基于网络瓶颈控制的轨道交通车站客流疏导研究
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摘要
轨道交通客流在特定时空区间的强聚集效应导致车站内部设施的服务能力与客流量不匹配,极易造成乘客拥堵、滞留等问题。通过对轨道交通车站客流流线大范围调研,确定服务设施实际通行能力,识别车站瓶颈区域。进而利用多点联动的瓶颈控制方法,构建网络瓶颈客流疏导模型,协调流线网络结构中设施通行能力的匹配度,计算瓶颈点上下游客流调节量。以北京东单地铁换乘站为例进行流线瓶颈优化,制定不同客流强度下瓶颈优化方案,验证模型的有效性和实用性。模型可协助车站管理人员明确瓶颈控制区域的范围,并制定详细的限流泄流乘客量分配,为高密度客流组织提供理论依据与数据支撑。
The service capacity of subway station facilities does not accommodate huge passenger demands due to the strong cluster effect of subway passenger flow in a particular time and space. System service quality declines rapidly, thereby leading to the congestion and detention of passengers in the station during peak periods. In this paper, large-scale investigation of subway station streamline and facilities are carried out and the actual capacity of service facilities are measured. The bottleneck areas of the rail transit station are then classified by passenger streamline. Thus, a network bottleneck passenger flow distribution model is built using multipoint interlink gating control method. The regulation of passenger volume in the bottleneck area is then calculated by analyzing the matching degree of facility capacity in the streamline network structure.A case study of Dongdan station in Beijing is considered where the model is implemented to control streamline bottleneck.In addition, the bottleneck optimization scheme is calculated for different passenger flow intensities. The validity and practicality of model are verified and thus provide the theoretical basis and data support for high-density passenger flow organization. The model can assist station managers to determine the bottleneck control area and to develop detailed passenger flow assignment.
The service capacity of subway station facilities does not accommodate huge passenger demands due to the strong cluster effect of subway passenger flow in a particular time and space. System service quality declines rapidly, thereby leading to the congestion and detention of passengers in the station during peak periods. In this paper, large-scale investigation of subway station streamline and facilities are carried out and the actual capacity of service facilities are measured. The bottleneck areas of the rail transit station are then classified by passenger streamline. Thus, a network bottleneck passenger flow distribution model is built using multipoint interlink gating control method. The regulation of passenger volume in the bottleneck area is then calculated by analyzing the matching degree of facility capacity in the streamline network structure.A case study of Dongdan station in Beijing is considered where the model is implemented to control streamline bottleneck.In addition, the bottleneck optimization scheme is calculated for different passenger flow intensities. The validity and practicality of model are verified and thus provide the theoretical basis and data support for high-density passenger flow organization. The model can assist station managers to determine the bottleneck control area and to develop detailed passenger flow assignment.
引文
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[14]SUN L,LUO W,YAO L,et al.A comparative study of funnel shape bottlenecks in subway stations[J].Transportation research,part A,2017,98:14-27.
[15]王福建,龚成宇,马东方,等.采用交通出行量数据的多点联动瓶颈控制方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2017,51(2):273-278.WANG Fujian,GONG Chengyu,MA Dongfang,et al.Signal coordination control for traffic bottleneck using OD data[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,2017,51(2):273-278.
[16]地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Metro design technical standards:GB50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[2]陈波.地铁车站大客流组织措施[J].都市快轨交通,2015,28(3):20-23.CHEN Bo.Organizational measures for large passenger flow in subway station[J].Urban rapid rail transit,2015,28(3):20-23.
[3]孙宝凤,高晶鑫,贾洪飞.基于流线分析的客运枢纽设施布置改进方法[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(12):1637-1642.SUN Baofeng,GAO Jingxin,JIA Hongfei.Improved facility layout planning for passenger terminal based on streamline analysis[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2009,35(12):1637-1642.
[4]SUBPRASOM K,SENEVIRATNE P N.Cost-based space estimation in passenger terminal[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2002,128(2):191-197.
[5]崔华伟,贾俊芳.铁路客运综合交通枢纽流线特点及组织研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2007,29(5):26-29.CUI Huawei,JIA Junfang.Research on streamline characteristics and organization of railway passenger transport hub[J].Railway transport and economy,2007,29(5):26-29.
[6]张素芳.大型客运站旅客流线优化模型与方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.ZHANG Sufang.Research on model and method for passenger flow optimization in a large Integrated traffic terminal[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.
[7]SEYFRIED A,PASSON O,STEFFEN B,et al.New insights into pedestrian flow through bottlenecks[J].Transportation science,2009,43(3):395-406.
[8]付婷.城市轨道交通车站集散能力瓶颈识别[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.FU Ting.Bottleneck identification of urban rail transit station collection and distribution capacity[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[9]胡清梅,方卫宁,李广燕,等.地铁车站出口布局对人群疏散性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2009,31(3):111-115.HU Qingmei,FANG Weining,LI Guangyan,et al.Influence of exit layout of a metro station on pedestrian evacuation[J].Journal of China Railway Society,2009,31(3):111-115.
[10]陈绍宽,刘爽,肖雄,等.基于M/G/c/c模型的地铁车站楼梯通道疏散能力瓶颈分析[J].铁道学报,2012,34(1):7-12.CHEN Shaokuan,LIU Shuang,XIAO Xiong,et al.M/G/c/c based model of passenger evacuation capacity of stairs and corridors in metro stations[J].Journal of China Railway Society,2012,34(1):7-12.
[11]蒋万军,白雪梅.大型综合交通枢纽流线组织设计[J].都市快轨交通,2014,27(4):12-16.JIANG Wanjun,BAI Xuemei.Streamline organization design of large-scale comprehensive transportation hub[J].Urban rapid rail transit,2014,27(4):12-16.
[12]北京市人民政府.北京市城市轨道交通安全运营管理办法[S].北京:北京市人民政府公报,2009(10).Beijing Municipal People’s Government.Beijing urban rail transit safety management measures[S].Beijing:Communique of Beijing Municipal People’s Government,2009(10).
[13]王淑伟,孙立山,荣建.轨道交通站点超大客流管控措施研究[J].都市快轨交通,2014,27(1):16-18.WANG Shuwei,SUN Lishan,RONG Jian.Study on the control measures of rail transit large passenger flow[J].Urban rapid rail transit,2014,27(1):16-18.
[14]SUN L,LUO W,YAO L,et al.A comparative study of funnel shape bottlenecks in subway stations[J].Transportation research,part A,2017,98:14-27.
[15]王福建,龚成宇,马东方,等.采用交通出行量数据的多点联动瓶颈控制方法[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2017,51(2):273-278.WANG Fujian,GONG Chengyu,MA Dongfang,et al.Signal coordination control for traffic bottleneck using OD data[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,2017,51(2):273-278.
[16]地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Metro design technical standards:GB50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
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