饲粮添加果寡糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、营养素利用率、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加果寡糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、营养素利用率、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响。选取384只65周龄、体重和产蛋率相近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的果寡糖。试验预试期1周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低试验后期(第7～12周)蛋鸡料蛋比(P<0.05),且料蛋比随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。2)试验期末(第12周末),蛋黄颜色评分随饲粮果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著提高了试验期末蛋鸡对饲粮的表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率(P<0.05),且表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。4)试验期末蛋鸡血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性降低(P<0.05),其中0.4%果寡糖添加组和0.6%果寡糖添加组蛋鸡血清甘油三酯含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低了试验第12周末蛋鸡空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著增加了蛋鸡回肠绒毛高度(P <0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加果寡糖可改善产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道形态结构,提高营养素利用率,调节脂质代谢,从而提高生产性能和改善蛋品质,且在试验后期效果更加显著。以生产性能为判断依据,推荐产蛋后期蛋鸡基础饲粮中果寡糖的添加量为0.20%～0.25%。
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide( FOS) on performance,utilization of nutrients,serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens. Three hundred and eighty-four healthy 65-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens with uniform body weight and egg production were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Layers in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% FOS,respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks followed a one-week adaptation phase. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary 0.2% FOS significantly increased the ratio of feed to egg of laying hens during later period of experiment( from 7 to 12 weeks)( P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain showed a quadratic change with the FOS supplementation increasing( P<0.05). 2) Dietary FOS linearly increased yolk color at the end of 12 weeks of this experiment( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,quadratic effects on apparent metabolic energy( AME) and the crude protein utilization ratio were observed with the FOS supplementation increasing( P<0.05),and dietery 0.2% FOS significantly increased AME and the crude protein utilization ratio of laying hens( P<0.05). 4) Dietary FOS linearly increased the contents of total protein and globulin in serum of laying hens( P<0.05),while linearly decreased the contents of total cholesterol,triglyceride( TG) and high-density lipoprotein in serum of laying hens( P < 0.05). The serum TG content in 0. 4% FOS supplemental group and 0.6% FOS supplemental group were significantly lower than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). 5)Compared with the control group,dietary 0.2% FOS significantly descreaed the crypt depth in jejunum( P<0.05),and significantly increased the villus height in ileum( P<0.05) of laying hens. The results indicate that dietary FOS can improve intestinal morphology,increase the utilization of nutrients,regulate lipid metabolism,and thus promoting the performance and enhancing egg quality of aged laying hens,and the effects are more significant in the later stage of the experiment. Based on the performance indices,the optimal supplemental dose of FOS is 0.20% to 0.25% for aged laying hens in the current study.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide( FOS) on performance,utilization of nutrients,serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens. Three hundred and eighty-four healthy 65-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens with uniform body weight and egg production were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Layers in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% FOS,respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks followed a one-week adaptation phase. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary 0.2% FOS significantly increased the ratio of feed to egg of laying hens during later period of experiment( from 7 to 12 weeks)( P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain showed a quadratic change with the FOS supplementation increasing( P<0.05). 2) Dietary FOS linearly increased yolk color at the end of 12 weeks of this experiment( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,quadratic effects on apparent metabolic energy( AME) and the crude protein utilization ratio were observed with the FOS supplementation increasing( P<0.05),and dietery 0.2% FOS significantly increased AME and the crude protein utilization ratio of laying hens( P<0.05). 4) Dietary FOS linearly increased the contents of total protein and globulin in serum of laying hens( P<0.05),while linearly decreased the contents of total cholesterol,triglyceride( TG) and high-density lipoprotein in serum of laying hens( P < 0.05). The serum TG content in 0. 4% FOS supplemental group and 0.6% FOS supplemental group were significantly lower than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). 5)Compared with the control group,dietary 0.2% FOS significantly descreaed the crypt depth in jejunum( P<0.05),and significantly increased the villus height in ileum( P<0.05) of laying hens. The results indicate that dietary FOS can improve intestinal morphology,increase the utilization of nutrients,regulate lipid metabolism,and thus promoting the performance and enhancing egg quality of aged laying hens,and the effects are more significant in the later stage of the experiment. Based on the performance indices,the optimal supplemental dose of FOS is 0.20% to 0.25% for aged laying hens in the current study.
引文
[1]BAIN M M,NYS Y,DUNN I C.Increasing persistency in lay and stabilising egg quality in longer laying cycles.What are the challenges?[J].British Poultry Science,2016,57(3):330-338.
[2]XU Z R,HU C H,XIA M S,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities,intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(6):1030-1036.
[3]张厂,胡先勤,郭福有,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2007,29(15):14-16.
[4]占秀安,胡彩虹,许梓荣,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(2):196-198.
[5]邰秀林,龙翔,向钊,等.低聚果糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能和血液理化指标及肠黏膜形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(11):34-38.
[6]易中华,马秋刚,张建云,等.果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态结构的影响[J].当代畜牧,2008(8):40-42.
[7]高峰,周光宏,韩正康.寡果糖对雏鸡生产性能、免疫功能和内分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2001,13(2):51-55.
[8]王国杰,柯叶艳,韩正康,等.寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫和内分泌机能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2000,32(6):1-2.
[9]胡彩虹,占秀安,许梓荣.果寡糖对肉仔鸡肌肉中胆固醇水平的影响及其机理探讨[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(4):349-355.
[10]黄杰河,于桂阳,郑春芳.饲料中添加果寡糖对鹌鹑生产性能与胆固醇含量的影响[J].经济动物学报,2010,14(1):35-37.
[11]TAKAHARA S,MOROHASHI T,SANO T,et al.Fructooligosaccharide consumption enhances femoral bone volume and mineral concentrations in rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2000,130(7):1792-1795.
[12]郭勇庆,张英杰,刘月琴,等.不同剂量牛蒡果寡糖对绵羊生产性能和氮平衡的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(3):15-18.
[13]郭勇庆.牛蒡果寡糖对绵羊生产性能、营养物质消化代谢影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2010:14-17.
[14]肖宇,程明,汪文鑫,等.外源寡糖对奶山羊免疫机能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(10):1516-1520.
[15]时祺,朱伟云,杭苏琴.果寡糖对断奶前仔猪粪样中微生物和有机酸浓度的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(6):121-124.
[16]严文恒.果寡糖与土霉素在育肥猪生产上的比较试验[D].硕士学位论文.延边:延边大学,2007:24-30.
[17]MIKKELSEN L L,KNUDSEN K E B,JENSEN B B.In vitro fermentation of fructo-oligosaccharides and transgalacto-oligosaccharides by adapted and unadapted bacterial populations from the gastrointestinal tract of piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,116(3/4):225-238.
[18]XU C L,CHEN X D,JI C,et al.Study of the application of fructooligosaccharides in piglets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(7):1011-1016.
[19]XU Z R,ZOU X T,HU C H,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities,intestinal microflora and morphology of growing pigs[J].AsianAustralasian Journal of Animal Science,2002,15(12):1784-1789.
[20]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:48-104.
[21]王明海.果寡糖对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响[J].南京农学专报,2002,18(4):26-28.
[22]TEN BRUGGENCATE S J M,BOVEE-OUDENHOVEN IM J,LETTINK-WISSINK M L G,et al.Dietary fructooligosaccharides increase intestinal permeability in rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(4):837-842.
[23]KIM G B,SEO Y M,KIM C H,et al.Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance,intestinal microflora,and immune response of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(1):75-82.
[24]ZAGHINI A,MARTELLI G,RONCADA P,et al.Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1in feed for laying hens:effects on egg quality,aflatoxins B1and M1residues in eggs,and aflatoxin B1levels in liver[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(6):825-832.
[25]邹杨,杨占山,李胜利,等.果寡糖作用机理及其在反刍动物上的应用研究[J].中国奶牛,2011(8):7-10.
[26]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.白酒糟酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、免疫机能和肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):890-897.
[27]KELLY-QUAGLIANA K A,NELSON P D,BUDDING-TON R K,et al.Dietary oligofructose and inulin modulate immune functions in mice[J].Nutrition Research,2003,23(2):257-267.
[28]GUIGOZ Y,ROCHAT F,PERRUISSEAU-CARRIER G,et al.Effects of oligosaccharide on the faecal flora and non-specific immune system in elderly people[J].Nutrition Research,2002,22(1/2):13-25.
[29]SUZUKI Y,KAIZU H,YAMAUCHI Y.Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentrations in rats which fed high-cholesterol diets[J].Journal of the Japanese Society of Animal Science,1991,62(6):565-571.
[30]胡彩虹,王友明.果寡糖对肥育猪生长及肠道菌群等的影响[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2001,20(6):586-572,577.
[31]傅念.四株双歧杆菌对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖形成的影响及相关机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2008.
[32]ROBERFROID M B,DELZENNE N M.Dietary fructans[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,1998,18:117-143.
[33]张倩,王宝维.寡糖在家禽生产中的应用研究进展[J].2009(1):52-55,57.
[34]BIELECKA M,BIEDRZYCKA E,MAJKOWSKA A,et al.Effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides on gut microecosystem in rats[J].Food Research International,2002,35(2/3):139-144.
[35]SAKATA T.Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine:a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre,gut microbes and luminal trophic factors[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1987,58(1):95-103.
[2]XU Z R,HU C H,XIA M S,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities,intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(6):1030-1036.
[3]张厂,胡先勤,郭福有,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2007,29(15):14-16.
[4]占秀安,胡彩虹,许梓荣,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(2):196-198.
[5]邰秀林,龙翔,向钊,等.低聚果糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能和血液理化指标及肠黏膜形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(11):34-38.
[6]易中华,马秋刚,张建云,等.果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态结构的影响[J].当代畜牧,2008(8):40-42.
[7]高峰,周光宏,韩正康.寡果糖对雏鸡生产性能、免疫功能和内分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2001,13(2):51-55.
[8]王国杰,柯叶艳,韩正康,等.寡果糖对蛋用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢、免疫和内分泌机能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2000,32(6):1-2.
[9]胡彩虹,占秀安,许梓荣.果寡糖对肉仔鸡肌肉中胆固醇水平的影响及其机理探讨[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(4):349-355.
[10]黄杰河,于桂阳,郑春芳.饲料中添加果寡糖对鹌鹑生产性能与胆固醇含量的影响[J].经济动物学报,2010,14(1):35-37.
[11]TAKAHARA S,MOROHASHI T,SANO T,et al.Fructooligosaccharide consumption enhances femoral bone volume and mineral concentrations in rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2000,130(7):1792-1795.
[12]郭勇庆,张英杰,刘月琴,等.不同剂量牛蒡果寡糖对绵羊生产性能和氮平衡的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(3):15-18.
[13]郭勇庆.牛蒡果寡糖对绵羊生产性能、营养物质消化代谢影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2010:14-17.
[14]肖宇,程明,汪文鑫,等.外源寡糖对奶山羊免疫机能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(10):1516-1520.
[15]时祺,朱伟云,杭苏琴.果寡糖对断奶前仔猪粪样中微生物和有机酸浓度的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(6):121-124.
[16]严文恒.果寡糖与土霉素在育肥猪生产上的比较试验[D].硕士学位论文.延边:延边大学,2007:24-30.
[17]MIKKELSEN L L,KNUDSEN K E B,JENSEN B B.In vitro fermentation of fructo-oligosaccharides and transgalacto-oligosaccharides by adapted and unadapted bacterial populations from the gastrointestinal tract of piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,116(3/4):225-238.
[18]XU C L,CHEN X D,JI C,et al.Study of the application of fructooligosaccharides in piglets[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(7):1011-1016.
[19]XU Z R,ZOU X T,HU C H,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities,intestinal microflora and morphology of growing pigs[J].AsianAustralasian Journal of Animal Science,2002,15(12):1784-1789.
[20]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:48-104.
[21]王明海.果寡糖对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响[J].南京农学专报,2002,18(4):26-28.
[22]TEN BRUGGENCATE S J M,BOVEE-OUDENHOVEN IM J,LETTINK-WISSINK M L G,et al.Dietary fructooligosaccharides increase intestinal permeability in rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(4):837-842.
[23]KIM G B,SEO Y M,KIM C H,et al.Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance,intestinal microflora,and immune response of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(1):75-82.
[24]ZAGHINI A,MARTELLI G,RONCADA P,et al.Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1in feed for laying hens:effects on egg quality,aflatoxins B1and M1residues in eggs,and aflatoxin B1levels in liver[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(6):825-832.
[25]邹杨,杨占山,李胜利,等.果寡糖作用机理及其在反刍动物上的应用研究[J].中国奶牛,2011(8):7-10.
[26]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.白酒糟酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、免疫机能和肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):890-897.
[27]KELLY-QUAGLIANA K A,NELSON P D,BUDDING-TON R K,et al.Dietary oligofructose and inulin modulate immune functions in mice[J].Nutrition Research,2003,23(2):257-267.
[28]GUIGOZ Y,ROCHAT F,PERRUISSEAU-CARRIER G,et al.Effects of oligosaccharide on the faecal flora and non-specific immune system in elderly people[J].Nutrition Research,2002,22(1/2):13-25.
[29]SUZUKI Y,KAIZU H,YAMAUCHI Y.Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentrations in rats which fed high-cholesterol diets[J].Journal of the Japanese Society of Animal Science,1991,62(6):565-571.
[30]胡彩虹,王友明.果寡糖对肥育猪生长及肠道菌群等的影响[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2001,20(6):586-572,577.
[31]傅念.四株双歧杆菌对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖形成的影响及相关机制的研究[D].博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2008.
[32]ROBERFROID M B,DELZENNE N M.Dietary fructans[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,1998,18:117-143.
[33]张倩,王宝维.寡糖在家禽生产中的应用研究进展[J].2009(1):52-55,57.
[34]BIELECKA M,BIEDRZYCKA E,MAJKOWSKA A,et al.Effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides on gut microecosystem in rats[J].Food Research International,2002,35(2/3):139-144.
[35]SAKATA T.Stimulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine:a possible explanation for trophic effects of fermentable fibre,gut microbes and luminal trophic factors[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1987,58(1):95-103.