闽江上游支流九龙溪永安段的演化过程及其工程地质意义
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摘要
闽江上游支流九龙溪永安段的两处特殊的地质现象:九龙溪在流至永安霞鹤时流向由南东向转北东向,形成近90°的转弯;文川溪汇入九龙溪后,河曲异常发育。本次研究通过对该区域内地质构造、岸线形态、河岸地貌和岩性条件等的对比分析,认为构造特征是九龙溪永安段形成近90°转弯的主要原因,岩溶塌陷是九龙溪永安段河曲发育异常的主要原因。九龙溪永安段的河曲发育过程属于岩溶塌陷改造河道的模式,其演化分为三个阶段:第一阶段,由于河流南北地块的差异性抬升形成曲流;第二阶段,北岸发生岩溶塌陷,河道开始向北岸方向出现弯曲;第三阶段,因矶头的挑流作用,迫使河流再次改向,最终形成了河曲建造。九龙溪永安段的演化模式说明了岩溶塌陷对河流改道的重要影响,在今后的护岸建设及地质灾害防御方面应充分考虑这一因素的影响。对于沙溪流经的两处岩溶区的岸崩预防区,九龙溪永安段应将重点放在其北岸,三明市台江一带的沙溪两岸都是重点。
The main objectives of this work are to explain the current approximately 90° change of Jiulong River at Xiahe,Yong'an and to illuminate the abnormal development of Jiulong River's meander after being into the Wenchuan River. Through comparative analysis of geological structures,shoreline morphology,river bank geomorphology and lithological conditions in this region,it is indicated that structure features are a dominating factor of the previous phenomenon and karst collapse is a dominating factor of the latter one. Karst collapse affected the development of Jiulong River in Yong'an in three phases. In the first phase,differential uplifting caused the formation of meander. In the second phase,intense erosion in the south and karst collapse in the north occurred. In the thrid phase,modern meander formed due to the impact of rock spurs. The study shows that karst collapse is an important factor in development of river and is also significant in engineering geology. Two karst areas in the study area and the nearby Taijing of Sanming City should be prevented from bank collapse; the first one should pay more attention on the north of the river and the last one should on both the north and south.
The main objectives of this work are to explain the current approximately 90° change of Jiulong River at Xiahe,Yong'an and to illuminate the abnormal development of Jiulong River's meander after being into the Wenchuan River. Through comparative analysis of geological structures,shoreline morphology,river bank geomorphology and lithological conditions in this region,it is indicated that structure features are a dominating factor of the previous phenomenon and karst collapse is a dominating factor of the latter one. Karst collapse affected the development of Jiulong River in Yong'an in three phases. In the first phase,differential uplifting caused the formation of meander. In the second phase,intense erosion in the south and karst collapse in the north occurred. In the thrid phase,modern meander formed due to the impact of rock spurs. The study shows that karst collapse is an important factor in development of river and is also significant in engineering geology. Two karst areas in the study area and the nearby Taijing of Sanming City should be prevented from bank collapse; the first one should pay more attention on the north of the river and the last one should on both the north and south.
引文
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Guo Chunqing,Li Zhiyu,YangJun,Tian Xizhao,Tian Yueming,Hu Junchun.2015.Distribution and formation mechanism of karst on a project site in Yunnan Province[J].Geology and Exploration,51(5):984-992(in Chinese with English abstract).
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曹建华,蒋忠诚,袁道先,夏日元,章程.2017.岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展[J].中国地质,44(5):874-900.
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Guo Chunqing,Li Zhiyu,YangJun,Tian Xizhao,Tian Yueming,Hu Junchun.2015.Distribution and formation mechanism of karst on a project site in Yunnan Province[J].Geology and Exploration,51(5):984-992(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Guangming,Li Chang'an,Zhao Juxing.2017.Characteristics of multi-stage crustal uplifting since the late Middle Pleistocene in the Wanshouyan area of Sanming,Fujian Province and their geological implications[J].Geology and Exploration,53(6):1181-1187(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Guangming,Li Chang'an,Zhao Juxing.2018.Development process of layered karst caves and its implication of engineering geology,Wanshouyan,Fujian Province[J].Quaternary Scinces,38(2):521-528(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Quanzhen.1998.Directions on geological map at scale of 1:500000 of Fujian Province[M].Fuzhou:Fujian Provincial Map Publishing House:90-93(in Chinese).
Ji Chengkang,Liu Kaiping.2002.Discussions on the effect of fluvial process in the downstream of the Yangtze River on the flood control[J].Water Power,1:9-12.
Li Chang'an.1998.Effect of tilted uplift of Tongbai-Dabie mountains on middle Yangtze river environment[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,23(6):562-565(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chang'an,Yang Zedong,Lu Xianzhang,Shao Lei.2008a.Recent bank line change in Anhui section of Changjiang River based on information of remote sensing images[J].Quaternary Sciences,28(2):319-325(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chang'an,Yang Zedong,Lu Xianzhang,Shao Lei,Wang Jietao.2008b.Bank collapse characteristics,formation mechanism,and countermeasures of the Changjiang river in Anhui Province[J].Quaternary Sciences,28(2):578-583(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Chang'an,Zhang Yufeng.1999.An important tectonic movement and itsenvironmental effect in Quaternary[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,18(4):42-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Jianhai.1998.Classification and characteristics of the tectonic movements and structural layers in Fujian Province[J].Geology of Fujian,17(3):115-129(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Guande.1956a.The development and changing of the Min river valley within the Foochow basin[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University,2:171-180(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Guande.1956b.The development and implication of the lower Min River“Hongshan”valley[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University,1:189-192(in Chinese).
Lin Guande.1957.Neotectonic of Fujian Province[J].Geology Knowledge,9:19-23(in Chinese).
School of Geography,Fujian Normal University.1987.Physical geography of Fujian Province[M]:Fuzhou:Fujian People's Publishing House:119-128(in Chinese).
Shen Yuchang.1980.Thirty years in geomorphology in the People's Republic of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,35(1):189-192(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian Dan,Li Chang'an.2014.River development process and capture model in upper Qingjiang basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,33(1):80-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Licheng.1990.Quaternary sedimentary characteristics and evolvement of the estuary of Minjiang River[J].Donghai Marine Science,8(3):26-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Xiliang.1987.Sea level changes,neotectonism and seismicity since late Pleistocene along the coastal areas of Fujian Province[J].South China Seismological Journal,7(3):3-9.
Wu Xiliang.2002.Rates of the vertical movements of the fault blocks along the coast of Fujian Province during the last 10,000 years[J].Journal of Fuzhou Teachers College,22(2):41-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie Xiaoping,Zhang Songlin,Wang Yongdong,Wang Zhaoyin.2008.Temporal and spatial evolution of meandering river in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River[J].Quaternary Sciences,28(2):326-331(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Maoquan.1995.Studies on fragmentary minerals in surface sedimentsof the Minjiang estuary[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),34(3):466-469.
Yan Zhuangsu.1988.Characteristics of heavy minerals distribution in the surface sediments in Minjiang estuarine region[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,7(2):112-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Zigeng.1991.Evolution of eastern shelf of China in Quaternary and its environmental consequences[A].Liang Mingsheng,Zhang Jilin.Correlation of onshore and offshore Quaternary in China[C].Beijing:Science Press:1-22(in Chinese).
Zhang Jie,Wang Shaojun,Liang Mingjian.2016.Hypsometric integral of drainage basins in the coastal area of Fujian and associated Neotectonic significance[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,38(4):638-646(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Lu,Qu Guosheng,Zhu Jinfang,Li Yigang,Huang Zonglin.2007.Model of Quaternary tectonic movement and dynamic setting of basins along the coast of Fujian,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,26(3):275-287.
Zhou Xinmin,Li Wuxian.2000.Origin of late Mesozoic igneous rock in Southeastern China:implications for lithosphere subduction and under plating of mafic magmas[J].Tectonophysics,326:269-287.
Zhao Juxing.2018.Contents of urban geological investigation in Sanming,Fujian Province-Also about the focuses of urban geological survey in hilly city[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,32(3):403-407.
曹建华,蒋忠诚,袁道先,夏日元,章程.2017.岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展[J].中国地质,44(5):874-900.
陈峰,王海鹏,郑志凤,张培辉,叶燕贻.1998.闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变ⅰ.水下三角洲形成的环境因子与地貌发育[J].台湾海峡,17(4):396-401.
陈峰,张培辉,王海鹏,叶燕贻,郑志凤.1999a.闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变ⅱ.水下三角洲平原[J].台湾海峡,18(1):1-5.
陈峰,张培辉,王海鹏,叶燕贻,郑志凤.1999b.闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变ⅲ.三角洲前缘与前三角洲[J].台湾海峡,18(2)140-146.
陈心怡,黄奇瑜,邵磊.2018.福建闽江和九龙江现代沉积物重矿物特征及其物源意义[J].古地理学报,20(4)637-649.
福建师范大学地理系.1987.福建自然地理[M].福州:福建人民出版社:119-128.
郭纯青,李志宇,杨军,田西昭,田月明,胡君春.2015.云南某工程建设场地岩溶分布与形成机制[J].地质与勘探,51(5):984-992.
黄光明,李长安,赵举兴.2017.福建三明万寿岩地区中更新世晚期以来地壳多期隆升特征及地质意义[J].地质与勘探,53(6):1181-1187.
黄光明,李长安,赵举兴.2018.福建三明万寿岩层状洞穴发育过程及其工程地质意义[J].第四纪研究,38(2):521-528.
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