日俄战争与中国国民性批判——鲁迅“幻灯片”叙事再探
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摘要
对鲁迅而言,1920年代写作《呐喊·自序》与《藤野先生》之时流行的"民族性"和"文明"的话语及鲁迅本人的写作动机,使他"重建"了1905年那张"幻灯片"及其历史语境,从而将它建构为"中国人的劣根性"的一个具有强烈视觉冲击的文字图像证据。然而,正因为"回忆"暗含"现在的动机",这张"幻灯片"就不得不进行"修改",成为一个文学文本,而非历史文本。
引文
(1)[日]三船秋香:《满山辽水》,中央制版所1912年版,“露探の斩首”图片插页说明文字。
(1)鲁迅:《呐喊·自序》,载《鲁迅全集》(第1卷),人民文学出版社2014年版,第438页。
(2)鲁迅:《藤野先生》,载《鲁迅全集》(第2卷),人民文学出版社2014年版,第317页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(3)详见田书和:《北京市区主要街道景观导览》,崧博事业出版有限公司2018年版,“菜市口”条。
(4)Charles Fried,Gregory Fried,Because It is Wrong:Torture,Privacy and Presidential Power in the Age of Terror,New York:W.W.Norton Company,2010,p.77.
(5)Kathleen O’Shea,Women and the Death Penalty in the United States,1900-1998,Westport:Praeger,1999,p.177.
(1)任达:《新政革命与日本》,李仲贤译,江苏人民出版社2006年版,序言第1页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(1)Amos S.Hershey,The International Law and the Russo-Japanese War,London:Macmillan&Co.,Ltd.,1906,p.80.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“International”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(1)《“黄祸论”历史资料选辑》,吕浦等编译,中国社会科学院出版社1979年版,第309页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(2)Desmond B.O’Brian,“Letters on Books”,in Truth,A Weekly Journal,vol.LVII,London:“Truth”Buildings,1905,p.48.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Truth”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(3)Louis Livingston Seaman,From Tokio Through Manchuria With the Japanese,London:Sidney Appleton,1905,pp.161-162.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“From”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(4)Sidney Tyler,The Japan-Russia War:The Greatest Conflict of Modern Times,Philadelphia:P.W.Ziegler Co.,1905,pp.434-435.
(5)The Japan Weekly Mail,Jan.6,1906,p.5.
(1)Daniel V.Botsman,Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005,p.152.
(2)H.S.Palmer,“Recent Japanese Progress”,in Good Literature:A Weekly Review of American and Foreign Publications,,vol.3,no.61,March 11,1882,p.396.
(1)James Anson Farrer,Military Manners and Customs,London:Chatto&Windus Piccadilly,1885,p.145,p.146.
(2)William Winthrop,Military Law,vol.1,Washington:Law Bookseller and Publisher,1886,p.1105,p.1106.
(3)James Brown Scott,ed.,The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907,New York:Oxford University Press,1915,p.119.
(4)Lila Stewart Mann Smith,“What We Are Doing and Chapter Work:Nathan Hale Chapter Celebrates”,in Mrs.Mary S.Lockwood,ed.,The A-merican Monthly Magazine,vol.IX,July-December 1896,Washington:National Society,1896,p.351.
(5)John Haddad,“The Laundry Man’s Got a Knife!:China and Chinese America in Early United States Cinema”,in Colleen Fung et al,eds.,Chinese America:History and Perspectives,Chinese Historical Society of America,2001,p.39.
(6)Report of the Joint Special Committee to Investigate Chinese Immigration,Washington:Government Printing Office,1887,p.373.
(7)李光灿:《评〈寄簃文存〉》,群众出版社1985年版,第34页。
(8)Morris Low,Japan on Display:Photography and the Emperor,London:Routledge,2006,p.32.
(9)Ku Hungming,“The Moral Causes of the Russo-Japanese War”,in The Japanese Weekly Mail,Dec.24,1904.
(1)A Diary of the Russo-Japanese War:Being an Account of the War as Published daily in the“Kobe Chronicle”,vol.II,Kobe:Printed and Published at the“Chronicle”Office,1904-5,p.61.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Diary”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(2)“Japanese message to the Russian Army”,in The Russo-Japenese war fully Illustrated,vol.II,No.5,Tokyo:The Kinkodo Publishing Co.,1904,p.702.
(3)SakuyéTakahashi,Russo-Japanese War with the Decisions of the Japanese Prize Courts,London:Stevens and Sons,Limited.,1908,p.186.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Russo”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(4)周作人:《夏夜梦抄》,载《知堂文集》,天马书店1933年版,第234页。
(5)周作人:《死法》,载《知堂文集》,天马书店1933年版,第82页。
(6)周作人:《人力车与斩决》,载止庵编:《谈虎集》,河北教育出版社2002年版,第184页。
(7)周作人:《人力车与斩决》,载止庵编:《谈虎集》,河北教育出版社2002年版,第185页。
(1)鲁迅:《呐喊·自序》,载《鲁迅全集》(第1卷),第438-439页。
(1)Ian Hamilton,A Staff Officer’s Scrap-Book During the Russo-Japanese War,vol.I,London:Edward Arnold,1907,pp.165-166.
(2)The Japan Weekly Mail,June 6,1906.
(3)The Japan Weekly Mail,June 13,1906.
(1)鲁迅:《呐喊·自序》,载《鲁迅全集》(第1卷),人民文学出版社2014年版,第438页。
(2)鲁迅:《藤野先生》,载《鲁迅全集》(第2卷),人民文学出版社2014年版,第317页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(3)详见田书和:《北京市区主要街道景观导览》,崧博事业出版有限公司2018年版,“菜市口”条。
(4)Charles Fried,Gregory Fried,Because It is Wrong:Torture,Privacy and Presidential Power in the Age of Terror,New York:W.W.Norton Company,2010,p.77.
(5)Kathleen O’Shea,Women and the Death Penalty in the United States,1900-1998,Westport:Praeger,1999,p.177.
(1)任达:《新政革命与日本》,李仲贤译,江苏人民出版社2006年版,序言第1页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(1)Amos S.Hershey,The International Law and the Russo-Japanese War,London:Macmillan&Co.,Ltd.,1906,p.80.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“International”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(1)《“黄祸论”历史资料选辑》,吕浦等编译,中国社会科学院出版社1979年版,第309页。后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首字及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(2)Desmond B.O’Brian,“Letters on Books”,in Truth,A Weekly Journal,vol.LVII,London:“Truth”Buildings,1905,p.48.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Truth”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(3)Louis Livingston Seaman,From Tokio Through Manchuria With the Japanese,London:Sidney Appleton,1905,pp.161-162.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“From”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(4)Sidney Tyler,The Japan-Russia War:The Greatest Conflict of Modern Times,Philadelphia:P.W.Ziegler Co.,1905,pp.434-435.
(5)The Japan Weekly Mail,Jan.6,1906,p.5.
(1)Daniel V.Botsman,Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005,p.152.
(2)H.S.Palmer,“Recent Japanese Progress”,in Good Literature:A Weekly Review of American and Foreign Publications,,vol.3,no.61,March 11,1882,p.396.
(1)James Anson Farrer,Military Manners and Customs,London:Chatto&Windus Piccadilly,1885,p.145,p.146.
(2)William Winthrop,Military Law,vol.1,Washington:Law Bookseller and Publisher,1886,p.1105,p.1106.
(3)James Brown Scott,ed.,The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907,New York:Oxford University Press,1915,p.119.
(4)Lila Stewart Mann Smith,“What We Are Doing and Chapter Work:Nathan Hale Chapter Celebrates”,in Mrs.Mary S.Lockwood,ed.,The A-merican Monthly Magazine,vol.IX,July-December 1896,Washington:National Society,1896,p.351.
(5)John Haddad,“The Laundry Man’s Got a Knife!:China and Chinese America in Early United States Cinema”,in Colleen Fung et al,eds.,Chinese America:History and Perspectives,Chinese Historical Society of America,2001,p.39.
(6)Report of the Joint Special Committee to Investigate Chinese Immigration,Washington:Government Printing Office,1887,p.373.
(7)李光灿:《评〈寄簃文存〉》,群众出版社1985年版,第34页。
(8)Morris Low,Japan on Display:Photography and the Emperor,London:Routledge,2006,p.32.
(9)Ku Hungming,“The Moral Causes of the Russo-Japanese War”,in The Japanese Weekly Mail,Dec.24,1904.
(1)A Diary of the Russo-Japanese War:Being an Account of the War as Published daily in the“Kobe Chronicle”,vol.II,Kobe:Printed and Published at the“Chronicle”Office,1904-5,p.61.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Diary”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(2)“Japanese message to the Russian Army”,in The Russo-Japenese war fully Illustrated,vol.II,No.5,Tokyo:The Kinkodo Publishing Co.,1904,p.702.
(3)SakuyéTakahashi,Russo-Japanese War with the Decisions of the Japanese Prize Courts,London:Stevens and Sons,Limited.,1908,p.186.后文引用该著,只随文标注该著名称首词“Russo”及引文出处页码,不再另注。
(4)周作人:《夏夜梦抄》,载《知堂文集》,天马书店1933年版,第234页。
(5)周作人:《死法》,载《知堂文集》,天马书店1933年版,第82页。
(6)周作人:《人力车与斩决》,载止庵编:《谈虎集》,河北教育出版社2002年版,第184页。
(7)周作人:《人力车与斩决》,载止庵编:《谈虎集》,河北教育出版社2002年版,第185页。
(1)鲁迅:《呐喊·自序》,载《鲁迅全集》(第1卷),第438-439页。
(1)Ian Hamilton,A Staff Officer’s Scrap-Book During the Russo-Japanese War,vol.I,London:Edward Arnold,1907,pp.165-166.
(2)The Japan Weekly Mail,June 6,1906.
(3)The Japan Weekly Mail,June 13,1906.