江苏丹阳千年“沸井”的地质成因与形成机理
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摘要
通过采用无机和有机化学分析、可控源音频大地电磁测深、高密度电阻率和氡气测量等地质地球化学和地球物理方法,对江苏丹阳九里村六口相距30～200 cm不等的"沸腾"了2000多年的古井及其周围地质环境进行了详细勘查,研究发现:①"沸井"沸腾的气体主要为CO_2,此外,还有微量氡气和总挥发性有机物(TVOC),这些气体组分在临近的非"沸井"的民用水井中均未检出。②"沸井"水样中游离二氧化碳、钙、铁、锰、总溶解固体、总硬度、重碳酸根、稀土元素等含量均明显高于"沸井"周围其他民用水井和湖水。③"沸井"井水温度(夏天约19℃)与周围其他民用水井基本一致,未见异常情况。④"沸井"地下深部存在玄武岩岩体和茅东断裂的次级断裂,在这些断裂地表出露处氡气含量明显高于其他地方。⑤"沸井"的存在与茅东活动断裂有着密切的联系,"沸井"中沸腾的气体主要来源于地壳深部或上地幔,气体沿断裂带上升而逸出地表。⑥六口"沸井"井水味道各不相同,系因各"沸井"井水中游离二氧化碳、钙、铁、锰等含量及pH值不一所致。"沸井"井水"三清三浊",主要与井水中铁含量高低有关,三口铁含量高的井水因暴露于空气中氧化为三价铁沉淀,是井水浑浊的主要原因。
By means of inorganic and organic chemical analysis, controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding, high density resistivity and radon gas measurements, this study carried out detailed geological investigation for six ancient wellsin Jiuli village, DanyangCity, Jiangsu Province. The six well with interval spaces ranging from 30 to 200 cm have been boiling for more than 2000 years.The study found that(1) boiling gas in "boiling well" is mainly CO_2, accompanied by a trace amount of radon gas and total volatile organic compounds(TVOC). All of the gas components in the "boiling well" have not been detected in nearby civil wells.(2) The contents of free carbon dioxide, calcium, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids, total hardness, bicarbonate, rare earth element etc. in "boiling well" water samples are significantly higher than that of other civil wells and lake water around the boiling wells.(3) The temperature of the well water in "boiling well"(about 19 degrees Celsius in summer) is basically the same as that of other civilian wells, with no anomaly observed.(4) The secondary faults of Maodong fault and basalt rock mass occur beneath the boiling well, and the concentrations of radon escaped to surface from the fault are significantly higher than that in other areas.(5) The existence of "boiling well" is closely related to the Maodong active fault. The boiling gas in "boiling well" comesmainly from deep crust or upper mantle, with the gas rising up along the fault zone to the earth surface.(6) The water in the six "boiling wells" tastes different because of the various contents of free carbon dioxide, calcium, iron, manganese and pHvalues. "Three clear three turbidity" features of the "boiling well" well water are closely related to ironcontent in wells. Three wells with high Fe contents are characteristic of turbid water and this may attribute to precipitation of ferric iron due to oxidation when water is exposed to air.
By means of inorganic and organic chemical analysis, controlled source audio magnetotelluric sounding, high density resistivity and radon gas measurements, this study carried out detailed geological investigation for six ancient wellsin Jiuli village, DanyangCity, Jiangsu Province. The six well with interval spaces ranging from 30 to 200 cm have been boiling for more than 2000 years.The study found that(1) boiling gas in "boiling well" is mainly CO_2, accompanied by a trace amount of radon gas and total volatile organic compounds(TVOC). All of the gas components in the "boiling well" have not been detected in nearby civil wells.(2) The contents of free carbon dioxide, calcium, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids, total hardness, bicarbonate, rare earth element etc. in "boiling well" water samples are significantly higher than that of other civil wells and lake water around the boiling wells.(3) The temperature of the well water in "boiling well"(about 19 degrees Celsius in summer) is basically the same as that of other civilian wells, with no anomaly observed.(4) The secondary faults of Maodong fault and basalt rock mass occur beneath the boiling well, and the concentrations of radon escaped to surface from the fault are significantly higher than that in other areas.(5) The existence of "boiling well" is closely related to the Maodong active fault. The boiling gas in "boiling well" comesmainly from deep crust or upper mantle, with the gas rising up along the fault zone to the earth surface.(6) The water in the six "boiling wells" tastes different because of the various contents of free carbon dioxide, calcium, iron, manganese and pHvalues. "Three clear three turbidity" features of the "boiling well" well water are closely related to ironcontent in wells. Three wells with high Fe contents are characteristic of turbid water and this may attribute to precipitation of ferric iron due to oxidation when water is exposed to air.
引文
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