基于Shannon多样性t检验法的土地利用景观分区研究——以重庆市永川区为例
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摘要
[目的]根据区域景观差异性进行土地利用景观分区,以期为土地利用分区和土地利用政策制定提供理论依据。[方法]文章以重庆市永川区为研究对象,以2005年和2015年的遥感影像为基础数据源,借助RS和GIS技术对2期的影像进行解译,得到永川区2期土地利用类型图;利用景观指数法与Shannon多样性t值检验法进行全区土地利用景观格局变化的数量结构和各乡镇土地利用景观变化显著性分区研究。[结果](1)从类别层级分析,2005—2015年间,建设用地、林地表现为增加趋势,耕地、草地、未利用地表现为减小趋势。耕地为永川区的优势景观类型(2005年和2015年各占土地总面积54. 46%、49. 76%),耕地、建设用地、林地受人为干扰强烈且趋于规则化。(2)从景观层级分析,蔓延度指数增大,Shannon多样性指数、Shannon均匀度指数、散布与并列指数、景观形状指数均减小。(3)利用Shan-non多样性t检验法对永川区进行土地利用景观格局分区。景观变化极显著区,主要位于主城区及其周围地区,城市化现象显著,人为活动影响大;景观变化显著区,该区土地利用程度较弱,2005—2015年林地和水域面积增大,耕地面积减小;景观变化不明显区,该区主要分布在远离中心城区,经济欠发达,景观格局变化不明显,人为活动干扰不明显。[结论]永川区各乡镇的土地利用景观格局变化差异性,表明在自然因素稳定的条件下,今后应因地制宜地加强人为因素的调控,保证各乡镇土地利用景观格局稳定协调发展。
According to the difference of regional landscape,the landscape zoning of land use is carryied out in order to provide a theoretical basis for the zoning of land use and the formulation of land use policies. Taking Yongchuan district of Chongqing as the research object,based on the remote sensing images in 2005 and 2015 as the basic data source,the two-stage image was interpreted by RS and GIS technology,and the land use type map of Yongchuan district was obtained. The quantitative structure of the landscape pattern of land use and the significant zoning of districts and counties were comprehensively studied by using the method of landscape index method and Shannon diversity t-test. The results were showed as below. First,for the classification level analysis,during 2005 to 2015,construction land and forest land showed an increasing trend,while cultivated land,grassland and unused land showed a decreasing trend. Cultivated land was the dominant landscape type in Yongchuan district (54. 46% and 49. 76% of the total land area in 2005 and 2015 respectively). Arable land,construction land,and forest land were strongly disturbed by man-made and tend to be regularized. Second,for the landscape-scale analysis,the spread index increased,and the Shannon diversity index,the Shannon uniformity index,the spread and the side-by-side index,and the landscape shape index decreased. Finally,the Shannon diversity t-test was used to divide the landscape pattern of land use in Yongchuan district. The most significant landscape change areas were mainly located in the main urban area and its surrounding areas,and the urbanization phenomenon was significant and the human activities had a great influence on them. The degree of land use in the areas with significant landscape changes was relatively weak,during 2005 to 2015,the area of woodland and water area increased and the area of cultivated land decreased. The area which its landscape change was not obvious was mainly located far from the central urban area,the economy was underdeveloped,and the landscape pattern changes and the human disturbance were not obvious. The variation of landscape pattern of land use in different towns in Yongchuan district shows that under the condition of the stable natural factors,the adjustment of human factors should be strengthened according to local conditions to ensure the stable and coordinated development of landscape pattern of land use in different towns in the future.
According to the difference of regional landscape,the landscape zoning of land use is carryied out in order to provide a theoretical basis for the zoning of land use and the formulation of land use policies. Taking Yongchuan district of Chongqing as the research object,based on the remote sensing images in 2005 and 2015 as the basic data source,the two-stage image was interpreted by RS and GIS technology,and the land use type map of Yongchuan district was obtained. The quantitative structure of the landscape pattern of land use and the significant zoning of districts and counties were comprehensively studied by using the method of landscape index method and Shannon diversity t-test. The results were showed as below. First,for the classification level analysis,during 2005 to 2015,construction land and forest land showed an increasing trend,while cultivated land,grassland and unused land showed a decreasing trend. Cultivated land was the dominant landscape type in Yongchuan district (54. 46% and 49. 76% of the total land area in 2005 and 2015 respectively). Arable land,construction land,and forest land were strongly disturbed by man-made and tend to be regularized. Second,for the landscape-scale analysis,the spread index increased,and the Shannon diversity index,the Shannon uniformity index,the spread and the side-by-side index,and the landscape shape index decreased. Finally,the Shannon diversity t-test was used to divide the landscape pattern of land use in Yongchuan district. The most significant landscape change areas were mainly located in the main urban area and its surrounding areas,and the urbanization phenomenon was significant and the human activities had a great influence on them. The degree of land use in the areas with significant landscape changes was relatively weak,during 2005 to 2015,the area of woodland and water area increased and the area of cultivated land decreased. The area which its landscape change was not obvious was mainly located far from the central urban area,the economy was underdeveloped,and the landscape pattern changes and the human disturbance were not obvious. The variation of landscape pattern of land use in different towns in Yongchuan district shows that under the condition of the stable natural factors,the adjustment of human factors should be strengthened according to local conditions to ensure the stable and coordinated development of landscape pattern of land use in different towns in the future.
引文
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[21]余新晓,牛健植,文彬,等.景观生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.3.
[2]李丹,韩书成,张燕纯,等.基于主成分与聚类分析法的城市土地利用规划分区研究---以广州市为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(6):130-136.
[3]肖笃宁,赵羿,孙中伟,等.沈阳西郊景观格局变化的研究.应用生态学报,1990,1(1):75-84.
[4]Doing H.The landscape as an ecosystem.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,1997,63(2-3):221-225.
[5]李月臣,刘春霞.北方13省土地利用/覆盖动态变化分析.地理科学,2007,27(1):45-52.
[6]么欣欣,韩春兰,刘洪彬,等.基于RS与GIS的沈阳市土地利用及景观格局变化.水土保持研究,2014,21(2):158-166.
[7]欧立业,马海州,沙占江,等.基于GIS的柴达木盆地景观空间格局分析.干旱区研究,2004,21(3):280-285.
[8]张本昀,申怀飞,郑敬刚,等.河南省土地利用景观格局分析.资源科学,2009,31(2):317-323.
[9]张云路,李雄,田野.基于景观生态学“源-汇”理论的市域尺度生态功能分区---以内蒙古通辽市为例.生态学报,2018,38(1):65-72
[10]丛明珠,欧向军,赵清,等.基于主成分分析法的江苏省土地利用综合分区研究.地理研究,2008,27(3):574-582.
[11]曹伟,周生路,吴绍华,等.基于粗糙集与突变级数法的土地利用景观分区研究.地理科学,2011(4):421-426.
[12]曹瑞娜,齐伟,李乐,等.基于流域的山区景观格局分析和分区研究---以山东省栖霞市为例.中国生态农业学报,2014,22(7):859-865.
[13]宁雅楠,李贝,杨伟州,等.基于主成分分析法的土地利用景观分区研究---以青龙满族自治县为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(2):22-28.
[14]周俊菊,张恒玮,张利利,等.综合治理前后民勤绿洲景观格局时空演变特征.干旱区研究,2017,34(1):79-87.
[15]Peng J,Wang Y,Zhang Y,et al.Evaluating the effectiveness of landscape metrics in quantifying spatial patterns.Ecological Indicators,2010,10(2):0-223.
[16]王美玲,张继超,王舶鉴,等.长白山区森林景观格局动态.生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3138-3147.
[17]宋素青,王卫,袁晓芳.张家口坝上地区景观格局分析.中国农业资源与区划,2005(3):36-39.
[18]Box,Fisher J.Guinness,Gosset,Fisher,and Small Samples.Statistical Science,1987,2(1):45-52.
[19]Magurran A E.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement.Biometrics,1988,46(2):81-99.
[20]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279-286.
[21]余新晓,牛健植,文彬,等.景观生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.3.