of drilling and seismic data.(1) The sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic distribution of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in the middle-upper Yangtze region were controlled by paleo-uplifts and marginal sags. The Doushantuo Formation in the paleouplift region was overlayed with thin thickness, including shore facies, mixed continental shelf facies and atypical carbonate platform facies. The marginal sag had complete strata and large thickness, and developed deep water shelf facies and restricted basin facies.(2) The Doushantuo Formation is divided into four members from bottom to top, and the sedimentary sequence is a complete sedimentary cycle of transgression–high position–regression. The first member is atypical carbonate gentle slope deposit in the early stage of the transgression, the second member is shore-mixed shelf deposit in the extensive transgression period, and the third member is atypical restricted–open sea platform deposit of the high position of the transgression.(3) The second member has organic-rich black shale developed with stable distribution and large thickness, which is an important source rock interval and major shale gas interval. The third member is characterized by microbial carbonate rock and has good storage conditions which is conducive to the accumulation of natural gas, phosphate and other mineral resources, so it is a new area worthy of attention. The Qinling trough and western Hubei trough are favorable areas for exploration of natural gas(including shale gas) and mineral resources such as phosphate and manganese ore.
引文
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[2]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.ZOU Caineng,DU Jinhu,XU Chunchun,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the SinianCambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[3]翟刚毅.古隆起边缘成藏模式与湖北宜昌页岩气重大发现[J].地球学报,2017,38(4):441-447.ZHAI Gangyi.Reservoir accumulation model at the edge of Palaeohigh and significant discovery of shale gas in Yichang Area,Hubei Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(4):441-447.
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[7]汪啸风,陈孝红,王传尚,等.震旦系底界及内部年代地层单位划分[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(S1):370-376.WANG Xiaofeng,CHEN Xiaohong,WANG Chuanshang,et al.Division of stratigraphic units at the bottom of Sinian system and its interior[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2001,25(S1):370-376.
[8]周传明,薛耀松,张俊明,等.贵州瓮安磷矿上震旦统陡山沱组地层和沉积环境[J].地层学杂志,1998,22(4):308-317.ZHOU Chuanming,XUE Yaosong,ZHANG Junming,et al.Strata and sedimentary environment of Doushantuo Formation of upper Sinian series in Weng’an phosphate mine,Guizhou[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1998,22(4):308-317.
[9]柳永清,尹崇玉,高林志,等.峡东震旦系层型剖面沉积相研究[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):9-16.LIU Yongqing,YIN Chongyu,GAO Linzhi,et al.Study on sedimentary facies of Sinian strata type profile in the eastern gorge[J].Geological Review,2003,49(2):9-16.
[10]杨爱华,朱茂炎,张俊明,等.扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比[J].古地理学报,2015,17(1):1-20.YANG Aihua,ZHU Maoyan,ZHANG Junming,et al.Ediacaran(Sinian)Doushantuo of Yangtze plate sequence stratigraphic division and correlation of formation[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(1):1-20.
[11]邓胜徽,樊茹,李鑫,等.四川盆地及周缘地区震旦(埃迪卡拉)系划分与对比[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(3):239-254.DENG Shenghui,FAN Ru,LI Xin,et al.Division and correlation of Sinian(Ediacara)series in Sichuan basin and its periphery[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2015,39(3):239-254.
[12]赵自强,邢裕盛,马国干,等.震旦纪分册:长江三峡地区生物地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.ZHAO Ziqiang,XING Yusheng,MA Guogan,et al.Sinian fascicle:Biostratigraphy of the three Gorges region of the Yangtze river[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1983.
[13]陈孟莪,萧宗正,袁训来.晚震旦世的特种生物群落:庙河生物群新知[J].古生物学报,1994,33(4):291-304.CHEN Meng’e,XIAO Zongzheng,YUAN Xunlai.New knowledge of Miaohe biota:A special biota in the late Sinian era[J].Journal of Palaeontology,1994,33(4):291-304.
[14]陈孝红,张国涛,胡亚.鄂西宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组页岩沉积环境及其页岩气地质意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2016,32(2):106-116.CHEN Xiaohong,ZHANG Guotao,HU Ya.Shale sedimentary environment of the Ediacaran Doushantuo formation and its shale gas geological significance in Yichang area,western Hubei[J].South China Geology and Minerals,2016,32(2):106-116.
[15]彭波,刘羽琛,漆富成,等.鄂西地区陡山沱组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].地质论评,2017,63(5):1293-1305.PENG Bo,LIU Yuchen,QI Fucheng,et al.study on geological conditions of shale gas accumulation in Doushantuo formation in western Hubei[J].Geological Review,2017,63(5):1293-1305.
[16]单长安,张廷山,郭军杰,等.中扬子北部上震旦统陡山沱组地质特征及页岩气资源潜力分析[J].中国地质,2015,42(6):1944-1958.SHAN Chang’an,ZHANG Tingshan,GUO Junjie,et al.Geological characteristics and shale gas resource potential analysis of Doushantuo formation of upper Sinian in northern middle Yangtze[J].Chinese Geology,2015,42(6):1944-1958.
[17]刘静江,李伟,张宝民,等.上扬子地区震旦纪沉积古地理[J].古地理学报,2015,17(6):735-753.LIU Jingjiang,LI Wei,ZHANG Baomin,et al.Sedimentary paleogeography of Sinian in upper Yangtze region[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(6):735-753.
[18]刘静江,张宝民,周慧.灰泥丘系统分类及石油地质特征[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.LIU Jingjiang,ZHANG Baomin,ZHOU Hui.Stucco mound system classification and petroleum geological characteristics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2016.
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