基于生命周期的水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术环境影响评价
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摘要
水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术既能实现生活垃圾的减容,同时垃圾可为水泥工业提供能量和原料,降低水泥行业能源和资源的消耗。但与传统的生活垃圾处置技术相比,该技术的环境效益仍有待考察。采用生命周期评价方法,分析了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的环境影响,并与传统的垃圾焚烧技术和垃圾填埋技术进行了对比。结果表明:水泥原料制备和水泥生产过程是水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术产生环境影响的主要环节;相比于垃圾焚烧技术和垃圾填埋技术,水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术在全球变暖潜值方面表现最优,分别降低了2.4%和3.6%;在富营养化潜值方面,该技术高于垃圾焚烧技术但低于垃圾填埋技术;在酸化潜值和人体毒性潜值方面,该技术表现不佳,在未来发展中需要引起重视。随着水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的成熟与优化,其环境表现将会越来越好,是一项环境友好的固废处置技术。
Co-processing of municipal solid waste in cement kilns is a win-win technology,which not only disposes municipal solid waste(MSW),but also provides cement kilns with energy and raw materials.However,compared with the traditional MSW disposal technology,the effect on the environment of this technology remains to be examined.This paper adopts life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of co-processing of MSW in cement kilns and compares with that of MSW incineration and landfill technology.The results show that production of cement raw material and process of cement production are the main contributors to environmental burdens for coprocessing of MSW in cement kilns.Compared with MSW incineration and landfill,co-processing of MSW in cement kilns performs best in terms of global warming potential,decreased by 2.4% and 3.6% respectively;its eutrophication potential is higher than that of waste incineration but lower than that of landfill technology;in terms of acidification and human toxicity,its performance is the worst,and this needs to be taken seriously in the future development.With the maturation and optimization of co-processing of MSW in cement kilns,the environmental performance of the technology will become better.In a word,co-processing of solid waste in the cement kilns is an environmentally friendly technology.
Co-processing of municipal solid waste in cement kilns is a win-win technology,which not only disposes municipal solid waste(MSW),but also provides cement kilns with energy and raw materials.However,compared with the traditional MSW disposal technology,the effect on the environment of this technology remains to be examined.This paper adopts life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of co-processing of MSW in cement kilns and compares with that of MSW incineration and landfill technology.The results show that production of cement raw material and process of cement production are the main contributors to environmental burdens for coprocessing of MSW in cement kilns.Compared with MSW incineration and landfill,co-processing of MSW in cement kilns performs best in terms of global warming potential,decreased by 2.4% and 3.6% respectively;its eutrophication potential is higher than that of waste incineration but lower than that of landfill technology;in terms of acidification and human toxicity,its performance is the worst,and this needs to be taken seriously in the future development.With the maturation and optimization of co-processing of MSW in cement kilns,the environmental performance of the technology will become better.In a word,co-processing of solid waste in the cement kilns is an environmentally friendly technology.
引文
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[14]ISO.Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Principles and Framework:ISO 14040[S].Switzerland:International Organisation for Standardisation,2006.
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[16]雷永佳,姚景,赵飞,等.成都市生活垃圾两种处理方式的生命周期环境影响评价[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(4):75-79.
[17]能源专业知识服务系统.2014年中国分能源消耗结构图[EB/OL].http://tb.energy.ckcest.cn/Visualchart/?type=22&tid=2332017.
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[19]王建军,刘延锋,尤伟静.地热工程生命周期的环境影响评价[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(5):104-108.
[20]Kaddatz K T,Rasul M G,Rahman A.Alternative fuels for use in cement kilns:Process impact modelling[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,56:413-420.
[21]Huntzinger D N,Eatmon T D.A life-cycle assessment of Portland cement manufacturing:Comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2009,17(7):668-675.
[2]林晓青,李晓东,陈彤,等.硫氨基循环抑制烟气二噁英生成的试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):289-293.
[3]鞠昌华,朱琳,朱洪标,等.我国农村生活垃圾处置存在的问题及对策[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(4):99-103.
[4]毛庚仁,张涌新,文雯,等.我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及焚烧法的可行性分析[J].城市发展研究,2010,17(9):12-16.
[5]陈彤.城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英的形成机理及控制技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[6]孙杨涛.浙江省生活垃圾焚烧处理邻避效应的成因和对策研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[7]董桢.水泥窑协同处理城市生活垃圾系统研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[8]张会来,周欣,刘辰,等.某5 000t/d新型干法水泥生产线铠装化SNCR脱硝设备应用[J].环境工程,2014,32(9):158-162.
[9]Li Y,Chen T,Zhang J,et al.Mass balance of dioxins over a cement kiln in China[J].Waste Management,2015,36:130-135.
[10]Li Y,Wang H,Zhang J,et al.Disposal of obsolete pesticides including DDT in a Chinese cement plant as blueprint for future environmentally sound co-processing of hazardous waste including POPs in the cement industry[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,16:624-627.
[11]李叶青,严密,张江,等.垃圾焚烧系统除尘器选择及对水泥窑协同处置固废系统尾气除尘设备的借鉴[J].中国水泥,2014,12:77-80.
[12]Genon G,Brizio E.Perspectives and limits for cement kilns as a destination for RDF[J].Waste Management,2008,28:2375-2385.
[13]Li C,Nie Z,Cui S,et al.The life cycle inventory study of cement manufacture in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,72:204-211.
[14]ISO.Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Principles and Framework:ISO 14040[S].Switzerland:International Organisation for Standardisation,2006.
[15]ISO.Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Requirements and Guidelines:ISO 14044[S].Switzerland:International Organisation for Standardisation,2006.
[16]雷永佳,姚景,赵飞,等.成都市生活垃圾两种处理方式的生命周期环境影响评价[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(4):75-79.
[17]能源专业知识服务系统.2014年中国分能源消耗结构图[EB/OL].http://tb.energy.ckcest.cn/Visualchart/?type=22&tid=2332017.
[18]Zhou Z,Tang Y,Chi Y,et al.Waste-to-energy:A review of life cycle assessment and its extension methods[J].Waste Management&Research,2018,36:3-16.
[19]王建军,刘延锋,尤伟静.地热工程生命周期的环境影响评价[J].安全与环境工程,2014,21(5):104-108.
[20]Kaddatz K T,Rasul M G,Rahman A.Alternative fuels for use in cement kilns:Process impact modelling[J].Procedia Engineering,2013,56:413-420.
[21]Huntzinger D N,Eatmon T D.A life-cycle assessment of Portland cement manufacturing:Comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2009,17(7):668-675.