混播人工草地不同方式放牧苏尼特羊生产效益趋势
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摘要
以混播人工草地放牧苏尼特羊为样本,在相同载畜量条件下,连续3年测定连续放牧与划区轮牧两种不同管理模式下羊只的生产性能变化并分析成本与收益趋势。结果表明,试验羊体重、销售收入的最佳时间点为每年的9月初;销售收入随放牧年限增加而增加,但以当年9月出栏经济效益较佳。划区轮牧效益与收入均优于连续放牧,3年的纯收入分别高74.80元/只、39.38元/只和62.26元/只,销售收入分别高77.66元/只、32.56元/只和85.14元/只。商品羊成本主要由羔羊、人工、冬春季节补饲料三部分构成,占总成本95%。降雨量减少造成牧草产量下降,缩小了划区轮牧和连续放牧间的差异。
This study was to investigate the sheep production and cost-benefit trend of different grazing regime. Sunite wether grazed on mixed artificial pasture was taking as the object of study with the same carrying capacity, the production performance of Sunite wether under two different management modes of continuous grazing and rotational grazing were measured for three consecutive years and the cost-benefit trend was analyzed.The results showed that the best time for weight and sales revenue of tested wether was early September, and sales revenue increased with the increase of grazing years, but the economic benefit was better in September of that year. The benefit and income of rotational grazing were both better than that of continuous grazing. In the three years, the benefits of each Sunite wether in rotation grazing regime were 74.80 yuan, 39.38 yuan and 62.26 yuan higher than that of continuous grazing regime, the income of each wether in rotation grazing regime was 77.66 yuan, 32.56 yuan and 85.14 yuan higher than that of continuous grazing regime. The cost of commodity sheep was mainly composed of lamb, labor and supplement feedstuff in winter and spring, accounting for 95% of the total cost. The decrease of rainfall resulted in the decrease of forage yield, which reduced the difference between rotational grazing and continuous grazing.
This study was to investigate the sheep production and cost-benefit trend of different grazing regime. Sunite wether grazed on mixed artificial pasture was taking as the object of study with the same carrying capacity, the production performance of Sunite wether under two different management modes of continuous grazing and rotational grazing were measured for three consecutive years and the cost-benefit trend was analyzed.The results showed that the best time for weight and sales revenue of tested wether was early September, and sales revenue increased with the increase of grazing years, but the economic benefit was better in September of that year. The benefit and income of rotational grazing were both better than that of continuous grazing. In the three years, the benefits of each Sunite wether in rotation grazing regime were 74.80 yuan, 39.38 yuan and 62.26 yuan higher than that of continuous grazing regime, the income of each wether in rotation grazing regime was 77.66 yuan, 32.56 yuan and 85.14 yuan higher than that of continuous grazing regime. The cost of commodity sheep was mainly composed of lamb, labor and supplement feedstuff in winter and spring, accounting for 95% of the total cost. The decrease of rainfall resulted in the decrease of forage yield, which reduced the difference between rotational grazing and continuous grazing.
引文
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[9] 王顺霞,呼天明.不同放牧制度对封育围栏草地植被和滩羊生产性能的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2010(1):42-44,58.Wang Shunxia,Hu Tianming.Effects of different grazing systems on the performance of fenced grassland vegetation and Tan sheep production[J].Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2010(1):42-44,58.
[10] 赵青山,侯向阳,赵艳清,等.混播人工草地不同放牧制度下草畜互作试验研究[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(1):67-72.Zhao Qingshan,Hou Xiangyang,Zhao Yanqing,et al.Effect of different grazing systems on nutrition of artificial pasture and sheep weight[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(1):67-72.
[11] 赵青山,赵艳清,那仁巴图,等.不同放牧方式对人工草地牧草营养和绵羊体重的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012 (12):70-71,124.Zhao Qingshan,Zhao Yanqing,Narenbatu,et al.Effects of different grazing methods on forage nutrition and sheep weight in artificial grassland[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts,2012(12):70-71,124.
[12] 赵青山,侯向阳,段俊杰,等.不同放牧制度下混播人工草地群落多样性动态[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):80-85.Zhao Qingshan,Hou Xiangyang,Duan Junjie,et al.A dynamic study on community diversity of leguminous grass mixed artificial pasture in different grazing systems[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(5):80-85.
[13] 万里强,万江春,李向林,等.山羊补饲与草畜平衡及其系统经济效益分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,429(28):25-28.Wan Liqiang,Wan Jiangchun,Li Xianglin,et al.Analysis on the supplementary feeding of goats,grass-livestock balance and system economic benefits[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,429(28):25-28.
[14] 汪诗平.内蒙古典型草原放牧绵羊体增重与放牧率之间的关系[J].草业学报,2000,7(2):10-16.Wang Shiping.Relationships between body gains and stocking rates of grazing sheep on typical Inner Mongolian grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2000,7(2):10-16.
[15] 汪诗平,李永宏,陈佐忠.内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标[J].草地学报,1999,7(3):183-191.Wang Shiping,Li Yonghong,Chen Zuozhong.The optimal stocking rates on grazing system in Inner Mongolia steppe Ⅰ.Based on analysis of liveweight gain per animal and hectare and benefit[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,1999,7(3):183-191.
[16] 刘金祥,周道玮,王德利.羊草草原放牧绵羊体重动态及其限制性因素分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(6):82-85,90.Liu Jinxiang,Zhou Daowei,Wang Deli.Dynamics of weight and analysis of weight gain restrictive factors of grazing sheep[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2002,24(6):82-85,90.
[17] 戎郁萍,韩建国,王培,等.放牧强度和草地类型对育肥羔羊生产性能的影响[J].草地学报,2000,8(4):279-288.Rong Yuping,Han Jianguo,Wang Pei,et al.The effect of different grazing intensity and grassland type on the lamb performance[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2000,8(4):279-288.
[18] 赵瑞雪,程钰宏,董宽虎.国外放牧方法研究概述[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn,1-10,2009.Zhao Ruixue,Cheng Yuhong,Dong Kuanhu.Overview of foreign grazing methods[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn,1-10,2009.
[19] 彭祺,王宁.不同放牧制度对草地植被的影响[J].农业科学研究,2005(1):27-30.Peng Qi,Wang Ning.The effects of different grazing systems on the grassland vegetation[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2005(1):27-30.
[2] 苏加义,赵红梅.国外人工草地[J].草食家畜,2003(2):65-66.Su Jiayi,Zhao Hongmei.Foreign artificial grassland[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2003(2):65-66.
[3] 单达聪,季海峰,熊六飞.圈养与放养肉用绵羊经济效益比较[J].当代畜牧,2006(8):1-3.Shan Dacong,Ji Haifeng,Xiong Liufei.Comparison of economic benefits between captive and stocking sheep[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2006(8):1-3.
[4] 卫智军.不同放牧强度和放牧方式经济效益的比较分析[J].内蒙古草业,1992(2):22-27.Wei Zhijun.Comparative analysis of economic benefits of different grazing intensities and grazing modes[J].Inner Mongolia Prataculture,1992(2):22-27.
[5] 刘迎春,李有福,来德珍,等.青藏高原人工草地暖季不同放牧方式对牦牛增重的影响[J].草原与草坪,2005(1):53-57.Liu Yingchun,Li Youfu,Lai Dezhen,et al.Effect of grazing perennial artificial grassland in warm-season on gain of Yak calves in the alpine meadow[J].Grassland and Turf,2005(1):53-57.
[6] 毛培胜,韩亮亮,王新国,等.不同放牧制度对老芒麦人工草地和羔羊体重的影响[J].草业科学,2007,24(11):66-69.Mao Peisheng,Han Liangliang,Wang Xinguo,et al.Effect of grazing system on Elymus sibiricus and ram-lamb weight[J].Pratacultural Science,2007,24(11):66-69.
[7] 卫智军,韩国栋,邢旗,等.短花针茅草原划区轮牧与自由放牧比较研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(4):46-49.Wei Zhijun,Han Guodong,Xing Qi,et al.The comparison between rotational and continuous grazing systems[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,2000,21(4):46-49.
[8] 范守民,余雄,安沙舟,等.那拉提山地草甸草地划区轮牧与自由放牧效果的对比分析[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(3):200-204.Fan Shoumin,Yu Xiong,An Shazhou,et al.Contrast analysis of the result between rotation grazing and uncontrolled grazing in Nalati mountain meadow[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2006,43(3):200-204.
[9] 王顺霞,呼天明.不同放牧制度对封育围栏草地植被和滩羊生产性能的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2010(1):42-44,58.Wang Shunxia,Hu Tianming.Effects of different grazing systems on the performance of fenced grassland vegetation and Tan sheep production[J].Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2010(1):42-44,58.
[10] 赵青山,侯向阳,赵艳清,等.混播人工草地不同放牧制度下草畜互作试验研究[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(1):67-72.Zhao Qingshan,Hou Xiangyang,Zhao Yanqing,et al.Effect of different grazing systems on nutrition of artificial pasture and sheep weight[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(1):67-72.
[11] 赵青山,赵艳清,那仁巴图,等.不同放牧方式对人工草地牧草营养和绵羊体重的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012 (12):70-71,124.Zhao Qingshan,Zhao Yanqing,Narenbatu,et al.Effects of different grazing methods on forage nutrition and sheep weight in artificial grassland[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts,2012(12):70-71,124.
[12] 赵青山,侯向阳,段俊杰,等.不同放牧制度下混播人工草地群落多样性动态[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):80-85.Zhao Qingshan,Hou Xiangyang,Duan Junjie,et al.A dynamic study on community diversity of leguminous grass mixed artificial pasture in different grazing systems[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(5):80-85.
[13] 万里强,万江春,李向林,等.山羊补饲与草畜平衡及其系统经济效益分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,429(28):25-28.Wan Liqiang,Wan Jiangchun,Li Xianglin,et al.Analysis on the supplementary feeding of goats,grass-livestock balance and system economic benefits[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,429(28):25-28.
[14] 汪诗平.内蒙古典型草原放牧绵羊体增重与放牧率之间的关系[J].草业学报,2000,7(2):10-16.Wang Shiping.Relationships between body gains and stocking rates of grazing sheep on typical Inner Mongolian grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2000,7(2):10-16.
[15] 汪诗平,李永宏,陈佐忠.内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标[J].草地学报,1999,7(3):183-191.Wang Shiping,Li Yonghong,Chen Zuozhong.The optimal stocking rates on grazing system in Inner Mongolia steppe Ⅰ.Based on analysis of liveweight gain per animal and hectare and benefit[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,1999,7(3):183-191.
[16] 刘金祥,周道玮,王德利.羊草草原放牧绵羊体重动态及其限制性因素分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(6):82-85,90.Liu Jinxiang,Zhou Daowei,Wang Deli.Dynamics of weight and analysis of weight gain restrictive factors of grazing sheep[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2002,24(6):82-85,90.
[17] 戎郁萍,韩建国,王培,等.放牧强度和草地类型对育肥羔羊生产性能的影响[J].草地学报,2000,8(4):279-288.Rong Yuping,Han Jianguo,Wang Pei,et al.The effect of different grazing intensity and grassland type on the lamb performance[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2000,8(4):279-288.
[18] 赵瑞雪,程钰宏,董宽虎.国外放牧方法研究概述[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn,1-10,2009.Zhao Ruixue,Cheng Yuhong,Dong Kuanhu.Overview of foreign grazing methods[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn,1-10,2009.
[19] 彭祺,王宁.不同放牧制度对草地植被的影响[J].农业科学研究,2005(1):27-30.Peng Qi,Wang Ning.The effects of different grazing systems on the grassland vegetation[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2005(1):27-30.