南京某地铁换乘车站空调冷源设置方案研究
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摘要
以不同通风空调系统形式的南京地铁3、4号线"L型"换乘车站市政府站(南京3号线大表冷集成闭式系统,南京4号线站台门系统)为例,详细分析地面冷却塔、下沉式冷却塔、集中冷站(与南京3号线新庄站合设)以及蒸发式冷凝机组4种冷源方案,并对其进行技术、经济比较,认为常规制冷+地面冷却塔方案的工程初投资和年折算费用都最低,但冷却塔对周边的影响最为严重。蒸发冷凝式机组工程初投资最高,但由于其高效节能的特点及总设备投入少,其年折算费用最低,但国内实际使用案例较少。集中冷站方案工程初投资居中,但其年折算费用最高。下沉式冷却塔方案,工程初投资较地面冷却塔高,但年折算费用适中,并能够有效解决城市景观、周边住户噪声及健康、"漂水"、"散热"等问题,在景观要求比较高的地区可优先采用。
The conventional cold source(floor mounted cooling tower of subway station) inherently has some disadvantages such as noise, splash, environment pollution, and cityscape influence, particularly in crowded downtown areas. In this paper,four schemes, i.e. floor mounted cooling tower, sunk cooling tower, central refrigeration station(associated with Xinzhuang Station of Line 3 of Nanjing Metro), and evaporative chillers, are comprehensively discussed, with the example of Shizhengfu transfer subway station in Nanjing city, which has different HVAC systems and transfers between Line 3(surface air cooler HVAC system) and Line 4(platform screen door HVAC system) of Nanjing. After careful technical and economic analysis, it is indicated that the engineering primary costs and annual convert costs are both minimum with the floor mounted cooling tower scheme, but its neighboring influence is maximum caused by the cooling tower; the engineering primary costs of evaporative chillers scheme are the highest, but its annual convert costs are the lowest because of the high-efficiency,energy-saving, and small equipment operation; the annual convert costs of a central refrigeration station scheme are the highest even though its engineering primary costs are medium; the sunk cooling tower scheme can be adopted preferentially because its annual convert costs are almost the same as those of the floor mounted cooling tower scheme, and all the inherently existing problems can be solved effectively at the same time.
The conventional cold source(floor mounted cooling tower of subway station) inherently has some disadvantages such as noise, splash, environment pollution, and cityscape influence, particularly in crowded downtown areas. In this paper,four schemes, i.e. floor mounted cooling tower, sunk cooling tower, central refrigeration station(associated with Xinzhuang Station of Line 3 of Nanjing Metro), and evaporative chillers, are comprehensively discussed, with the example of Shizhengfu transfer subway station in Nanjing city, which has different HVAC systems and transfers between Line 3(surface air cooler HVAC system) and Line 4(platform screen door HVAC system) of Nanjing. After careful technical and economic analysis, it is indicated that the engineering primary costs and annual convert costs are both minimum with the floor mounted cooling tower scheme, but its neighboring influence is maximum caused by the cooling tower; the engineering primary costs of evaporative chillers scheme are the highest, but its annual convert costs are the lowest because of the high-efficiency,energy-saving, and small equipment operation; the annual convert costs of a central refrigeration station scheme are the highest even though its engineering primary costs are medium; the sunk cooling tower scheme can be adopted preferentially because its annual convert costs are almost the same as those of the floor mounted cooling tower scheme, and all the inherently existing problems can be solved effectively at the same time.
引文
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[11]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.LU Yaoqing.Handbook for design of practical heating and air conditioning(second edition)[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.
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[2]徐智,杨智华,白雪莲.地铁车站冷却塔设置方案[C]//2014铁路暖通年会论文集,2014:86-96.XU Zhi,YANG Zhihua,BAI Xuelian.The setting scheme of cooling towers for subway station[C]//The Paper collection of 2014 Academic Conference on Railway HAVC,2014:86-96.
[3]许巍,王怀良,罗硕成.蒸发式冷凝空调系统在地铁中的应用[J].暖通空调,2011,41(6):43-46.XU Wei,WANG Huailiang,LUO Shuocheng.Application of evaporative condensation air conditioning system to underground railway station[J].HV&AC,2011,41(6):43-46.
[4]周游,李财钧.广州地铁集中空调冷源的选择[J].制冷与空调,2015,15(7):54-58.ZHOU You,LI Caijun.Selection of central air-conditioning cooling source in guangzhou metro station[J].Refrigeration and air-conditioning,2015,15(7):54-58.
[5]鲍成宇.城市轨道交通地下车站集中供冷研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.BAO Chengyu.Study on centralized cooling of underground station in urban rail transit[D].Chongqing:University of Chongqing,2012.
[6]周静,郭磊.冷却塔在地铁设计中的实例研究[J].制冷与空调,2014,28(4):434-436.ZHOU Jing,GUO Lei.A case study of cooling tower in metro design[J].Refrigeration and air-conditioning,2014,28(4):434-436.
[7]陈颖.蒸发式冷凝冷水机组在某地铁车站中的设计应用[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016,35(6):94-97.CHEN Ying.Design and application of evaporative condensing chiller in a metro station[J].Building energy&environment,2016,35(6):94-97.
[8]史京,田小梅.集中冷站在地铁中的应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2010,13(11):88-92.SHI Jing,TIAN Xiaomei.Application of centralized cold station on metro lines[J].Urban mass transit,2010,13(11):88-92.
[9]吴滔,吴辉.广州地铁集中冷站的自动控制[J].制冷,2003,22(2):74-76.WU Tao,WU Hui.Auto-control of centralized cold station in guangzhou metro[J].REFRIGERATION,2003,22(2):74-76.
[10]地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[11]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.LU Yaoqing.Handbook for design of practical heating and air conditioning(second edition)[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.
[12]中国建筑设计研究院等.全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施(暖通空调·动力)[M].北京:中国建筑标准设计研究院,2009.CADG.National civil construction engineering design technical measures(HVAC/Power)[M].Beijing:China Architectural Standards Design&Research Group,2009.