放射状购物空间中寻路行为的眼动特征研究
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摘要
针对放射状购物空间寻路问题,将寻路过程分解为信息感知、路径选择、目标搜索等子过程,采用眼动追踪技术采集顾客的注视、扫视、瞳孔直径等视觉参数,运用相关统计推断理论对眼动数据进行定量分析。结果表明,在不同环境视觉线索下顾客的视觉特征具有明显差异。顾客在信息感知及路径选择(直行电梯)子过程中,顾客表现为瞳孔直径变化幅度小,眼跳幅度小,但在标识上注视时间长且次数多。在路径选择(扶手电梯)及目标搜索子过程中,顾客在空间结构上表现为瞳孔变化幅度大,眼跳幅度大,有较多的短时间注视;在标识上表现为瞳孔变化幅度小,眼跳幅度小,有较少的长时间注视。研究成果能为购物中心人群管理与视觉线索设计提供决策支持。
To solve the radial space wayfinding problem in a shopping space, the wayfinding process is divided into subprocesses such as information perception, path selection, and target search. Customers' visual parameters of fixation, saccade, and pupil diameter were collected by eye movement tracking technology, which used statistical inference to analyze eye movement data quantitatively. The results show significant differences between the visual characteristics of customers under different environmental visual cues. In the subprocesses of information perception and path selection(direct elevator), the customer shows small amplitudes of pupil diameter and saccade, but the gaze time on the logo is long and the number of times is high. In the subprocess of path selection(escalator) and target searching, customers have larger amplitude of pupil diameter and saccade, and In the subprocess of path selection(escalator) and target searching, customers have larger amplitude of pupil diameter and saccade, and longer short-term gaze on space structure. In the subprocess of target search, customers have smaller amplitudes of pupil diameter and saccade, and the long-term gaze on signs is shorter. The research results can provide support for the management of shopping centers and visual clues.
To solve the radial space wayfinding problem in a shopping space, the wayfinding process is divided into subprocesses such as information perception, path selection, and target search. Customers' visual parameters of fixation, saccade, and pupil diameter were collected by eye movement tracking technology, which used statistical inference to analyze eye movement data quantitatively. The results show significant differences between the visual characteristics of customers under different environmental visual cues. In the subprocesses of information perception and path selection(direct elevator), the customer shows small amplitudes of pupil diameter and saccade, but the gaze time on the logo is long and the number of times is high. In the subprocess of path selection(escalator) and target searching, customers have larger amplitude of pupil diameter and saccade, and In the subprocess of path selection(escalator) and target searching, customers have larger amplitude of pupil diameter and saccade, and longer short-term gaze on space structure. In the subprocess of target search, customers have smaller amplitudes of pupil diameter and saccade, and the long-term gaze on signs is shorter. The research results can provide support for the management of shopping centers and visual clues.
引文
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[15]孙澄,杨阳.基于眼动追踪的寻路标志物视觉显著性研究--以哈尔滨凯德广场购物中心为例[J].建筑学报,2019(2):18-23.
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[21]汪海彬,卢家楣,姚本先,等.职前教师情绪复杂性对情绪面孔加工的影响--来自行为、ERP和眼动的证据[J].心理学报,2015,47(1):50-65.
[2]Jansenosmann P,Fuchs P.Wayfinding behavior and spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment:The role of landmarks[J].European Journal of Developmental Psychology,2007,53(3):171.
[3]徐磊青,黄波,汤众.格式塔空间中空间差异对寻路和方向感的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(2):148-154.
[4]Rousek J B,Hallbeck M S.Improving and analyzing signage within a healthcare setting[J].Applied Ergonomics,2011,42(6):771-784.
[5]Weisman J.Evaluating Architectural LegibilityWayFinding in the Built Environment[J].Environment and Behavior,1981,13(2):189-204.
[6]Prestopnik J L,Roskos Ewoldsen B.The Relations Among Wayfinding Strategy Use,Sense of Direction,Sex,Familiarity,And Wayfinding Ability[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2000,20(2):177-191.
[7]房慧聪,周琳.性别、寻路策略与导航方式对寻路行为的影响[J].心理学报,2012,44(8):1058-1065.
[8]吕元,张雅娟,胡斌.地下综合体空间寻路实验[J].北京工业大学学报,2014,40(6):878-883.
[9]杨洁,杨乃,黄婷,等.大型商场内人群择路行为认知规律的研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017(3):414-420.
[10]孙颖,崔洁爽,胡咏梅,等.基于眼动数据的一例角色书信疗法临床案例的分析与启示[J].心理科学,2016,39(4):1011-1016.
[11]马勇,付锐,王畅,等.视觉分心时驾驶人注视行为特性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(5):10-14.
[12]廖彬超,刘梅,徐晴雯,等.眼动试验在建筑业安全隐患识别研究中的应用与展望[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(11):31-36.
[13]范琳,刘振前.阅读理解过程的眼动研究[J].外语与外语教学,2007(4):35-40.
[14]李红霞,贺萍萍.眼动追踪技术在应急标识有效性研究中的应用[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(18):323-327.
[15]孙澄,杨阳.基于眼动追踪的寻路标志物视觉显著性研究--以哈尔滨凯德广场购物中心为例[J].建筑学报,2019(2):18-23.
[16]陈丽君,郑雪.大学生问题发现过程的眼动研究[J].心理学报,2014,46(3):367-384.
[17]郑束蕾.个性化地图的认知机理研究[D].解放军信息工程大学,2015.
[18]赵亮,刘浩学.农村公路复杂环境中新老驾驶人视觉特性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(9):30-34.
[19]柳忠起,袁修干,刘伟,等.基于模拟飞行任务下的眼动指标分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(2):47-52.
[20]李世武,徐艺,王琳虹,等.使用驾驶人瞳孔直径的固定物冲突识别方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(3):82-88.
[21]汪海彬,卢家楣,姚本先,等.职前教师情绪复杂性对情绪面孔加工的影响--来自行为、ERP和眼动的证据[J].心理学报,2015,47(1):50-65.
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