小型自走式割灌机的设计与研究
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摘要
基于我国农林机械尤其是灌木收割作业设备的种类较少、生产效率低等现状,设计了一台可以在灌木林地、沙地等复杂环境条件下使用的新型小型自走式割灌机。介绍了本机的整体结构和工作原理,对其行驶性能及爬坡能力进行分析,得出小型自走式割灌机行走机构所需的最小牵引力为1936N,额定功率为4.14k W;结合切削要素以及对切削力的影响因素建立函数关系,计算出所需切削力为151.37N,切削功率为8.86k W。在此基础上,对行走机构的转向性能进行分析,得出小型自走式割灌机转向时履带支撑部分的转向阻力矩为455N·m,最小理论转弯半径为2 9 0 mm。通过整合,得出小型自走式割灌机的性能参数。小型自走式割灌机的设计,改善了我国市场上小型割灌机械自动化程度低、工人劳动强度大,以及国外大型灌木收割联合设备适应性差和工作不灵活等缺点,为推动我国割灌机械的发展提供参考。
At present,China ' s agriculture and forestry machinery is less type and low productivity. Bushes harvesting equipment reflects the most obvious. In this context,this paper designed a new small self-propelled brush cutter that can be used under the complex environmental conditions of shrubbery. First of all,this paper introduced the overall structure and working principle of this machine; then,the driving performance and climbing ability of small self-propelled brush cutter are analyzed; At the same time,calculated the self-propelled mechanism required minimum traction is 1963 N and the rated power of walking type cutting machine is 4. 14 k W. Then,combined with cutting elements to establish function relations,calculate the required cutting force is 151. 37 N and cutting power is 8. 86 k W. Secondly, the steering performance of the running gear was analyzed,the steering resistance moment of crawler support part of small self-propelled brush cutter and minimum theoretical turning radius was obtained. the steering resistance moment of crawler support part of small self-propelled brush cutter is 455 N ·m,the minimum theoretical turning radius is 290 mm. Finally,the performance parameters of the small self-propelled brush cutter are obtained through the integration. The design of Small self-propelled brush cutter not only improved the automation degree of small cutter in our country,reduced the labor intensity of workers,but also solved the shortcomings of poor adaptability and inflexibility of large-scale shrubbery combined equipment in foreign countries. In a word,the design of small self-propelled brush cutter has promoted the developmentof cutting irrigation machinery in our country.
At present,China ' s agriculture and forestry machinery is less type and low productivity. Bushes harvesting equipment reflects the most obvious. In this context,this paper designed a new small self-propelled brush cutter that can be used under the complex environmental conditions of shrubbery. First of all,this paper introduced the overall structure and working principle of this machine; then,the driving performance and climbing ability of small self-propelled brush cutter are analyzed; At the same time,calculated the self-propelled mechanism required minimum traction is 1963 N and the rated power of walking type cutting machine is 4. 14 k W. Then,combined with cutting elements to establish function relations,calculate the required cutting force is 151. 37 N and cutting power is 8. 86 k W. Secondly, the steering performance of the running gear was analyzed,the steering resistance moment of crawler support part of small self-propelled brush cutter and minimum theoretical turning radius was obtained. the steering resistance moment of crawler support part of small self-propelled brush cutter is 455 N ·m,the minimum theoretical turning radius is 290 mm. Finally,the performance parameters of the small self-propelled brush cutter are obtained through the integration. The design of Small self-propelled brush cutter not only improved the automation degree of small cutter in our country,reduced the labor intensity of workers,but also solved the shortcomings of poor adaptability and inflexibility of large-scale shrubbery combined equipment in foreign countries. In a word,the design of small self-propelled brush cutter has promoted the developmentof cutting irrigation machinery in our country.
引文
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[13]周鸣宇,叶龙,祁建.大型双履带车辆转向性能的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013(12):87-89.
[2]陈诚,俞国胜.往复式灌木切割器滑切角对灌木切割的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(2):115-119.
[3]李宁,俞国胜.灌木收割机理及装备研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(4):1862-1864.
[4]王慧,谭望,马岩.自走式割灌机翻转机构的设计与分析[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(2):101-105.
[5]巩青松,董阿忠,陈靖芯,等.履带式车辆关键机构分析与设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2008(4):10-14.
[6]齐英杰,胡忠林,马岩,等.小型集材用单履带手扶运输设备底盘结构设计与分析[J].林产工业,2016,43(8):45-49.
[7]战丽,朱晓亮,马岩,等.间伐伐区小型集材机的设计[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(3):97-102.
[8]马阿娟,陈忠加,俞国胜,等.履带自行式沙地灌木林平茬机的研制及应用[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):99-106.
[9]金维洙,花军.木材切削与木工刀具[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005.
[10]张云鹤,杨铁,马岩,等.数控往复式剖分锯主机结构设计与研究[J].林产工业,2015,42(8):42-46.
[11]杨博.人工林履带式间伐采伐机设计与虚拟装配[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[12]杨春梅,刘千军,李耀祥,等.小型履带式采伐机转向理论分析与计算[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):111-116.
[13]周鸣宇,叶龙,祁建.大型双履带车辆转向性能的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013(12):87-89.