深埋沿空留巷采动变形特征及应力分布规律探索
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摘要
我国深部煤炭资源储量巨大,但巷道变形失稳是制约深部资源高效开采的一个重要因素。为了探究超千米埋深沿空留巷巷道在第一次回采期间的变形、应力分布规律以及锚杆支护效果,以平煤十二矿己14–31050工作面下进风巷为工程背景,利用收敛仪和锚杆应力计对巷道断面变形和顶板锚杆应力进行长期监测,并结合有限差分法分析了在回采过程中整个工作面应力分布以及变形特征。结果表明:(1)在第一次回采阶段,基于锚杆受力以及巷道断面收敛规律,可将巷道顶板划分为5个不同区域,并确定了各区域范围;(2)在回采期间,锚杆受力曲线除了的单峰曲线外,还存在着双峰或者多峰曲线、应力失效恢复曲线;(3)深入分析锚杆预紧力以及峰值拉力特征,确定了合理预紧力区间为50～70 kN。以上研究成果对于千米深井巷道支护设计具有一定的借鉴意义。
China has a rich reserve of deep coal resources,but the deformation instability of the roadway,as an important factor,restricts the efficient exploitation of the deep resources. The purpose of this paper is to study the convergence deformation and the stress distribution of the deep roadway during coal mining,and to evaluate the effect of bolt support. On the JI 14–31050 working face of the No. 12 mine of China Pingmei Shenma Group,long-term monitoring of roadway deformation and roof bolt stress is carried out by using the convergence instrument and the bolt stress gauge. The stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the whole working face during the mining process are analyzed by finite difference method. The results show that:(1) In the first stage of mining,the roof of roadway can be divided into five areas according to the stress of bolt and the convergence curve of roadway.(2) During the period of with drawl,the anchor stress curve shows the common single-peak curve,and there still exists double-peak curve,multi-peak curve and stress failure recovery curve.(3)By comparing the bolt preload and peak tension,the range of reasonable pre-tightening force is 50–70 kN. The research results of this paper have reference value for the support design of the tunnel in the kilometer deep mine.
China has a rich reserve of deep coal resources,but the deformation instability of the roadway,as an important factor,restricts the efficient exploitation of the deep resources. The purpose of this paper is to study the convergence deformation and the stress distribution of the deep roadway during coal mining,and to evaluate the effect of bolt support. On the JI 14–31050 working face of the No. 12 mine of China Pingmei Shenma Group,long-term monitoring of roadway deformation and roof bolt stress is carried out by using the convergence instrument and the bolt stress gauge. The stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the whole working face during the mining process are analyzed by finite difference method. The results show that:(1) In the first stage of mining,the roof of roadway can be divided into five areas according to the stress of bolt and the convergence curve of roadway.(2) During the period of with drawl,the anchor stress curve shows the common single-peak curve,and there still exists double-peak curve,multi-peak curve and stress failure recovery curve.(3)By comparing the bolt preload and peak tension,the range of reasonable pre-tightening force is 50–70 kN. The research results of this paper have reference value for the support design of the tunnel in the kilometer deep mine.
引文
[1]国家发展改革委,国家能源局.能源发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201701/W020170117350627940556.pdf.(National Development and Reform Commission,National Energy Administration.“13th Five-Year”energy development planning[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201701/W020170117350627940556.pdf.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t201702281467424.html.(People?s Republic of China National Bureau of Statistics.2016 People's Republic of China national economic and social development statistical bulletin[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t201702281467424.html.(in Chinese))
[3]吕大炜,王怀洪,李增学,等.提高地球物理勘探技术加强深层煤炭资源开采[C]//中国地球物理学会年会文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:39(LV Dawei,WANG Huaihong,LI Zengxue,et al.Improve the geophysical exploration technology to strong then the deep exploitation of coal resources[C]//China Geophysical Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:39.(in Chinese))
[4]柏建彪,侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):145-148.(BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong.Control principle of surrounding rocks in deep roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,35(2):145-148.(in Chinese))
[5]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 977-1 987.(KANGHongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 977-1 987.(in Chinese))
[6]李化敏.沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):651-654.(LI Huamin.Control design of roof rocks for gob-side entry[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):651-654.(in Chinese))
[7]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1 635-1 641.(ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1 635-1 641.(in Chinese))
[8]陈勇.沿空留巷围岩结构运动稳定机理与控制研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.(CHEN Yong.Study on stability mechanism of rockmass structure movement and its control in gob-side entry retaining[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[9]张登龙,华心祝.深部矿井Y型通风沿空留巷围岩控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(12):28-32.(ZHANG Denglong,HUAXinzhu.Surrounding rock control technology of gateway driven a long goaf with Y type ventilation in deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(12):29-32.(in Chinese))
[10]张东升,茅献彪.综放沿空留巷围岩变形特征的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):331-334.(ZHANG Dongsheng,MAO Xianbiao.Testing study on deformation features of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized coal face with top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):331-334.(in Chinese))
[11]康红普,王金华,高富强.掘进工作面围岩应力分布特征及其与支护的关系[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(12):1 585-1 593.(KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,GAO Fuqiang.Stress distribution characteristics in rock surrounding heading face and its relationship with supporting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(12):1 585-1 593.(in Chinese))
[12]孙恒虎,赵炳利.沿空留巷的理论与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993:39-100.(SUN Henghu,ZHAO Bingli.Theory and practice of gob side entry[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1993:39-100.(in Chinese))
[13]黄玉诚,孙恒虎.沿空留巷护巷带参数的设计方法[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(2):127-131.(HUANG Yucheng,SUN Henghu.Design of gob-side packing parameters for gateways maintained along the goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society 1997,22(2):127-131.(in Chinese))
[14]华心祝,马俊枫,许庭教.锚杆支护巷道巷旁锚索加强支护沿空留巷围岩控制机理研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 107-2 112.(HUA Xinzhu,MA Junfeng,XU Tingjiao.Study on controlling mechanism of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry with combination of roadside reinforced cable supporting and roadway bolt supporting and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 107-2 112.(in Chinese))
[15]阚甲广.典型顶板条件沿空留巷围岩结构分析及控制技术研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.(KAN Jiaguang.Study on rock structural analysis and control technique for gob-side entry retaining under typical roof conditions[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[16]薛俊华,韩昌良.大采高沿空留巷围岩分位控制对策与矿压特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):466-473.(XUE Junhua,HAN Changliang.Strata behavior and control countermeasures for the gob-side entry retaining in the condition of large mining height[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):466-473.(in Chinese))
[17]高明涛.沿空留巷围岩结构模型的建立及其稳定性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2014,8(5):904-909.(GAO Mingtao.Establishment of the gob-side entry surrounding rock model and analysis on its stability[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2014,8(5):904-909.(in Chinese))
[18]何世丰.基于UDEC煤矿综放沿空留巷充填稳定性数值模拟研究[J].煤,2014,(5):9-10.(HE Shifeng.Numerical simulation of filling stability of gob side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving mining based on UDEC[J].Coal,2014,(5):9-10.(in Chinese))
[19]SU H,BAI J,YAN S,et al.Study on gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized longwall with top-coal caving and its application[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(3):503-510.
[20]YANG H,CAO S,LI Y,et al.Soft roof failure mechanism and supporting method for gob-side entry retaining[J].Minerals,2015,5(4):707-722.
[21]CHANGLIANG H,NONG Z,BAOYU L,et al.Pressure relief and structure stability mechanism of hard roof for gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(11):4 445-4 455.
[22]国家能源局.国家能源局关于印发煤层气(煤矿瓦斯)开发利用“十三五”规划的通知[EB/OL].[2018-01-01].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-12/04/content_5142853.htm.People?s Republic of China National Energy Bureau.Notice of the National Energy Bureau on issuing the Thirteenth Five Year Plan for the exploitation and utilization of coal bed gas[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-12/04/content_5142853.html.(in Chinese))
[23]平煤股份.保护层已14-31050综采工作面:平煤股份十二矿采煤工作面作业规程[Z].平顶山:平煤股份,2014-04-05.(China Pingmei Shenma Group.The JI14-31050 fully mechanized mining face of protective layer:Working rules for coal mining face of No.12coal mine of china Pingmei Shenma Group[Z].Pingdingshan:China Pingmei Shenma Group,2014-04-05.(in Chinese))
[24]徐晓炼.平煤不同赋存深度采动煤岩体稳定性研究[硕士学位论文][D].四川大学,2016.(XU Xiaolian.Research on the stability of mining coal rock mass in different depths in Pingdingshan mining area[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2016.(in Chinese))
[25]陈勇,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.沿空留巷巷内支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):903-910.(CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,WANGXiangyu,et al.Support technology research and application inside roadway of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):903-910.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t201702281467424.html.(People?s Republic of China National Bureau of Statistics.2016 People's Republic of China national economic and social development statistical bulletin[EB/OL].[2017-03-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t201702281467424.html.(in Chinese))
[3]吕大炜,王怀洪,李增学,等.提高地球物理勘探技术加强深层煤炭资源开采[C]//中国地球物理学会年会文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:39(LV Dawei,WANG Huaihong,LI Zengxue,et al.Improve the geophysical exploration technology to strong then the deep exploitation of coal resources[C]//China Geophysical Conference.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:39.(in Chinese))
[4]柏建彪,侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):145-148.(BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong.Control principle of surrounding rocks in deep roadway and its application[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,35(2):145-148.(in Chinese))
[5]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 977-1 987.(KANGHongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 977-1 987.(in Chinese))
[6]李化敏.沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):651-654.(LI Huamin.Control design of roof rocks for gob-side entry[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):651-654.(in Chinese))
[7]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1 635-1 641.(ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1 635-1 641.(in Chinese))
[8]陈勇.沿空留巷围岩结构运动稳定机理与控制研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.(CHEN Yong.Study on stability mechanism of rockmass structure movement and its control in gob-side entry retaining[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[9]张登龙,华心祝.深部矿井Y型通风沿空留巷围岩控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(12):28-32.(ZHANG Denglong,HUAXinzhu.Surrounding rock control technology of gateway driven a long goaf with Y type ventilation in deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(12):29-32.(in Chinese))
[10]张东升,茅献彪.综放沿空留巷围岩变形特征的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):331-334.(ZHANG Dongsheng,MAO Xianbiao.Testing study on deformation features of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized coal face with top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):331-334.(in Chinese))
[11]康红普,王金华,高富强.掘进工作面围岩应力分布特征及其与支护的关系[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(12):1 585-1 593.(KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,GAO Fuqiang.Stress distribution characteristics in rock surrounding heading face and its relationship with supporting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(12):1 585-1 593.(in Chinese))
[12]孙恒虎,赵炳利.沿空留巷的理论与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993:39-100.(SUN Henghu,ZHAO Bingli.Theory and practice of gob side entry[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1993:39-100.(in Chinese))
[13]黄玉诚,孙恒虎.沿空留巷护巷带参数的设计方法[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(2):127-131.(HUANG Yucheng,SUN Henghu.Design of gob-side packing parameters for gateways maintained along the goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society 1997,22(2):127-131.(in Chinese))
[14]华心祝,马俊枫,许庭教.锚杆支护巷道巷旁锚索加强支护沿空留巷围岩控制机理研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 107-2 112.(HUA Xinzhu,MA Junfeng,XU Tingjiao.Study on controlling mechanism of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry with combination of roadside reinforced cable supporting and roadway bolt supporting and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 107-2 112.(in Chinese))
[15]阚甲广.典型顶板条件沿空留巷围岩结构分析及控制技术研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.(KAN Jiaguang.Study on rock structural analysis and control technique for gob-side entry retaining under typical roof conditions[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2009.(in Chinese))
[16]薛俊华,韩昌良.大采高沿空留巷围岩分位控制对策与矿压特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):466-473.(XUE Junhua,HAN Changliang.Strata behavior and control countermeasures for the gob-side entry retaining in the condition of large mining height[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):466-473.(in Chinese))
[17]高明涛.沿空留巷围岩结构模型的建立及其稳定性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2014,8(5):904-909.(GAO Mingtao.Establishment of the gob-side entry surrounding rock model and analysis on its stability[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2014,8(5):904-909.(in Chinese))
[18]何世丰.基于UDEC煤矿综放沿空留巷充填稳定性数值模拟研究[J].煤,2014,(5):9-10.(HE Shifeng.Numerical simulation of filling stability of gob side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving mining based on UDEC[J].Coal,2014,(5):9-10.(in Chinese))
[19]SU H,BAI J,YAN S,et al.Study on gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized longwall with top-coal caving and its application[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(3):503-510.
[20]YANG H,CAO S,LI Y,et al.Soft roof failure mechanism and supporting method for gob-side entry retaining[J].Minerals,2015,5(4):707-722.
[21]CHANGLIANG H,NONG Z,BAOYU L,et al.Pressure relief and structure stability mechanism of hard roof for gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(11):4 445-4 455.
[22]国家能源局.国家能源局关于印发煤层气(煤矿瓦斯)开发利用“十三五”规划的通知[EB/OL].[2018-01-01].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-12/04/content_5142853.htm.People?s Republic of China National Energy Bureau.Notice of the National Energy Bureau on issuing the Thirteenth Five Year Plan for the exploitation and utilization of coal bed gas[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-12/04/content_5142853.html.(in Chinese))
[23]平煤股份.保护层已14-31050综采工作面:平煤股份十二矿采煤工作面作业规程[Z].平顶山:平煤股份,2014-04-05.(China Pingmei Shenma Group.The JI14-31050 fully mechanized mining face of protective layer:Working rules for coal mining face of No.12coal mine of china Pingmei Shenma Group[Z].Pingdingshan:China Pingmei Shenma Group,2014-04-05.(in Chinese))
[24]徐晓炼.平煤不同赋存深度采动煤岩体稳定性研究[硕士学位论文][D].四川大学,2016.(XU Xiaolian.Research on the stability of mining coal rock mass in different depths in Pingdingshan mining area[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2016.(in Chinese))
[25]陈勇,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.沿空留巷巷内支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):903-910.(CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,WANGXiangyu,et al.Support technology research and application inside roadway of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):903-910.(in Chinese))