工作意义感的研究述评与未来展望
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摘要
随着新生代员工进入并主导劳动力市场,员工的工作意义感受到了学界前所未有的关注。在概念上,研究者主要从工作特征取向、价值观/态度取向和感受/体验取向三种视角界定工作意义感,结构与测量工具由传统的单维度向多维度发展,呈现多样化趋势,但在结构的统一性、工具的有效性和文化适用性方面有待继续考证。影响因素方面,现有研究从个体/工作特征、领导方式和组织情境等方面考察了工作意义感的前因,后续研究应更多关注不同层次影响因素的交互效应;影响效果上,现有研究表明工作意义感对员工的绩效表现和情绪稳定具有"双刃剑"效应。最后,文章从概念与测量工具、影响因素与效果、研究设计和本土化研究方面提出了未来研究构想。
With the new generation of employees enter and dominate the labor market, research has paid more attention to meaningful work. The review indicated that:(1) Job characteristics perspective, value/attitude perspective or experience perspective was utilized to conceptualize meaningful work;(2) Dimension and measures of meaningful work was developed from single to multi-dimension, and showed diversified trend;(3) Antecedents of meaningful work consisted of both individual and situational variables;(4) Meaningful work was found to bring both positive and negative outcomes for individuals, which indicated that it has a "double-edged effect". We concluded with an agenda for future research on the conceptualization, measurement, nomological network and cross-cultural/indigenous investigation of meaningful work.
With the new generation of employees enter and dominate the labor market, research has paid more attention to meaningful work. The review indicated that:(1) Job characteristics perspective, value/attitude perspective or experience perspective was utilized to conceptualize meaningful work;(2) Dimension and measures of meaningful work was developed from single to multi-dimension, and showed diversified trend;(3) Antecedents of meaningful work consisted of both individual and situational variables;(4) Meaningful work was found to bring both positive and negative outcomes for individuals, which indicated that it has a "double-edged effect". We concluded with an agenda for future research on the conceptualization, measurement, nomological network and cross-cultural/indigenous investigation of meaningful work.
引文
1.陈佳乐.(2016).工作意义感的含义及量表的修订(硕士学位论文).北京:中国人民大学.
2.黎金荣.(2016).新生代产业工人工作意义构建策略研究--以A汽车企业管理实践为例.中国人力资源开发,(19),21-27.
3.尚玉钒,马娇.(2011).“工作意义”的变迁研究.管理学家(学术版),(3),59-67.
4.宋萌,王震,孙健敏.(2015).辱虐管理对下属反馈规避行为的影响:积极归因与工作意义的作用.预测,34(5),22-27.
5.杨慊,程巍,贺文洁,韩布新,杨昭宁.(2016).追求意义能带来幸福吗?.心理科学进展,24(9),1496-1503.
6.尹奎,刘娜.(2016).工作重塑、工作意义与任务复杂性、任务互依性的调节作用.商业研究,62(11),112-116.
7.张志学,施俊琦,刘军.(2016).组织行为与领导力研究的进展与前沿.心理科学进展,24(3),317-326.
8.张同全,张亚军,程文霞.(2017).职场灵性对和谐劳动关系的影响研究.中国人力资源开发,(6),146-154.
9.Akdo?an,A.,Arslan,A.,&Demirta?,?.(2016).A strategic influence of corporate social responsibility on meaningful work and organizational identification,via perceptions of ethical leadership.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,235(2),259-268.
10.Ahmed,U.,Majid,A.H.A.,&Zin,M.L.M.(2016).Meaningful work and work engagement:A relationship demanding urgent attention.International Journal of Academic Research in Business&Social Sciences,6(8).116-122.
11.Albuquerque,I.F.,Cunha,R.C.,Martins,L.D.,&Sá,A.B.(2014).Primary health care services:Workplace spirituality and organizational performance.Journal of Or ganizational Change Management,27(1),59-82.
12.Allan,B.A.(2017).Task significance and meaningful work:Alongitudinal study.Journal of Vocational Behavior,102(1),174-182.
13.Arnold,K.A.,Turner,N.,Barling,J.,Kelloway,E.K.,&Mckee,M.C.(2007).Transformational leadership and psychological well-being:The mediating role of meaningful work.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,12(3),193-203.
14.Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Duffy,R.D.(2016).Selfdetermination and meaningful work:Exploring socioeconomic constraints.Frontiers in Psychology,7(186),71.
15.Bailey,C.,&Madden,A.(2016).What makes work meaningfulor meaningless?MIT Sloan Management Review,57(1),53-61.
16.Bailey,C.,Catherine,&Madden,A.(2017).Time reclaimed:Temporality and the experience of meaningful work.Sussex Research Online.http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/56288/
17.Bellah,R.,Madsen,R.,&Sullivan,W.(1986).Habits of the heart:Individualism and commitment in American life.Berkeley:University of California Press.
18.Bendassolli,P.F.,Borges-Andrade,J.E.,Alves,J.S.C.,Torres,T.D.L.,Bendassolli,P.F.,&Borges-Andrade,J.E.,et al.(2015).Meaningful work scale in creative industries:A confirmatory factor analysis.PsicoUSF,20(1),1-12.
19.Bunderson,J.S.,&Thompson,J.A.(2009).The call of the wild:Zookeepers,callings,and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work.Administrative Science Quarterly,54(1),32-57.
20.Cartwright,S.,&Holmes,N.(2006).The meaning of work:The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism.Human Resource Management Review,16(2),199-208.
21.Chalofsky,N.(2003).An emerging construct for meaningful work.Human Resource Development International,6(1),69-83.
22.Chen,C.Y.,&Li,C.I.(2013).Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness:The contribution of follower's self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position.Leadership Quarterly,24(1),240-255.
23.Clausen,T.,&Borg,V.(2011).Job demands,job resources and meaning at work.Journal of Managerial Psychology,26(8),665-681.
24.Cohenmeitar,R.,Carmeli,A.,&Waldman,D.A.(2009).Linking meaningfulness in the workplace to employee creativity:The intervening role of organizational identification and positive psychological experiences.Creativity Research Journal,21(4),361-375.
25.Duffy,R.D.,Dik,B.J.,&Steger,M.F.(2011).Calling and workrelated outcomes:Career commitment as a mediator.Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),210-218.
26.Duffy,R.D.,Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Bott,E.M.(2013).Calling and life satisfaction:It's not about having it,it's about living it.Journal of Counseling Psychology,60(1),42-52.
27.Duffy,R.D.,Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Douglass,R.P.(2014).Living a calling and work well-being:A longitudinal study.Journal of Counseling Psychology,61(4),605-615.
28.Fairlie,P.(2011).Meaningful work,employee engagement,and other key employee outcomes:Implications for human resource development.Advances in Developing Human Resources,13(4),504-521.
29.Geldenhuys,M.,?aba,K.,&Venter,C.M.(2014).Meaningful work,work engagement and organizational commitment.Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology,40(1),1-10.
30.Ghadi,M.Y.(2017).Transformational leadership and meaningful work:Building a conceptual model of indirect and direct paths.Jordan Journal of Business Administration,13(1),143-160.
31.Gupta,M.,Kumar,V.,&Singh,M.(2014).Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality:A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab(India).Journal of Business Ethics,122(1),79-88.
32.Hackman,J.R.,&Oldham,G.R.(1976).Motivation through the design of work:Test of a theory.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,16(2),250-279.
33.Hoogervorst,J.(2017).The imperative for employee-centric organizing and its significance for enterprise engineering.Organizational Design&Enterprise Engineering,1(1),1-16.
34.Johns,G.,Xie,J.L.,&Fang,Y.(1992).Mediating and moderating effects in job design.Journal of Management,18(4),657-676.
35.Johnson,M.J.,&Jiang,L.(2016).Reaping the benefits of meaningful work:The mediating versus moderating role of work engagement.Stress&Health,33(3),288-297.
36.Kosfeld,M.,Neckermann,S.,&Yang,X.L.(2017).The effects of financial and recognition incentives across work contexts:The role of meaning.Economic Inquiry,55(1),237-247.
37.Lee,S.(2015).A concept analysis of"meaning in work"and its implications for nursing.Journal of Advanced Nursing,71(10),2258-2267.
38.Lips-Wiersma,M.,&Wright,S.(2012).Measuring the meaning of meaningful work:Development and validation of the comprehensive meaningful work scale.Group&Organization Management,37(5),655-685.
39.May,D.R.,Gilson,R.L.,&Harter,L.M.(2004).The psychological conditions of meaningfulness,safety,availability,and the engagement of the human spirit at work.Journal of Occupational&Organizational Psychology,77(1),11-37.
40.Menges,J.I.,&Kilduff,M.(2015).Group emotions:cutting the Gordian knots concerning terms,levels of analysis,and processes.Academy of Management Annals,9(1),845-928.
41.Miller,J.G.,&Wheeler,K.G.(2010).Unraveling the mysteries of gender differences in intentions to leave the organization.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(5),465-478.
42.Morin,E.M.(2008).The meaning of work,mental health and organizational commitment.
43.Nielsen,K.,Yarker,J.,Brenner,S.O.,Randall,R.,&Borg,V.(2008).The importance of transformational leadership style for the wellbeing of employees working with older people.Journal of Advanced Nursing,63(5),465-475.
44.Oakley F.(2015).Generational differences in the frequency and importance of meaningful work..(Unpublished Master's dissertation).Canterbury:University of Canterbury.
45.Piccolo,R.F.,&Colquitt,J.A.(2006).Transformational leadership and job behaviors:The mediating role of core job characteristics.Academy of Management Journal,49(2),327-340.
46.Robertson,M.P.(2013).Doing meaning:A theoretical and grounded exploration of workplace relationships and meaningful work.Journal of Materials Chemistry,20(44),9848-9851.
47.Rosso,B.D.,Dekas,K.H.,&Wrzesniewski,A.(2010).On the meaning of work:A theoretical integration and review.Research in Organizational Behavior,30,91-127.
48.Schaufeli,W.B.,Bakker,A.B.,&Salanova,M.(2006).The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire:A crossnational study.Educational&Psychological Measurement,66(4),701-716.
49.Schnell,T.,H?ge,T.,&Pollet,E.(2013).Predicting meaning in work:Theory,data,implications.Journal of Positive Psychology,8(6),543-554.
50.Soane,E.,Shantz,A.,Alfes,K.,Truss,C.,Rees,C.,&Gatenby,M.(2013).The association of meaningfulness,well-being,and engagement with absenteeism:A moderated mediation model.Human Resource Management,52(3),441-456.
51.Spreitzer G M.(1995).An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace.American Journal of Community Psychology,23(5),601-629.
52.Steger,M.F.,Dik,B.J.,&Duffy,R.D.(2012).Measuring meaningful work the work and meaning inventory(WAMI).Journal of Career Assessment,20(3),322-337.
53.Steger,M.F.,Littmanovadia,H.,Miller,M.,Menger,L.,&Rothmann,S.(2013).Engaging in work even when it is meaningless:Positive affective disposition and meaningful work interact in relation to work engagement.Journal of Career Assessment,21(2),348-361.
54.Tims,M.,Derks,D.,&Bakker,A.B.(2016).Job crafting and its relationships with person-job fit and meaningfulness:A three-wave study.Journal of Vocational Behavior,92(1),44-53.
55.Tummers,L.G.,&Knies,E.(2013).Leadership and meaningful work in the public sector.Public Administration Review,73(6),859-868.
56.Tummers,L.,&Knies,E.(2016).Measuring public leadership:Developing scales for four key public leadership roles.Public Administration,94(2),433-451.
57.Wang,Z.,&Xu,H.(2017).When and for whom ethical leadership is more effective in eliciting work meaningfulness and positive attitudes:The moderating roles of core self-evaluation and perceived organizational support.Journal of Business Ethics,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3563-x.
58.Wrzesniewski,Amy,McCauley,Clark,Rozin,Paul,&Schwartz,Barry.(1997).Jobs,careers,and callings:People's relations to their work.Journal of Research in Personality,31(1),21-33.
59.Yeoman,R.(2014).Conceptualizing meaningful work as a fundamental human need.Journal of Business Ethics,125(2),235-251.
2.黎金荣.(2016).新生代产业工人工作意义构建策略研究--以A汽车企业管理实践为例.中国人力资源开发,(19),21-27.
3.尚玉钒,马娇.(2011).“工作意义”的变迁研究.管理学家(学术版),(3),59-67.
4.宋萌,王震,孙健敏.(2015).辱虐管理对下属反馈规避行为的影响:积极归因与工作意义的作用.预测,34(5),22-27.
5.杨慊,程巍,贺文洁,韩布新,杨昭宁.(2016).追求意义能带来幸福吗?.心理科学进展,24(9),1496-1503.
6.尹奎,刘娜.(2016).工作重塑、工作意义与任务复杂性、任务互依性的调节作用.商业研究,62(11),112-116.
7.张志学,施俊琦,刘军.(2016).组织行为与领导力研究的进展与前沿.心理科学进展,24(3),317-326.
8.张同全,张亚军,程文霞.(2017).职场灵性对和谐劳动关系的影响研究.中国人力资源开发,(6),146-154.
9.Akdo?an,A.,Arslan,A.,&Demirta?,?.(2016).A strategic influence of corporate social responsibility on meaningful work and organizational identification,via perceptions of ethical leadership.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,235(2),259-268.
10.Ahmed,U.,Majid,A.H.A.,&Zin,M.L.M.(2016).Meaningful work and work engagement:A relationship demanding urgent attention.International Journal of Academic Research in Business&Social Sciences,6(8).116-122.
11.Albuquerque,I.F.,Cunha,R.C.,Martins,L.D.,&Sá,A.B.(2014).Primary health care services:Workplace spirituality and organizational performance.Journal of Or ganizational Change Management,27(1),59-82.
12.Allan,B.A.(2017).Task significance and meaningful work:Alongitudinal study.Journal of Vocational Behavior,102(1),174-182.
13.Arnold,K.A.,Turner,N.,Barling,J.,Kelloway,E.K.,&Mckee,M.C.(2007).Transformational leadership and psychological well-being:The mediating role of meaningful work.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,12(3),193-203.
14.Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Duffy,R.D.(2016).Selfdetermination and meaningful work:Exploring socioeconomic constraints.Frontiers in Psychology,7(186),71.
15.Bailey,C.,&Madden,A.(2016).What makes work meaningfulor meaningless?MIT Sloan Management Review,57(1),53-61.
16.Bailey,C.,Catherine,&Madden,A.(2017).Time reclaimed:Temporality and the experience of meaningful work.Sussex Research Online.http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/56288/
17.Bellah,R.,Madsen,R.,&Sullivan,W.(1986).Habits of the heart:Individualism and commitment in American life.Berkeley:University of California Press.
18.Bendassolli,P.F.,Borges-Andrade,J.E.,Alves,J.S.C.,Torres,T.D.L.,Bendassolli,P.F.,&Borges-Andrade,J.E.,et al.(2015).Meaningful work scale in creative industries:A confirmatory factor analysis.PsicoUSF,20(1),1-12.
19.Bunderson,J.S.,&Thompson,J.A.(2009).The call of the wild:Zookeepers,callings,and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work.Administrative Science Quarterly,54(1),32-57.
20.Cartwright,S.,&Holmes,N.(2006).The meaning of work:The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism.Human Resource Management Review,16(2),199-208.
21.Chalofsky,N.(2003).An emerging construct for meaningful work.Human Resource Development International,6(1),69-83.
22.Chen,C.Y.,&Li,C.I.(2013).Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness:The contribution of follower's self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position.Leadership Quarterly,24(1),240-255.
23.Clausen,T.,&Borg,V.(2011).Job demands,job resources and meaning at work.Journal of Managerial Psychology,26(8),665-681.
24.Cohenmeitar,R.,Carmeli,A.,&Waldman,D.A.(2009).Linking meaningfulness in the workplace to employee creativity:The intervening role of organizational identification and positive psychological experiences.Creativity Research Journal,21(4),361-375.
25.Duffy,R.D.,Dik,B.J.,&Steger,M.F.(2011).Calling and workrelated outcomes:Career commitment as a mediator.Journal of Vocational Behavior,78(2),210-218.
26.Duffy,R.D.,Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Bott,E.M.(2013).Calling and life satisfaction:It's not about having it,it's about living it.Journal of Counseling Psychology,60(1),42-52.
27.Duffy,R.D.,Allan,B.A.,Autin,K.L.,&Douglass,R.P.(2014).Living a calling and work well-being:A longitudinal study.Journal of Counseling Psychology,61(4),605-615.
28.Fairlie,P.(2011).Meaningful work,employee engagement,and other key employee outcomes:Implications for human resource development.Advances in Developing Human Resources,13(4),504-521.
29.Geldenhuys,M.,?aba,K.,&Venter,C.M.(2014).Meaningful work,work engagement and organizational commitment.Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology,40(1),1-10.
30.Ghadi,M.Y.(2017).Transformational leadership and meaningful work:Building a conceptual model of indirect and direct paths.Jordan Journal of Business Administration,13(1),143-160.
31.Gupta,M.,Kumar,V.,&Singh,M.(2014).Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality:A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab(India).Journal of Business Ethics,122(1),79-88.
32.Hackman,J.R.,&Oldham,G.R.(1976).Motivation through the design of work:Test of a theory.Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,16(2),250-279.
33.Hoogervorst,J.(2017).The imperative for employee-centric organizing and its significance for enterprise engineering.Organizational Design&Enterprise Engineering,1(1),1-16.
34.Johns,G.,Xie,J.L.,&Fang,Y.(1992).Mediating and moderating effects in job design.Journal of Management,18(4),657-676.
35.Johnson,M.J.,&Jiang,L.(2016).Reaping the benefits of meaningful work:The mediating versus moderating role of work engagement.Stress&Health,33(3),288-297.
36.Kosfeld,M.,Neckermann,S.,&Yang,X.L.(2017).The effects of financial and recognition incentives across work contexts:The role of meaning.Economic Inquiry,55(1),237-247.
37.Lee,S.(2015).A concept analysis of"meaning in work"and its implications for nursing.Journal of Advanced Nursing,71(10),2258-2267.
38.Lips-Wiersma,M.,&Wright,S.(2012).Measuring the meaning of meaningful work:Development and validation of the comprehensive meaningful work scale.Group&Organization Management,37(5),655-685.
39.May,D.R.,Gilson,R.L.,&Harter,L.M.(2004).The psychological conditions of meaningfulness,safety,availability,and the engagement of the human spirit at work.Journal of Occupational&Organizational Psychology,77(1),11-37.
40.Menges,J.I.,&Kilduff,M.(2015).Group emotions:cutting the Gordian knots concerning terms,levels of analysis,and processes.Academy of Management Annals,9(1),845-928.
41.Miller,J.G.,&Wheeler,K.G.(2010).Unraveling the mysteries of gender differences in intentions to leave the organization.Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(5),465-478.
42.Morin,E.M.(2008).The meaning of work,mental health and organizational commitment.
43.Nielsen,K.,Yarker,J.,Brenner,S.O.,Randall,R.,&Borg,V.(2008).The importance of transformational leadership style for the wellbeing of employees working with older people.Journal of Advanced Nursing,63(5),465-475.
44.Oakley F.(2015).Generational differences in the frequency and importance of meaningful work..(Unpublished Master's dissertation).Canterbury:University of Canterbury.
45.Piccolo,R.F.,&Colquitt,J.A.(2006).Transformational leadership and job behaviors:The mediating role of core job characteristics.Academy of Management Journal,49(2),327-340.
46.Robertson,M.P.(2013).Doing meaning:A theoretical and grounded exploration of workplace relationships and meaningful work.Journal of Materials Chemistry,20(44),9848-9851.
47.Rosso,B.D.,Dekas,K.H.,&Wrzesniewski,A.(2010).On the meaning of work:A theoretical integration and review.Research in Organizational Behavior,30,91-127.
48.Schaufeli,W.B.,Bakker,A.B.,&Salanova,M.(2006).The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire:A crossnational study.Educational&Psychological Measurement,66(4),701-716.
49.Schnell,T.,H?ge,T.,&Pollet,E.(2013).Predicting meaning in work:Theory,data,implications.Journal of Positive Psychology,8(6),543-554.
50.Soane,E.,Shantz,A.,Alfes,K.,Truss,C.,Rees,C.,&Gatenby,M.(2013).The association of meaningfulness,well-being,and engagement with absenteeism:A moderated mediation model.Human Resource Management,52(3),441-456.
51.Spreitzer G M.(1995).An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace.American Journal of Community Psychology,23(5),601-629.
52.Steger,M.F.,Dik,B.J.,&Duffy,R.D.(2012).Measuring meaningful work the work and meaning inventory(WAMI).Journal of Career Assessment,20(3),322-337.
53.Steger,M.F.,Littmanovadia,H.,Miller,M.,Menger,L.,&Rothmann,S.(2013).Engaging in work even when it is meaningless:Positive affective disposition and meaningful work interact in relation to work engagement.Journal of Career Assessment,21(2),348-361.
54.Tims,M.,Derks,D.,&Bakker,A.B.(2016).Job crafting and its relationships with person-job fit and meaningfulness:A three-wave study.Journal of Vocational Behavior,92(1),44-53.
55.Tummers,L.G.,&Knies,E.(2013).Leadership and meaningful work in the public sector.Public Administration Review,73(6),859-868.
56.Tummers,L.,&Knies,E.(2016).Measuring public leadership:Developing scales for four key public leadership roles.Public Administration,94(2),433-451.
57.Wang,Z.,&Xu,H.(2017).When and for whom ethical leadership is more effective in eliciting work meaningfulness and positive attitudes:The moderating roles of core self-evaluation and perceived organizational support.Journal of Business Ethics,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3563-x.
58.Wrzesniewski,Amy,McCauley,Clark,Rozin,Paul,&Schwartz,Barry.(1997).Jobs,careers,and callings:People's relations to their work.Journal of Research in Personality,31(1),21-33.
59.Yeoman,R.(2014).Conceptualizing meaningful work as a fundamental human need.Journal of Business Ethics,125(2),235-251.