基于三维地应力实测的巷道稳定性优化研究
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摘要
地应力对巷道稳定性的影响是多方面的,断面形式和布置方式是影响巷道稳定性的决定因素。根据地应力分布特征,选取合理的巷道断面和布置方式是解决巷道变形与失稳问题的关键所在。研究采用目前技术上最先进的CSIRO套孔应力解除法分别对某矿地应力进行实测,分析总结了矿区的地应力分布规律。以此为基础应用三维数值模拟,设计不同方案研究巷道围岩应力和位移特征、塑性区分布情况,分别计算分析了不同走向巷道和不同断面巷道的稳定性状况。通过分析和对比,确定了维持巷道最小变形的优化设计方案:半圆拱或三心拱断面巷道稳定性优于梯形巷道,当走向与最大主应力方向平行时巷道稳定性最好。以研究结果为依据,建议矿山深部巷道采用拱形断面,布置在与最大水平主应力方向平行的岩层中,以减小地应力对巷道的不利影响,提高巷道的服务年限和使用效率。
Influence of geo-stress on the stability of the drift is in many aspects,roadway section and disposal mode are the most important factors affect the stability of the drift. Selecting appropriate roadway section and reasonable disposal mode is the key to solve problems of deformation and instability. According to distribution characteristics of geo-stress. the stress relief method by CSIRO overcoring was used to measure 3 D geo-stress in a mine. And regularities of distribution of geo-stress was brought to light by detailed analysis. Based on the foundation of understanding of 3 D geo-stress,three-dimensional model of drift was established to analyze drift stability. Kinds of schemes consist of different axial directions and different sections were used to discuss variation including stress,displacement and plastic zone distribution. By comparison and analysis of 3D numerical calculation,the optimum scheme is found that ensure the minimum deformation of drift. the stability of semi-circular arch section or threecentered arch section are superior to trapezoid cross section. When axial direction parallel with the maximum principal stress,influence of drift received is minimum. According to research result,we put forward some suggestions that arch section and parallel arrangement are favorable to reduce the disadvantageous effects of geo-stress,prolong the service life of the drift and enhance the use efficiency.
Influence of geo-stress on the stability of the drift is in many aspects,roadway section and disposal mode are the most important factors affect the stability of the drift. Selecting appropriate roadway section and reasonable disposal mode is the key to solve problems of deformation and instability. According to distribution characteristics of geo-stress. the stress relief method by CSIRO overcoring was used to measure 3 D geo-stress in a mine. And regularities of distribution of geo-stress was brought to light by detailed analysis. Based on the foundation of understanding of 3 D geo-stress,three-dimensional model of drift was established to analyze drift stability. Kinds of schemes consist of different axial directions and different sections were used to discuss variation including stress,displacement and plastic zone distribution. By comparison and analysis of 3D numerical calculation,the optimum scheme is found that ensure the minimum deformation of drift. the stability of semi-circular arch section or threecentered arch section are superior to trapezoid cross section. When axial direction parallel with the maximum principal stress,influence of drift received is minimum. According to research result,we put forward some suggestions that arch section and parallel arrangement are favorable to reduce the disadvantageous effects of geo-stress,prolong the service life of the drift and enhance the use efficiency.
引文
[1]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.(Cai Meifeng,He Manchao,Liu Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[2]Brady B H G,Brown E T.Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining(3rd ed)[M].Springer-Verlag New York Inc.,2004.
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[4]覃敏.多中段强化开采地压微震监测与预警技术应用研究[D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2013.(Qin Ming.Application research of remote microseismic monitoring and early warning technology on ground pressure of many levels enhanced mining[D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(Cai Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[6]郭喜峰,尹健民,李永松,等.引汉济渭工程黄三隧洞地应力测试研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(增2):1629-1635.(Guo Xifeng,Yin Jianming,Li Yongsong,et al.Study on crustal stress measurement at huangsan tunnel of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River diversion project[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(Supp.2):1629-1635.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929-933.(Kang Hongpu,Lin Jian,Zhang Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929-933.(in Chinese))
[8]孙卫春,闵弘,王川婴.三维地应力测量及地质力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3778-3784.(Sun Weichun,Min Hong,Wang Chuanying.Three dimensional geostress measurement and geomechanical analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,27(Supp.2):3778-3784.(in Chinese))
[9]乔兰,欧阳振华,来兴平,等.三山岛金矿采空区地应力测量及结果分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(6):569-571.(Qiao Lan,Ouyang Zhenhua,Lai Xingping,et al.In-situ stress measuring and its result analysis Sanshandao gold mine of China[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(6):569-571.(in Chinese))
[10]邱贤德,姜永东,卢黎,等.套孔应力解除法在危岩边坡地应力测量中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(11):97-99.(Qiu Xiande,Jiang Yongdong,Lu Li,et al.Technology of stress relief by overcoring used in dangerous rock slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2004,27(11):97-99.(in Chinese))
[11]李新平,汪斌,周桂龙.我国大陆实测深部地应力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):2875-2880.(Li Xinping,Wang Bin,Zhou Guilong.Research on distribution rule of geostress in deep stratum in Chinese mainland[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):2875-2880.(in Chinese))
[12]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654-662.(Xie Furen,Cui Xiaofeng,Zhap Jiantao,et al.Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):654-662.(in Chinese))
[13]陈群策,毛吉震,侯砚和.利用地应力实测数据讨论地形对地应力的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3990-3995.(Chen Qunce,Mao Jizhen,Hou Yanhe.Study on influence of topography on in-situ stress by interpretation of measurement data of in-situ stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3990-3995.(in Chinese))
[14]王胜本,张晓.煤矿井下地质构造与地应力的关系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):738-742.(Wang Shengben,Zhang Xiao.Relation between geological structures and in-situ stresses in underground coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):738-742.(in Chinese))
[15]陈群策,丰成君,孟文,等.5·12汶川地震后龙门山断裂带东北段现今地应力测量结果分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(12):3923-3932.(Chen Qunce,Feng Chengjun,Meng Wen,et al.Analysis in situ stress measurements at the northeastern section of the Longmenshan fault zone after the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(12):3923-3932.(in Chinese))
[2]Brady B H G,Brown E T.Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining(3rd ed)[M].Springer-Verlag New York Inc.,2004.
[3]张百红,韩立军,韩贵雷,等.深部三维地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2547-2555.(Zhang Baihong,Han Lijun,Han Guilei,et al.Study of 3D in situ stress measurement and stability of roadways in depth[J]Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2547-2555(in Chinese)).
[4]覃敏.多中段强化开采地压微震监测与预警技术应用研究[D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2013.(Qin Ming.Application research of remote microseismic monitoring and early warning technology on ground pressure of many levels enhanced mining[D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(Cai Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[6]郭喜峰,尹健民,李永松,等.引汉济渭工程黄三隧洞地应力测试研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(增2):1629-1635.(Guo Xifeng,Yin Jianming,Li Yongsong,et al.Study on crustal stress measurement at huangsan tunnel of Hanjiang-to-Weihe River diversion project[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(Supp.2):1629-1635.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929-933.(Kang Hongpu,Lin Jian,Zhang Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929-933.(in Chinese))
[8]孙卫春,闵弘,王川婴.三维地应力测量及地质力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3778-3784.(Sun Weichun,Min Hong,Wang Chuanying.Three dimensional geostress measurement and geomechanical analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,27(Supp.2):3778-3784.(in Chinese))
[9]乔兰,欧阳振华,来兴平,等.三山岛金矿采空区地应力测量及结果分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(6):569-571.(Qiao Lan,Ouyang Zhenhua,Lai Xingping,et al.In-situ stress measuring and its result analysis Sanshandao gold mine of China[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(6):569-571.(in Chinese))
[10]邱贤德,姜永东,卢黎,等.套孔应力解除法在危岩边坡地应力测量中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(11):97-99.(Qiu Xiande,Jiang Yongdong,Lu Li,et al.Technology of stress relief by overcoring used in dangerous rock slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2004,27(11):97-99.(in Chinese))
[11]李新平,汪斌,周桂龙.我国大陆实测深部地应力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):2875-2880.(Li Xinping,Wang Bin,Zhou Guilong.Research on distribution rule of geostress in deep stratum in Chinese mainland[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):2875-2880.(in Chinese))
[12]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654-662.(Xie Furen,Cui Xiaofeng,Zhap Jiantao,et al.Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):654-662.(in Chinese))
[13]陈群策,毛吉震,侯砚和.利用地应力实测数据讨论地形对地应力的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3990-3995.(Chen Qunce,Mao Jizhen,Hou Yanhe.Study on influence of topography on in-situ stress by interpretation of measurement data of in-situ stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3990-3995.(in Chinese))
[14]王胜本,张晓.煤矿井下地质构造与地应力的关系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):738-742.(Wang Shengben,Zhang Xiao.Relation between geological structures and in-situ stresses in underground coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):738-742.(in Chinese))
[15]陈群策,丰成君,孟文,等.5·12汶川地震后龙门山断裂带东北段现今地应力测量结果分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(12):3923-3932.(Chen Qunce,Feng Chengjun,Meng Wen,et al.Analysis in situ stress measurements at the northeastern section of the Longmenshan fault zone after the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(12):3923-3932.(in Chinese))