野菊对Cd元素吸收特性及其对药材品质的影响
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摘要
对栽培基质浇灌不同浓度Cd Cl2溶液从而对野菊植株进行镉(Cd)胁迫,测定收获期野菊不同部位和栽培基质中Cd元素含量及野菊花中蒙花苷、总黄酮的含量,分析野菊植株对Cd元素的吸收特性和Cd元素对药材品质的影响。研究结果表明,栽培基质Cd元素施加量在0～100 mg·kg~(-1)对野菊生物量影响不显著,根冠比呈现减小—增大—减小趋势。野菊不同部位Cd元素含量差异显著,整体上地上部分含量高于地下部分。野菊各部位对Cd元素富集系数变化趋势不同,地上部分富集系数大于地下部分,各部位及植株整体呈现先增大后减小趋势,整体富集系数均大于1。野菊植株地上部分/地下部分转移系数随着栽培基质中Cd元素施加量增加呈现减小—增大—减小—增大的趋势,并且转移系数均高于1。经过Cd胁迫处理后的野菊花活性成分蒙花苷、总黄酮含量均低于对照,整体表现为先降低后升高趋势,但仍显著低于对照,说明Cd污染会直接导致野菊花药材品质的降低。
The Cd stress of Chrysanthemum indicum was treated by different concentrations of Cd Cl2 solution in the culture substrate. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum and the content of buddleoside and the total flavonoids in Ch. indicum were determined. The absorption characteristics of Cd elements in Ch. indicum were analyzed. And the influence of Cd elements on the quality of the herbs. The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch. indicum,and the root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum was significantly different,and the content of aboveground part was higher than that of underground part. The enrichment factors of Cd elements in different parts of Ch. indicum are different. The enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts is larger than that of underground parts. The whole parts and plants show an increase first and then decrease,and the overall enrichment factor is greater than1. The transfer coefficient of the aerial part/underground part of Ch. indicum showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with the increase of the amount of Cd applied in the soil,and the transfer coefficient was higher than 1. The contents of buddleoside and total flavonoids in Ch. indicum after Cd stress treatment were lower than the control,and the overall performance was lower and then increased,but it was still significantly lower than the control,indicating that Cd pollution directly led to the decrease of chemical quality of Ch. indicum.
The Cd stress of Chrysanthemum indicum was treated by different concentrations of Cd Cl2 solution in the culture substrate. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum and the content of buddleoside and the total flavonoids in Ch. indicum were determined. The absorption characteristics of Cd elements in Ch. indicum were analyzed. And the influence of Cd elements on the quality of the herbs. The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch. indicum,and the root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum was significantly different,and the content of aboveground part was higher than that of underground part. The enrichment factors of Cd elements in different parts of Ch. indicum are different. The enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts is larger than that of underground parts. The whole parts and plants show an increase first and then decrease,and the overall enrichment factor is greater than1. The transfer coefficient of the aerial part/underground part of Ch. indicum showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with the increase of the amount of Cd applied in the soil,and the transfer coefficient was higher than 1. The contents of buddleoside and total flavonoids in Ch. indicum after Cd stress treatment were lower than the control,and the overall performance was lower and then increased,but it was still significantly lower than the control,indicating that Cd pollution directly led to the decrease of chemical quality of Ch. indicum.
引文
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[25] Ross S M. Toxic metals in soil-plant systems.[J]. J Appl Ecol,1994,32(4):889.
[26] Chaney R L,Malik M,Li Y M,et al. Phytoremediation of soilmetals[J]. Curr Opin Biotech,1997,8(3):279.
[27]黄璐琦,郭兰萍.环境胁迫下次生代谢产物的积累及道地药材的形成[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(4):277.
[2]毛海立,王雪,杨艳.磷尾矿堆积区常见植物对重金属的吸收和富集特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(11):46.
[3]刘灿,邹冬生,朱佳文.湘西铅锌矿区土壤和植物重金属污染现状[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(35):21743.
[4]叶国华,宋学玲. 5种中药材重金属含量的测定[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(9):2220.
[5]郑琪,南铁贵,袁媛,等. 9种市售药材中重金属含量调查[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(3):14.
[6]郭巧生,汪涛,程俐陶,等.药用菊花不同栽培类型总黄酮动态积累研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(11):1237.
[7]郭巧生,房海灵,申海进.不同产地野菊花中绿原酸、咖啡酸和蒙花苷含量[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(9):1160.
[8]中国药典.四部[S].2015:205.
[9]潘义宏,王宏镔,谷兆萍,等.大型水生植物对重金属的富集与转移[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6430.
[10]李庚飞. 4种菊科植物对重金属吸收的比较研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(3):57.
[11] Prasad M N V. Phytoremediation of metal-polluted ecosystems:hype for commercialization[J]. Russ J Plant Physiol,2003,50(5):686.
[12]多立安,高玉葆,赵树兰.早熟禾对4种重金属胁迫生长响应特征[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):183.
[13] Lu L,Tian S,Yang X,et al. Enhanced root-to-shoot translocationof cadmium in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii[J]. J Exp Bot,2008,59(11):3203.
[14]孙琴,袁信芳,王晓蓉.环境因子对小麦体内镉的生物毒性和植物络合素合成的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1360.
[15] Cobbett C S. Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxi-fication[J]. Plant Physiol,2000,123(3):825.
[16]李琳莉,江帆,丁小艳,等.黔产刺梨不同部位重金属污染与分布特征[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(18):70.
[17]潘义宏,王宏镔,谷兆萍,等.大型水生植物对重金属的富集与转移[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6430.
[18]徐向华,施积炎,陈新才,等.锰在商陆叶片的细胞分布及化学形态分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):515.
[19]陈英旭,陈新才,于明革.土壤重金属的植物污染化学研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(12):42.
[20] Kupper H,Zhao F J,Mc Grath S P. Cellular compartmentationof zinc in leaves of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens[J]. Plant Physiol,1999,119(1):305.
[21]魏树和,周启星.重金属污染土壤植物修复基本原理及强化措施探讨[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):65.
[22]魏树和,周启星,王新. 18种杂草对重金属的超积累特性研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2003,11(2):152.
[23] Mattina M J I,Lannucci Berger W,Musante C,et al. Concurrentplant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutantsform soil[J].Environ Pollut,2003,124(3):375.
[24]曲仲湘,吴玉树,王焕校,等.植物生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1983:81.
[25] Ross S M. Toxic metals in soil-plant systems.[J]. J Appl Ecol,1994,32(4):889.
[26] Chaney R L,Malik M,Li Y M,et al. Phytoremediation of soilmetals[J]. Curr Opin Biotech,1997,8(3):279.
[27]黄璐琦,郭兰萍.环境胁迫下次生代谢产物的积累及道地药材的形成[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(4):277.