新型EEG检测干电极设计制备和测试研究
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摘要
设计制作了一款新型的脑电干电极,用于实现对EEG信号的检测。相较于传统的湿电极,该新型电极在测试过程中不需要导电介质,有效降低了实验准备过程的复杂度,可以大大缩短实验准备时间。而且,其接触电阻可以和湿电极在同一数量级,从而可实现长时间实时稳定测量EEG。利用聚吡咯石墨烯纳米复合物对电极探头进行修饰,对干电极与头皮的接触阻抗进行了阻抗谱测试,可以有效降低接触电阻,提高信号的稳定性和可靠性。采用自制干电极与碗状湿电极,在不同脑区进行了脑电信号检测的对比实验,信号线性相关度均在90%以上,将干电极检测的脑电信号分解,分解波段波形符合脑电信号特征波特征,证明该新型干电极可用于无发区和有发区脑电信号的检测。搭建了基于新型干电极的无线脑电采集分析系统,实现了简单的脑机接口设计,进一步证明了干电极的实用性。
In this study,a novel EEG dry-electrode is designed and manufactured,which is used for EEG signal detection.Compared with conventional wet electrodes,the new electrode does not require using conductive gels during the test process,which effectively decreases the complexity of the skin preparation process.The contact resistance of the new electrode has the value of the same order of magnitudes as that of the wet electrode,thus the stable,real-time and long-term EEG measurement can be achieved.The dry EEG sensor is designed to contact the scalp surface with spring contact probes.Each electrode probe is electro- deposited with conductive polymer- polypyrrole grapheme,which could increase the histocompatibility and effectively reduce the contact resistance.EEG detection comparison experiments were conducted with dry electrodes and wet electrodes on different brain regions,the result shows that the signal linear correlation are all above 90%.The EEG signal detected with the dry electrode was decomposed,and the decomposed wave conforms to the characteristics of EEG rhythm.The experiment results indicate that this new type of dry electrode can be apphed to the EEG signal detection both in forehead and hairy areas.Moreover,a wireless EEG acquisition and analysis system was built based on the new dry electrode and a simple brain computer interface(BCI) was implemented,which proves the practicability of the dry electrodes further.
In this study,a novel EEG dry-electrode is designed and manufactured,which is used for EEG signal detection.Compared with conventional wet electrodes,the new electrode does not require using conductive gels during the test process,which effectively decreases the complexity of the skin preparation process.The contact resistance of the new electrode has the value of the same order of magnitudes as that of the wet electrode,thus the stable,real-time and long-term EEG measurement can be achieved.The dry EEG sensor is designed to contact the scalp surface with spring contact probes.Each electrode probe is electro- deposited with conductive polymer- polypyrrole grapheme,which could increase the histocompatibility and effectively reduce the contact resistance.EEG detection comparison experiments were conducted with dry electrodes and wet electrodes on different brain regions,the result shows that the signal linear correlation are all above 90%.The EEG signal detected with the dry electrode was decomposed,and the decomposed wave conforms to the characteristics of EEG rhythm.The experiment results indicate that this new type of dry electrode can be apphed to the EEG signal detection both in forehead and hairy areas.Moreover,a wireless EEG acquisition and analysis system was built based on the new dry electrode and a simple brain computer interface(BCI) was implemented,which proves the practicability of the dry electrodes further.
引文
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[19]王斐,王少楠,王惜慧,等.基于脑电图识别结合操纵特征的驾驶疲劳检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(2):398-404.WANG F,WANG SH N.WANG X H,et al.Driving fatigue detection based on EEG recognition and vehicle handling characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(2):398-404.
[20]李学哲,潘玉民,李孝平,等.电子血压计质量检测方法与系统的研究[J].国外电子测量技术,2015,34(11):44-47.LI X ZH,PANG Y M,LI X P,et al.Study on testing method and system for electronic sphygmomanometer[J].Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology,2015,34(11).44-47.
[21]刘磊,孙晓菲,张煜.基于STM32的可遥控智能跟随小车设计[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(6):31-33,47.LIU L,SUN X F,ZHANG Y.Remote controlling and intelligent following car design based on STM32[J].Electric Measurement Technology,2015,38(6):31-33,47.
[2]王晓韡,石立臣,吕宝粮.干电极脑电采集技术综述[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2010,29(5):777-784.WANG X W,SHI L CH,LV B L.A survey on the technology of dry electrodes for EEG recording[J].Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2010,29(5):777-784.
[3]LI ZH K,HEBIBUL R,ZHAO LB,et al.Capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducer as a resonant temperature sensor[J].Instrumentation,2014,1(3):67-74.
[4]吴澄,陈迪,胡锐军,等.柔性衬底MEMS技术制备脑电图干电极阵列研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(7):1035-1040.WU CH,CHEN D,HU R J,et al.Fabrication of dry electroencephalography electrode using flexible substrate MEMS technique[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2011,45(7):1035-1040.
[5]LOPEZ-GORDO M A,SANCHEZ-MORILLO D,VALLE F P.Dry EEG electrodes[J].Sensors,2014,14(7):12847.
[6]张伟林.基于高输入阻抗放大器的EEG传感器设计[J].传感器与微系统,2014,33(11):82-85.ZHANG W L.EEG sensor design based on amplifier of high input impedance[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2014,33(11):82-85.
[7]沙一峰.基于超高输入阻抗放大电路的生物传感器设计[J].传感器与微系统,2013,32(11):71-74.SHA Y F.Design on bio-sensor based on ultra-high input impedance amplifier circuit[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2013,32(11):71-74.
[8]GARGIULO G,CALVO R A,BIFULCO P,et al.A new EEG recording system for passive dry electrodes[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2010,121(5):686-693.
[9]王力,蒋庭君,石文韬,等.聚吡咯氧化石墨烯修饰的神经微电极阵列[J].电子科技大学学报,2015,44(4):623-626.WANG L,JIANG T J,SHI W T,et al.A planar microelectrode array electrode posited by polypyrrole graphene oxide[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2015,44(4):623-626.
[10]CHI Y M,WANG Y T,WANG Y J,et al.Dry and noncontact EEG sensors for mobile brain-computer interfaces[J].IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,2012,20(2):228-235.
[11]郭小辉,黄英,腾珂,等.全柔性电容式触觉传感阵列设计与实验[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2015,29(9):1278-1285.GUO X H,HUANG Y,TENG K,et al.Design and experiment of full-flexible capacitive tactile sensing array[J].Journal of Electronic on Measurement and Instrumentation,2015,29(9):1278-1285.
[12]VAN PUTTEN M J A M,PETERS J M,MULDER S M,et al.A brain symmetry index(BSI)for online EEG monitoring in carotid endarterectomy[J].Clinical Neurophysiology,2004,115(5):1189-1194.
[13]MENG Y,LI ZH B,CHEN X,et al.A flexible dry micro-dome electrode for ECG monitoring[J].Microsyst Technol,2015,21(6):1241-1248.
[14]SITNIKOVA E,HRAMOV A E,KORONOVSKY A A,et al.Sleep spindles and spike-wave discharges in EEG;Their generic features,similarities and distinctions disclosed with Fourier transform and continuous wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Neuroscience Methods,2009,180(2):304-316.
[15]颜世玉,刘冲,赵海滨,等.基于小波包分解的意识脑电特征提取[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(8):1748-52.YAN SH Y,LIU CH,ZHAO H B,et al.Imaginary EEG feature extraction based on wavelet packet decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(8):1748-1752.
[16]LIN CH T,LIAO L D,LIU Y H,et al.Novel dry polymer foam electrodes for long-term EEG measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering,2011,58(5):1200-1207.
[17]朱天桥,黄力宇.单导癫痫脑电模糊特征提取的支持向量机发作预测[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(11):2434-2439.ZHU T Q,HUANG L Y.Epileptic seizure prediction from single channel scalp EEG using support vector machine based on fuzzy feature extracted with empirical mode decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(11):2434-2439.
[18]DIAS N S,CARMO J P,MENDES P M,et al.Wireless instrumentation system based on dry electrodes for acquiring EEG signals[J].Medical Engineering&Physics,2012,34(7):972-981.
[19]王斐,王少楠,王惜慧,等.基于脑电图识别结合操纵特征的驾驶疲劳检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(2):398-404.WANG F,WANG SH N.WANG X H,et al.Driving fatigue detection based on EEG recognition and vehicle handling characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(2):398-404.
[20]李学哲,潘玉民,李孝平,等.电子血压计质量检测方法与系统的研究[J].国外电子测量技术,2015,34(11):44-47.LI X ZH,PANG Y M,LI X P,et al.Study on testing method and system for electronic sphygmomanometer[J].Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology,2015,34(11).44-47.
[21]刘磊,孙晓菲,张煜.基于STM32的可遥控智能跟随小车设计[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(6):31-33,47.LIU L,SUN X F,ZHANG Y.Remote controlling and intelligent following car design based on STM32[J].Electric Measurement Technology,2015,38(6):31-33,47.