钴资源供需格局及全球布局研究
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摘要
近年来中国钴需求持续增长,但是国内钴资源稀缺,钴产业的健康发展高度依赖国外钴资源,中国矿业企业"走出去"是必经之路。本文介绍了全球及中国钴资源的供需格局及未来趋势,选取资源、政治、经济、双边关系及基础设施五方面因素的10个指标,对主要资源国的投资环境进行定量评价。评价结果显示刚果(金)、澳大利亚和加拿大可以作为全球布局的一级规划区,俄罗斯、南太平洋国家、南非和马达加斯加可作为二级规划区,同时应加大对东太平洋CC区海底富钴结壳资源的调查、评价、开采技术研究,为将来开发海底资源进行技术储备和生产准备。
China's scarce cobalt resources and the growing demand for cobalt lead to that the healthy development of the cobalt industry highly rely on the foreign cobalt resources.It is necessary for Chinese mining companies to go out.This paper comprehensively introduces the global and Chinese supply and demand of cobalt resources.The investment environment of major resource countries is quantitatively evaluated by selecting 10 indicators of five factors including resources,politics,economy,bilateral relations and infrastructure.Evaluation results show that the Congo(DRC),Australia and Canada are the priority global layout planning areas,and Russia,south Pacific countries,South Africa and Madagascar are designated as the secondary planning areas for strategic layout.At the same time,the investigation,evaluation and exploitation technology research of the seabed cobalt-rich crusted resources in the CC area of the eastern Pacific should be increased,so as to make technical reserves and production preparation for the future exploitation of the seabed resources.
China's scarce cobalt resources and the growing demand for cobalt lead to that the healthy development of the cobalt industry highly rely on the foreign cobalt resources.It is necessary for Chinese mining companies to go out.This paper comprehensively introduces the global and Chinese supply and demand of cobalt resources.The investment environment of major resource countries is quantitatively evaluated by selecting 10 indicators of five factors including resources,politics,economy,bilateral relations and infrastructure.Evaluation results show that the Congo(DRC),Australia and Canada are the priority global layout planning areas,and Russia,south Pacific countries,South Africa and Madagascar are designated as the secondary planning areas for strategic layout.At the same time,the investigation,evaluation and exploitation technology research of the seabed cobalt-rich crusted resources in the CC area of the eastern Pacific should be increased,so as to make technical reserves and production preparation for the future exploitation of the seabed resources.
引文
[1]中国地质科学院全球矿产资源战略研究中心.新时代中国战略性关键矿产目录厘定[R].2019.
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[3]安泰科.2018年钴市场发展报告[R].2019.
[4]于淼,邓希光,姚会强,等.世界海底多金属结核调查与研究进展[J].中国地质,2018,45(1):29-38.YU Miao,DENG Xiguang,YAO Huiqiang,et al.The progress in the investigation and study of global deep-sea polumetallic nodules[J].Geology in China,2018,45(1):29-38.
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[8]丰成友,张德全,党兴彦.中国钴资源及其开发利用概况[J].矿床地质,2004,23(1):93-100.FENG Chengyou,ZHANG Dequan,DANG Xingyan.Cobalt resources of China and their exploitation and utilization[J].Mineral Deposits,2004,23(1):93-100.
[9]文博杰,陈毓川,王高尚,等.2035年中国能源与矿产资源需求展望[J].中国工程科学,2019,21(1):68-73.WEN Bojie,CHEN Yuchuan,WANG Gaoshang,et al.China's demand for energy and mineral resources by 2035[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2019,21(1):68-73.
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[11]陈艳红,郑明贵,程秋亭,等.海外主要铜矿资源国家人文社会风险评价研究[J].江西理工大学学报,2014,35(4):37-40.CHEN Yanhong,ZHENG Minggui,CHENG Qiuting,et al.Research on human and social risk assessment of overseas countries with major copper resources[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2014,35(4):37-40.
[12]刘瑶.基于国家投资指数比较的中国海外投资选择研究——以巴西、俄罗斯、南非为例[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2014.
[13]马新根,孙健东,原江涛,等.煤炭行业海外投资环境评价体系研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(8):328-330.MA Xingen,SUN Jiandong,YUAN Jiangtao,et al.Study on foreign direct investment environment evaluation system of coal industry[J].Coal Technology,2015,34(8):328-330.
[14]张栋,许燕,张舒媛.“一带一路”沿线主要国家投资风险识别与对策研究[J/OL].东北亚论坛.https:∥doi.org/10.13654/j.cnki.naf.2019.03.006.
[15]张艳飞,陈其慎,刘宁.中国矿业“走出去”的新形势与新挑战[J].中国矿业,2017,26(11):23-26.ZHANG Yanfei,CHEN Qishen,LIU Ning.Discussion on the new situation and challenge of China's mining industry“going out”[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(11):23-26.
[2]HAYES S M,MCCULLOUGH E A.Critical minerals:a review of elemental trends in comprehensive criticality studies[J].Resource Policy,2018(59):192-199.
[3]安泰科.2018年钴市场发展报告[R].2019.
[4]于淼,邓希光,姚会强,等.世界海底多金属结核调查与研究进展[J].中国地质,2018,45(1):29-38.YU Miao,DENG Xiguang,YAO Huiqiang,et al.The progress in the investigation and study of global deep-sea polumetallic nodules[J].Geology in China,2018,45(1):29-38.
[5]U.S.Geological Survey.Critical mineral resources of the U-nited States-economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply[R].2017.
[6]U.S.Geological Survey.Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019[R].2019.
[7]张福良,崔笛,胡永达,等.钴矿资源形势分析及管理对策建议[J].中国矿业,2014,23(7):6-10.ZHANG Fuliang,CUI Di,HU Yongda,et al.Analysis on the development situation of cobalt ore resources and recommend management strategies[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(7):6-10.
[8]丰成友,张德全,党兴彦.中国钴资源及其开发利用概况[J].矿床地质,2004,23(1):93-100.FENG Chengyou,ZHANG Dequan,DANG Xingyan.Cobalt resources of China and their exploitation and utilization[J].Mineral Deposits,2004,23(1):93-100.
[9]文博杰,陈毓川,王高尚,等.2035年中国能源与矿产资源需求展望[J].中国工程科学,2019,21(1):68-73.WEN Bojie,CHEN Yuchuan,WANG Gaoshang,et al.China's demand for energy and mineral resources by 2035[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2019,21(1):68-73.
[10]周艳晶,李颖,柳群义,等.中国钴需求趋势及供应问题浅析[J].中国矿业,2014,23(12):16-19.ZHOU Yanjing,LI Ying,LIU Qunyi,et al.Analysis of cobalt demand trends and brief supply in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(12):16-19.
[11]陈艳红,郑明贵,程秋亭,等.海外主要铜矿资源国家人文社会风险评价研究[J].江西理工大学学报,2014,35(4):37-40.CHEN Yanhong,ZHENG Minggui,CHENG Qiuting,et al.Research on human and social risk assessment of overseas countries with major copper resources[J].Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2014,35(4):37-40.
[12]刘瑶.基于国家投资指数比较的中国海外投资选择研究——以巴西、俄罗斯、南非为例[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学,2014.
[13]马新根,孙健东,原江涛,等.煤炭行业海外投资环境评价体系研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(8):328-330.MA Xingen,SUN Jiandong,YUAN Jiangtao,et al.Study on foreign direct investment environment evaluation system of coal industry[J].Coal Technology,2015,34(8):328-330.
[14]张栋,许燕,张舒媛.“一带一路”沿线主要国家投资风险识别与对策研究[J/OL].东北亚论坛.https:∥doi.org/10.13654/j.cnki.naf.2019.03.006.
[15]张艳飞,陈其慎,刘宁.中国矿业“走出去”的新形势与新挑战[J].中国矿业,2017,26(11):23-26.ZHANG Yanfei,CHEN Qishen,LIU Ning.Discussion on the new situation and challenge of China's mining industry“going out”[J].China Mining Magazine,2017,26(11):23-26.