污水管网中无机氮类营养盐迁变规律
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摘要
以一套长1 200 m的城市污水模拟管网为对象,采用人工配水方式,研究了管网中含氮化合物的变化情况,分析评价了沿程氮类营养盐的迁变转化特性.结果表明,以氯化铵为氮源基质,管网微生物将其同化合成生命所需的物质以进行细胞增殖.游离氨基酸、结合氨基酸、核酸是代谢产生的主要含氮有机化合物,其中氨基酸占溶解性有机氮(DON)的绝大多数.同时利用三维荧光光谱、尺寸排阻色谱技术对水中有机物的荧光特性及相对分子质量分布的表征结果显示,污水中有机物的特征荧光峰有所增多,主要以类蛋白、类微生物代谢产物为主,且荧光强度随管网沿程逐渐增强;水中的小分子营养盐在微生物的同化作用下转化为复杂的大分子有机物.
The paper focuses on the changes of nitrogen compounds in the Pipe network. A 1. 2km long urban sewage simulation network with artificial water distribution was selected as the research subject. Then we analyzed and evaluated the change characteristics of nitrogen nutrients along the pipe. The results proved that ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source matrix,which was necessary for microorganisms in the Pipe to survive and proliferate. Free amino acids,combined amino acids and nucleic acid produced by metabolism were the major nitrogenous organic compounds. Among which,amino acids accounted for dissolved organic nitrogen( DON) in the majority. The characterization results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography showed that the characteristic fluorescence peak of organic matter in waste water was increased,and the protein( tyrosine,tryptophan)-based fluorescence intensity gradually increased along the pipe. It was also found that small molecules of nutrients in the water were converted to complex organic molecules under the assimilation of microorganisms.
The paper focuses on the changes of nitrogen compounds in the Pipe network. A 1. 2km long urban sewage simulation network with artificial water distribution was selected as the research subject. Then we analyzed and evaluated the change characteristics of nitrogen nutrients along the pipe. The results proved that ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source matrix,which was necessary for microorganisms in the Pipe to survive and proliferate. Free amino acids,combined amino acids and nucleic acid produced by metabolism were the major nitrogenous organic compounds. Among which,amino acids accounted for dissolved organic nitrogen( DON) in the majority. The characterization results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography showed that the characteristic fluorescence peak of organic matter in waste water was increased,and the protein( tyrosine,tryptophan)-based fluorescence intensity gradually increased along the pipe. It was also found that small molecules of nutrients in the water were converted to complex organic molecules under the assimilation of microorganisms.
引文
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[2]Leu H G,Ouyang C F,Su J L.Effects of flow velocity changes on nitrogen transport and conversion in an open channel flow[J].Water Research,1996,30(9):2065-2071.
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[8]Chen G H,Leung D H W,Huang J C.Removal of dissolved organic carbon in sanitary gravity sewer[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2001,127(4):295-301
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[15]Jiang G M,Gutierrez O,Yuan Z G.The strong biocidal effect of free nitrous acid on anaerobic sewer biofilms[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3735-3743.
[16]Baban A,Talinli I.Modeling of organic matter removal and nitrification in sewer systems-an approach to wastewater treatment[J].Desalination,2009,246(1-3):640-647.
[17]马晓丽,孟磊,巴吐尔,等.两种柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法测定血液和尿液中游离氨基酸[J].氨基酸与生物资源,2012,34(3):19-24.
[18]Tsugita A,Uchida T,Mewes H W,et al.A rapid vapor-phase acid(hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid)hydrolysis of peptide and protein[J].The Journal of Biochemistry,1987,102(6):1593-1597.
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[20]Winters A L,Frank F R.Minchin Modification of the Lowry assay to measure proteins and phenols in covalently bound complexes[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2005,346(1):43-48.
[21]Rondel C,Marcato-Romain C E,Girbal-Neuhauser E.Development and validation of a colorimetric assay for simultaneous quantification of neutral and uronic sugars[J].Water Research,2013,47(8):2901-2908.
[22]王怡,柯莉,刘雄科,等.模拟回用水管道微生物膜特征及其对铁、锰的富集[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(19):1-5.
[23]Jiang F,Leung D H W,Li S Y,et al.A biofilm model for prediction of pollutant transformation in sewers[J].Water Research,2009,43(13):3187-3198.
[24]王景峰,王暄,季民.好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器脱氮特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):528-533.
[25]Lea P J,Azevedo R A.Nitrogen use efficiency.2.Amino acid metabolism[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2007,151(3):269-275.
[26]王丽莎,胡洪营,藤江幸一.污水氯和二氧化氯消毒过程中溶解性有机物变化的三维荧光光谱解析[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1524-1528.
[27]Henderson R K,Baker A,Murphy K R,et al.Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems:A review[J].Water Research,2009,43(4):863-881.
[28]安莹,王志伟,李彬,等.盐度冲击下MBR污泥SMP和EPS的三维荧光光谱解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1754-1762.
[29]Pelekani C,Newcombe G,Snoeyink V L,et al.Characterization of natural organic matter using high performance size exclusion chromatography[J].Environment Science&Technology,1999,33(16):2807-2813.
[30]Zhang T,Lu J F,Ma J,et al.Comparative study of ozonation and synthetic goethite-catalyzed ozonation of individual NOM fractions isolated and fractionated from a filtered river water[J].Water Research,2008,42(6-7):1563-1570.
[2]Leu H G,Ouyang C F,Su J L.Effects of flow velocity changes on nitrogen transport and conversion in an open channel flow[J].Water Research,1996,30(9):2065-2071.
[3]Raunkjr K,Nielsen P H,Hvitved-Jacobsen T.Acetate removal in sewer biofilms under aerobic conditions[J].Water Research,1997,31(11):2727-2736.
[4]Warith M A,Kennedy K,Reitsma R.Use of sanitary sewers as wastewater pre-treatment systems[J].Waste Management,1998,18(4):235-247.
[5]Tanaka N,Hvitved-Jacobsen T.Transformations of wastewater organic matter in sewers under changing aerobic/anaerobic conditions[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(1):105-113.
[6]Tanaka N,Takenaka K.Control of hydrogen sulfide and degradation of organic matter by air injection into a wastewater force main[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(7):273-282.
[7]Chen G H,Leung D H W.Utilization of oxygen in a sanitary gravity sewer[J].Water Research,2000,34(15):3813-3821.
[8]Chen G H,Leung D H W,Huang J C.Removal of dissolved organic carbon in sanitary gravity sewer[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2001,127(4):295-301
[9]Chen G H,Leung D H W,Huang J C.Biofilm in the sediment phase of a sanitary gravity sewer[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2784-2788.
[10]孙锦宜.含氮废水处理技术与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.33-37.
[11]Van Benthum W A J,Derissen B P,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al.Nitrogen removal using nitrifying biofilm growth and denitrifying suspended growth in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor coupled with a chemostat[J].Water Research,1998,32(7):2009-2018.
[12]高廷耀,周增炎,朱晓君.生物脱氮工艺中的同步硝化反硝化现象[J].给水排水,1998,24(12):6-9
[13]Mulder A,van de Graaf A A,Robertson L A,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-184
[14]Ozer A,Kasirga E.Substrate removal in long sewer lines[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(7):213-218.
[15]Jiang G M,Gutierrez O,Yuan Z G.The strong biocidal effect of free nitrous acid on anaerobic sewer biofilms[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3735-3743.
[16]Baban A,Talinli I.Modeling of organic matter removal and nitrification in sewer systems-an approach to wastewater treatment[J].Desalination,2009,246(1-3):640-647.
[17]马晓丽,孟磊,巴吐尔,等.两种柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法测定血液和尿液中游离氨基酸[J].氨基酸与生物资源,2012,34(3):19-24.
[18]Tsugita A,Uchida T,Mewes H W,et al.A rapid vapor-phase acid(hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid)hydrolysis of peptide and protein[J].The Journal of Biochemistry,1987,102(6):1593-1597.
[19]Keil R G,Kirchman D L.Dissolved combined amino acids in marine waters as determined by a vapor-phase hydrolysis method[J].Marine Chemistry,1991,33(3):243-259.
[20]Winters A L,Frank F R.Minchin Modification of the Lowry assay to measure proteins and phenols in covalently bound complexes[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2005,346(1):43-48.
[21]Rondel C,Marcato-Romain C E,Girbal-Neuhauser E.Development and validation of a colorimetric assay for simultaneous quantification of neutral and uronic sugars[J].Water Research,2013,47(8):2901-2908.
[22]王怡,柯莉,刘雄科,等.模拟回用水管道微生物膜特征及其对铁、锰的富集[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(19):1-5.
[23]Jiang F,Leung D H W,Li S Y,et al.A biofilm model for prediction of pollutant transformation in sewers[J].Water Research,2009,43(13):3187-3198.
[24]王景峰,王暄,季民.好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器脱氮特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):528-533.
[25]Lea P J,Azevedo R A.Nitrogen use efficiency.2.Amino acid metabolism[J].Annals of Applied Biology,2007,151(3):269-275.
[26]王丽莎,胡洪营,藤江幸一.污水氯和二氧化氯消毒过程中溶解性有机物变化的三维荧光光谱解析[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1524-1528.
[27]Henderson R K,Baker A,Murphy K R,et al.Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems:A review[J].Water Research,2009,43(4):863-881.
[28]安莹,王志伟,李彬,等.盐度冲击下MBR污泥SMP和EPS的三维荧光光谱解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1754-1762.
[29]Pelekani C,Newcombe G,Snoeyink V L,et al.Characterization of natural organic matter using high performance size exclusion chromatography[J].Environment Science&Technology,1999,33(16):2807-2813.
[30]Zhang T,Lu J F,Ma J,et al.Comparative study of ozonation and synthetic goethite-catalyzed ozonation of individual NOM fractions isolated and fractionated from a filtered river water[J].Water Research,2008,42(6-7):1563-1570.
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