许昌市小学生传染病知识知晓途径及行为情况调查分析
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摘要
目的分析许昌市小学生了解传染病途径及行为,以期为进一步加强传染病预防控制及实践工作提供科学依据。方法采用两阶段分层整群抽样法,对许昌市6个区县18所小学2160名小学生,通过问卷调查小学生传染病获取途径、知晓率及行为情况。结果小学生传染病知识知晓率调查显示,女生流感预防措施、艾滋病传播途径、手足口病传染途径、乙肝传播途径、接种禁忌证、肺结核症状体征、狗咬伤处理方法知晓率高于男生(P<0.05),城市流感预防措施、手足口病传染途径、麻疹预防方法、接种禁忌证、艾滋病传播途径、肺结核症状体征、狗咬伤处理方法高于郊区(P<0.05)。经课堂教学、多媒体录像、电视及周围人群谈论知晓率分别为32.08%、26.44%、23.70%及17.78%,饭前便后洗手率、毛巾共用率、洗手使用肥皂率、吐痰至痰盂率、有疾病症状通知师长率分别为71.25%、35.79%、43.10%、90.32%、68.19%。结论许昌市小学生传染病知识知晓率仍有不足,通过前期调查了解,依据小学生掌握情况及特点,结合多种途径进行健康教育促进其健康行为提升。
Objective To analyze the ways and behaviors of primary school students in Xuchang City to understand infectious diseases,and to provide scientific evidence for further strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases and practice in practice. Methods A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to identify 2,160 primary school students in 18 primary schools in 6 districts and counties of Xuchang City.The questionnaires were used to identify the access routes,awareness rates and behaviors of primary school students. Results In influenza prevention measures,AIDS transmission routes,hand,foot and mouth disease transmission routes,hepatitis B transmission routes,vaccination contraindications,pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and signs,and dog bite treatment methods,awareness rates of female students were higher than that of boys.In influenza prevention measures,hand,foot and mouth disease transmission methods,measles prevention methods,vaccination contraindications,AIDS transmission routes,tuberculosis symptoms and signs,and dog bite treatment methods,awareness rates of the city was higher than that of suburbs(P<0.05).Awareness rate of classroom teaching, multimedia video,TV and surrounding people talked were about 32.08%,26.44%,23.7% and 17.78%,respectively. The rates of hand washing before meals and after defecation,towel sharing rate,hand washing soap rate,spitting to sputum rate,notification of disease symptoms the division ratios were 71.25%,35.79%,43.10%,90.32% and 68.19%,respectively. Conclusion There was still a lack of knowledge about the knowledge of infectious diseases among primary school students in Xuchang City.Through the preliminary investigation,according to the mastery and characteristics of primary school students,we could combined with various ways to carry out health education to promote their health behavior.
Objective To analyze the ways and behaviors of primary school students in Xuchang City to understand infectious diseases,and to provide scientific evidence for further strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases and practice in practice. Methods A two-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to identify 2,160 primary school students in 18 primary schools in 6 districts and counties of Xuchang City.The questionnaires were used to identify the access routes,awareness rates and behaviors of primary school students. Results In influenza prevention measures,AIDS transmission routes,hand,foot and mouth disease transmission routes,hepatitis B transmission routes,vaccination contraindications,pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and signs,and dog bite treatment methods,awareness rates of female students were higher than that of boys.In influenza prevention measures,hand,foot and mouth disease transmission methods,measles prevention methods,vaccination contraindications,AIDS transmission routes,tuberculosis symptoms and signs,and dog bite treatment methods,awareness rates of the city was higher than that of suburbs(P<0.05).Awareness rate of classroom teaching, multimedia video,TV and surrounding people talked were about 32.08%,26.44%,23.7% and 17.78%,respectively. The rates of hand washing before meals and after defecation,towel sharing rate,hand washing soap rate,spitting to sputum rate,notification of disease symptoms the division ratios were 71.25%,35.79%,43.10%,90.32% and 68.19%,respectively. Conclusion There was still a lack of knowledge about the knowledge of infectious diseases among primary school students in Xuchang City.Through the preliminary investigation,according to the mastery and characteristics of primary school students,we could combined with various ways to carry out health education to promote their health behavior.
引文
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[9] 崔昌,王远萍,徐红梅,等.上海市浦东新区2014-2015年聚集性胃肠炎疫情分析[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(10):1185-1188.
[2] 王远萍,郑晓,顾霍铮,等.“医教结合”下浦东新区托幼机构保育员的传染病防控水平及影响因素研究[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(10):1189-1192.
[3] 刘洋,赵小娟.北京市怀柔区居民传染病健康素养水平调查[J].国际病毒学杂志,2016,23(6):419-422.
[4] 金艳伶,徐文婕,刘亨辉,等.北京市中学生传染病相关知识知晓情况及影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(8):1218-1220.
[5] 熊华威,王赟,吴宇,等.深圳市2014～2015学年中小学生因病缺课监测情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(11):1374-1377.
[6] 张正斌,鲁周琴,王婷萍,等.武汉市居民结核病防治知识知晓情况调查分析[J].中国防痨杂志,2016,38(11):951-955.
[7] 邓丽,黄东升,张天鸿,等.保山市隆阳区公共场所从业人员艾滋病防治知识知晓现状[J].职业与健康,2017,33(23):3255-3258.
[8] 陈秋兰,吕青,陈明亭,等.安徽省铜陵市城乡小学生结核病知识、信念及行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2013,29(5):424-427.
[9] 崔昌,王远萍,徐红梅,等.上海市浦东新区2014-2015年聚集性胃肠炎疫情分析[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(10):1185-1188.