PE-C含量对PVC/ABS合金性能的影响
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摘要
以回收的废弃电缆用软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)、新PVC和丙烯晴–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)为主要原料,以弹性体氯化聚乙烯(PE-C)为增容剂,通过熔融共混的方法制备了PVC/ABS合金,研究了PE-C含量对PVC/ABS合金相容性、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,PE-C的加入明显提高了PVC与ABS的相容性,合金只有一个玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。随着PE-C含量的增加,合金的Tg总体呈现升高趋势,在试样刻蚀断面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片中可以明显看到,ABS在PVC基体中的分散更加均匀,粒径更小,在试样冲击断面的SEM图片中可以看到冲击断面出现"网丝"现象,韧性断裂特征明显,PVC/ABS合金的拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率不断升高,极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧等级呈下降趋势。当PE-C含量为8份时,PVC/ABS合金的综合性能最佳,拉伸强度为61.4MPa,弯曲强度为58.2MPa,断裂伸长率为45.3%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为10.3kJ/m2,LOI保持在28%以上,同时垂直燃烧等级可达到V–1级别。
The poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS) alloys were prepared by melt blending with the main raw materials of ABS,PVC and recycled soft PVC from waste cable,using elastomer chlorinated polyethylene(PE-C) as the compatibilizer. The effects of PE-C content on compatibility,mechanical properties and ?ame retardant properties of PVC/ABS alloy were studied. The results show that the addition of PE-C signi?cantly improves the compatibility of PVC and ABS,the alloy has only one glass transition temperature(Tg). With the increase of the amount of PE-C addition,the Tg generally shows an upward trend,it is clearly seen in the scanning electron microscope(SEM) of the etched section of the sample that the dispersion of ABS in the PVC matrix is more uniform and the particle size is smaller,the SEM of the impact section of the sample is seen that the"mesh"phenomenon appeares in the impact section,and the ductile fracture characteristics are obvious,the tensile strength and ?exural strength of PVC/ABS alloy increase ?rstly and then decrease,the Izod notched impact strength and elongation at break continuously increase,the limiting oxygen index(LOI) and vertical combustion grade continue to decrease. When the amount of PE-C added is 8 phr,the comprehensive properties of PVC/ABS alloy are the best, the tensile strength is 61.4 MPa,the bending strength is 58.2 MPa,the elongation at break is 45.3%,the Izod notched impact strength is 10.3 kJ/m2,the LOI is still above 28%,and the vertical combustion grade reaches the V–1 level.
The poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS) alloys were prepared by melt blending with the main raw materials of ABS,PVC and recycled soft PVC from waste cable,using elastomer chlorinated polyethylene(PE-C) as the compatibilizer. The effects of PE-C content on compatibility,mechanical properties and ?ame retardant properties of PVC/ABS alloy were studied. The results show that the addition of PE-C signi?cantly improves the compatibility of PVC and ABS,the alloy has only one glass transition temperature(Tg). With the increase of the amount of PE-C addition,the Tg generally shows an upward trend,it is clearly seen in the scanning electron microscope(SEM) of the etched section of the sample that the dispersion of ABS in the PVC matrix is more uniform and the particle size is smaller,the SEM of the impact section of the sample is seen that the"mesh"phenomenon appeares in the impact section,and the ductile fracture characteristics are obvious,the tensile strength and ?exural strength of PVC/ABS alloy increase ?rstly and then decrease,the Izod notched impact strength and elongation at break continuously increase,the limiting oxygen index(LOI) and vertical combustion grade continue to decrease. When the amount of PE-C added is 8 phr,the comprehensive properties of PVC/ABS alloy are the best, the tensile strength is 61.4 MPa,the bending strength is 58.2 MPa,the elongation at break is 45.3%,the Izod notched impact strength is 10.3 kJ/m2,the LOI is still above 28%,and the vertical combustion grade reaches the V–1 level.
引文
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[3]Sadat-Shojai M,Bakhshandeh G R.Recycling of PVC wastes[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2011,96(4):404-415.
[4]Suresh S S,Mohanty S,Nayak S K.Composition analysis and characterization of waste polyvinyl chloride(PVC)recovered from data cables[J].Waste Management,2016,60:100-111.
[5]Wu Ningjing,Xiu Zhaoxia.Surface microencapsulation modification of aluminum hypophosphite and improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites[J].RSC Advances,2015,5:doi:10.1039/C5RA02308D.
[6]Ma Haiyun,Tong Lifang,Xu Zhongbin,et al.A novel intumescent flame retardant:Synthesis and application in ABS copolymer[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2007,92(4):720-726.
[7]Gawade A R,Lodha A V,Joshi P S.PVC/ABS blends:Thermal and morphological studies[J].Journal of Macromolecular Science,Part B:Physics,2007,47(1):201-210.
[8]Hosseinpour P M,Morshedian J,Barikani M,et al.Morphological,mechanical,and rheological studies of PVC/ABS blends in the presence of maleic anhydride[J].Journal of Vinyl&Additive Technology,2010,16(2):127-134.
[9]Garcia D,Balart R,Sanchez L,et al.Compatibility of recycled PVC/ABS blends.Effect of previous degradation[J].Polymer Engineering&Science,2010,47(6):789-796.
[10]汪东清.废旧PVC电线电缆料的再利用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.Wang Dongqing.Research on the reuse of recycled PVC wire and cable[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2016.
[11]吴波震.软质ABS/PVC共混改性的研究分析[J].塑料工业,2007,35(S1):147-149.Wu Bozhen.Study of blending modification of soft ABS/PVC[J].China Plastics Industry,2007,35(S1):147-149.
[12]Liu Baijun,Wang Yinglin,Gao Yuan,et al.Effect of the matrix plasticization behavior on mechanical properties of PVC/ABSblends[J].Journal of Polymer Engineering,2017,37(3):239-245.
[13]Hippi U,Korhonen M,Paavola S,et al.Compatibilization of poly(propylene)/polyamide 6 blends with functionalized poly(propylene)s prepared with metallocene catalyst[J].Macromolecular Materials&Engineering,2004,289(8):714-721.
[14]Liu Hongzhi,Xie Tingxiu,Zhang Ying,et al.Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,2010,44(7):1 050-1 061.
[15]浦鸿汀,曹民干,刘明.PVC/ABS/CPE共混体系的相容性与性能研究[J].建筑材料学报,2001(3):294-298.Pu hongting,Cao mingan,Liu Ming.Study on the compatibility and properties of PVC/ABS/CPE blends[J].Journal of Building Materials,2001(3):294-298.
[16]王硕,刘哲,张明耀,等.SAN共聚物组成对PVC/ABS共混物相容性的影响[J].高分子学报,2007(1):31-37.Wang Shuo,Liu Zhe,Zhang Mingyao,et al.Effect of composition of SAN copolymer on the miscibility of PVC/ABS blends[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2007(1):31-37.
[17]周丽玲,王新,蔺玉胜,等.PVC/ABS和PVC/CPE两种共混体系的结构和性能[J].青岛科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(1):48-52.Zhou Liling,Wang Xin,Lin Yusheng,et al.Microstructures and properties of PVC/CPE and PVC/ABS blends[J].Journal of Qingdao University of Science&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2003,24(1):48-52.
[18]Zhou Liling,Wang Xin,Lin Yusheng,et al.Comparison of the toughening mechanisms of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated polyethylene and poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer blends[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2003,90(4):916-924.