诺沃霉素A对茶轮斑病的防治效果
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摘要
茶轮斑病是茶树的一种重要叶部病害,防治该病害通常使用化学杀菌剂。化学杀菌剂的频繁使用易使病菌产生抗药性并造成农药残留,因此,需要更为安全有效的防治方法。诺沃霉素A是由植生链霉菌HEBRC-20821分泌的一种新型32元环大环内酯类化合物。本研究探索了诺沃霉素A在离体条件下对拟盘多毛孢的抑菌活性及对感染茶轮斑病离体叶片的防治效果。诺沃霉素A在离体条件下对茶拟盘多毛孢的菌丝生长具有强烈抑制作用,抑制中浓度为2.11μg/mL。当用5μg/mL诺沃霉素A处理菌丝后,在显微镜下可见茶拟盘多毛孢菌丝形态发生异常。在离体叶片条件下,诺沃霉素A在75和150μg/mL浓度下对茶轮斑病防效分别为68.29%和100%。在2 000和4 000μg/mL浓度下诺沃霉素A对茶叶没有产生药害。诺沃霉素A有望成为防治茶轮斑病的一种新型药剂。
Gray blight is an important foliar disease of tea plant. Controlling this disease usually relies on chemical fungicides, but overusing of fungicide may lead to resistance of pathogen and pesticide residue, so it is necessary to search for alternative methods. Novonestmycin A is a new 32-membered macrolide compounds produced by Streptomyces phytohabitans HBERC-20821. In order to explore the application of novonestmycin A on controlling gray blight of tea, the bioassay was conducted in vitro and in detached leaves. It strongly inhibited mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis theae in vitro, with the median inhibitory concentration of 2.11 μg/mL. When treated with novonestmycin A at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, hyphae morphology became irregular in optical microscope. When the leaves were sprayed with novonestmycin A at the concentration of 75 and 150 μg/mL,the control efficiencies were 68.29% and 100%, respectively. Novonestmycin A had no injure on epidermis of tea at the concentration of 2 000 and 4 000 μg/mL, thus it has potential as a new fungicide in controlling gray blight of tea.
Gray blight is an important foliar disease of tea plant. Controlling this disease usually relies on chemical fungicides, but overusing of fungicide may lead to resistance of pathogen and pesticide residue, so it is necessary to search for alternative methods. Novonestmycin A is a new 32-membered macrolide compounds produced by Streptomyces phytohabitans HBERC-20821. In order to explore the application of novonestmycin A on controlling gray blight of tea, the bioassay was conducted in vitro and in detached leaves. It strongly inhibited mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis theae in vitro, with the median inhibitory concentration of 2.11 μg/mL. When treated with novonestmycin A at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, hyphae morphology became irregular in optical microscope. When the leaves were sprayed with novonestmycin A at the concentration of 75 and 150 μg/mL,the control efficiencies were 68.29% and 100%, respectively. Novonestmycin A had no injure on epidermis of tea at the concentration of 2 000 and 4 000 μg/mL, thus it has potential as a new fungicide in controlling gray blight of tea.
引文
[1] 王效举,陈鸿昭.茶园—土壤系统的某些生物地球化学特征[J].土壤,1993,25(4):196-200.
[2] 乔春连,布仁巴音.合成氮肥对中国茶园土壤养分供应和活性氮流失的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):174-181.
[3] PALLAV R V, NEPOLEAN P, BALAMURUGAN A, et al. In vitro, studies of biocontrol agents and fungicides tolerance against grey blight disease in tea [J]. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, 2(1): S435-S438.
[4] PALANISAMY S, MANDAL A K. Susceptibility against grey blight disease-causing fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) cultivars is influenced by anti-oxidative enzymes [J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 172(1): 216-223.
[5] SANJAY R, PONMURUGAN P, BABY U I.Evaluation of fungicides and biocontrol agents against grey blight disease of tea in the field [J]. Crop Protection, 2008, 27(3):689-694.
[6] HORIKAWA T. Effective fungicides and application time for control of tea gray blight caused by Pestalotia longiseta Speg.[J]. Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku, 2009, 1982(65): 55-60.
[7] ONIKI M, NARISAWA N, ANDO Y. Incidence of strains of the tea gray blight fungi Pestalotia longiseta and P.theae resistant to benzimidazole fungicides in Japan [J]. Tea Research Report, 1986(64): 29-33.
[8] WAN Zhongyi, FANG Wei, SHI Liqiao, et al. Novonestmycins A and B, two new 32-membered bioactive macrolides from Streptomyces phytohabitans HBERC-20821 [J].Journal of Antibiotics, 2015, 68(3): 185-190.
[9] 李应详,王勇.贵州省都匀市茶轮斑病病原鉴定及生物学特征的研究[J].中国茶叶加工,2013(3):37-40.
[10] 闫徳博,卢彩鸽,王俊丽,等.利迪链霉菌G117产纳他霉素发酵培养基的优化[J].华北农学报,2015,30(S1):296-302.
[2] 乔春连,布仁巴音.合成氮肥对中国茶园土壤养分供应和活性氮流失的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):174-181.
[3] PALLAV R V, NEPOLEAN P, BALAMURUGAN A, et al. In vitro, studies of biocontrol agents and fungicides tolerance against grey blight disease in tea [J]. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012, 2(1): S435-S438.
[4] PALANISAMY S, MANDAL A K. Susceptibility against grey blight disease-causing fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) cultivars is influenced by anti-oxidative enzymes [J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014, 172(1): 216-223.
[5] SANJAY R, PONMURUGAN P, BABY U I.Evaluation of fungicides and biocontrol agents against grey blight disease of tea in the field [J]. Crop Protection, 2008, 27(3):689-694.
[6] HORIKAWA T. Effective fungicides and application time for control of tea gray blight caused by Pestalotia longiseta Speg.[J]. Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku, 2009, 1982(65): 55-60.
[7] ONIKI M, NARISAWA N, ANDO Y. Incidence of strains of the tea gray blight fungi Pestalotia longiseta and P.theae resistant to benzimidazole fungicides in Japan [J]. Tea Research Report, 1986(64): 29-33.
[8] WAN Zhongyi, FANG Wei, SHI Liqiao, et al. Novonestmycins A and B, two new 32-membered bioactive macrolides from Streptomyces phytohabitans HBERC-20821 [J].Journal of Antibiotics, 2015, 68(3): 185-190.
[9] 李应详,王勇.贵州省都匀市茶轮斑病病原鉴定及生物学特征的研究[J].中国茶叶加工,2013(3):37-40.
[10] 闫徳博,卢彩鸽,王俊丽,等.利迪链霉菌G117产纳他霉素发酵培养基的优化[J].华北农学报,2015,30(S1):296-302.