益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响
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摘要
为了探讨益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响,选择遗传背景相似、平均体质量为(8.55±0.59)kg的断奶长×大仔猪120头,分为2个处理(对照组和试验组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头;对照组饲喂含抗生素的基础日粮,试验组饲喂90%无抗基础日粮+10%益生菌复合发酵料。分别在仔猪28、44和75日龄从每个重复中随机选择2头仔猪采血,进行血清生化和代谢激素指标检测,其中1头屠宰,进行胃肠液pH测定。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪胃肠液pH分别下降12.26%和9.11%;在44和75日龄,血清葡萄糖(GLU)浓度分别提高7.63%和3.93%,甘油三酯(TG)浓度分别提高25.71%和27.54%,尿素氮(BUN)浓度分别降低7.15%和5.85%,总蛋白(TP)质量浓度分别提高16.20%和15.91%,球蛋白(GLB)质量浓度分别提高87.40%和51.26%;白/球比(A/G)显著降低;试验组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性无显著变化,但AST/ALT的比值降低,并在75日龄达到显著水平;试验组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于对照组;试验组促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺激素(T4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、胰岛素(INS)和生长激素(GH)的水平变化不显著,但除T4外,其他指标均呈上升趋势。结果表明,添加益生菌复合发酵饲料可以增强断奶仔猪营养素的合成代谢能力,促进营养素在体内的沉积,从而有利于断奶仔猪的生长,提高生产性能和机体免疫力。
To investigate effects of probiotics composite fermentation feed on gastrointestinal circumstance,serum biochemical and metabolic hormones indexes of weaning piglets,a total of 120 largewhite weaning piglets with average mass of(8.55±0.59)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups(control group and experimental group)with 6 replicates per group and 10 piglets per repetition.Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet with antibiotics,piglets in the treatment groups were fed the90% basal diet without antibiotics and 10% probiotics composite fermentation feed.Two piglets were randomly selected from each replicate at 28 days,44 days and 75 days old respectively.Blood biochemical and metabolic hormones were measured.One of them was slaughtered and the gastrointestinal pH was measured.The results showed that,compared with control group,the gastrointestinal pH of weaning piglets in treatment group fell by 12.26% and 9.11% respectively;at 44 dand 75 dof age,GLU concentration increased by 7.63% and 3.93% respectively,TG concentration increased by 25.71% and 27.54%respectively,the concentration of BUN decreased by 7.15% and 5.85%respectively,TP concentration increased by 16.20% and 15.91% respectively,GLB mass concentration increased by87.40% and 51.26% respectively;A/G ratio decreased significantly;there were no significant change on the activities of ALT,AST and LDH,but the AST/ALT ratio decreased,and the difference reached significant level at age of 75 days;ALP activity of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group;there were no significant change on the levels of TSH,T4,T3,INS and GH,but the data in experimental group was superior to the control group to some extent,except the T4,other indexes highlighted rising trends.The results showed that adding probiotics composite fermentation feed could enhance weaning piglets nutrients anabolism ability,promote the nutrients deposition in the body,which promoted the growth of the weaning piglets and the production performance and immunity of the organism.
To investigate effects of probiotics composite fermentation feed on gastrointestinal circumstance,serum biochemical and metabolic hormones indexes of weaning piglets,a total of 120 largewhite weaning piglets with average mass of(8.55±0.59)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups(control group and experimental group)with 6 replicates per group and 10 piglets per repetition.Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet with antibiotics,piglets in the treatment groups were fed the90% basal diet without antibiotics and 10% probiotics composite fermentation feed.Two piglets were randomly selected from each replicate at 28 days,44 days and 75 days old respectively.Blood biochemical and metabolic hormones were measured.One of them was slaughtered and the gastrointestinal pH was measured.The results showed that,compared with control group,the gastrointestinal pH of weaning piglets in treatment group fell by 12.26% and 9.11% respectively;at 44 dand 75 dof age,GLU concentration increased by 7.63% and 3.93% respectively,TG concentration increased by 25.71% and 27.54%respectively,the concentration of BUN decreased by 7.15% and 5.85%respectively,TP concentration increased by 16.20% and 15.91% respectively,GLB mass concentration increased by87.40% and 51.26% respectively;A/G ratio decreased significantly;there were no significant change on the activities of ALT,AST and LDH,but the AST/ALT ratio decreased,and the difference reached significant level at age of 75 days;ALP activity of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group;there were no significant change on the levels of TSH,T4,T3,INS and GH,but the data in experimental group was superior to the control group to some extent,except the T4,other indexes highlighted rising trends.The results showed that adding probiotics composite fermentation feed could enhance weaning piglets nutrients anabolism ability,promote the nutrients deposition in the body,which promoted the growth of the weaning piglets and the production performance and immunity of the organism.
引文
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[8]袁俊,吴雨龙,阴玉洁,等.绿原酸对小鼠血糖浓度的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):35-40.YUAN J,WU Y L,YIN Y J,et al.Effect of chlorogenic acid on blood glucose concentration of mice[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2015,24(11):35-40.
[9]卢俊鑫,邝哲师,杨金波,等.抗菌肽对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、细胞因子水平和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(15):45-49.LU J X,KUANG ZH SH,YANG J B,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on serum biochemical indexes,cytolane levels and intestine mucosal morphology of weaning piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(15):45-49.
[10]龚月生,张维,曹雨莉,等.日粮蛋自质水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、粪便微生物及血液生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(6):57-62.GONG Y SH,ZHANG W,CAO Y L,et al.Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance,microbiota and blood biochemical parameters of early-weaning piglets[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(6):57-62.
[11]乔家运,张蕊驿,李海花,等.复合非淀粉多糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(7):80-82.QIAO J Y,ZHANG R Y,LI H H,et al.Effect of compound non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of weaned[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,46(7):80-82.
[12]李崇.固态甘蔗糖蜜对断奶仔猪生长性能和部分理化指标的影响研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.LI CH.Effect of the solid cane molasses on growth performance and partial serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2014.
[13]张佳,蔡景义,左之才,等.复方中药清增康对断奶仔猪血液生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009,13(2):98-100.ZHANG J,CAI J Y,ZUO ZH C,et al.Effects of compound chinese herbal medicine Qingzengkang on blood physiological and biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2009,13(2):98-100.
[14]肖英平,洪奇华,刘秀婷,等.谷氨酸胺对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、空肠碱性磷酸酶活性及与肠道健康相关因子基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(8):1438-1446.XIAO Y P,HONG Q H,LIU X T,et al.Effects of glutamine on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients,jejunal alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of genes related to intestinal health in weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(8):1438-1446.
[15]吴苗苗,肖昊,印遇龙,等.谷氨酸对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇刺激下的断奶仔猪生长性能、血常规及血清生化指标变化的干预作用[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1587-1594.WU M M,XIAO H,YIN Y L,et al.Intervention effects of glutamic acid on the changes of growth performance,blood routine and serum biochemical indexes in deoxynivalenol stressed weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(7):1587-1594.
[16]邓波,万晶,徐子伟,等.脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇吸附剂对断奶仔猪生长性血清生化指标及肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1294-1301.DENG B,WAN J,XU Z W,et al.Effects of deoxynivalenol adsorbent on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal morphology of weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(5):1294-1301.
[17]郑宗云.稀土添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.ZHENG Z Y.Effect of rare-earth element on growth performmance and blood biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.
[18]刘超良,谭良溪,田放和.大蒜素对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及生长相关激素的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(18):6-9.LIU CH L,TAN L X,TIAN F H.Effects of allicin on serum biochemical indexes and growth-related hormones of weaner piglets[J].Feed Industry,2009,30(18):6-9.
[19]张立彬.复合蛋白饲料全豆粕替代物饲喂生长育肥猪作用效果的研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2006.ZHANG L B.The study of effection on the growing-andfinishing pigs of compound protein substituent for soybean meal[D].Baoding Hebei:Hebei Agricultural University,2006.
[20]肖车可,毛雨竹,赵旭民,等.生物发酵饲料在生长育肥猪上的应用[J].饲料工业,2013,34(17):28-31.XIAO CH K,MAO Y ZH,ZHAO X M,et al.Application of biological fermentation feed in growing-finishing pigs[J].Feed Industry,2013,34(17):28-31.
[21]张海奇,刘学文,郎森阳,等.w-7对PTZ诱导的癫痛大鼠的脑保护作用及机制的实验研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2010,27(5):423-425.ZHANG H Q,LIU X W,LANG S Y,et al.Neuroprotective effect of calmodulin inhibitor of w-7on PTZ-induced rats[J].Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases,2010,27(5):423-425.
[22]沙爱龙,李继兴,葛建军,等.硬枝碱蓬对卡拉库尔羊生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(3):16-22.SHA A L,LI J X,GE J J,et al.Effects of Suaeda rigida on growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of Karakul Sheep[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(3):16-22.
[2]BRENCHLEY J M,DOUEK D C.Microbial translocation across the GI tract[J].Annual Review of Immunology,2012,30:149-173.
[3]TRACHTMAN H.Escherichia coli O104:H4outbreak in Germany[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2012,366(8):766-767.
[4]邱权,詹志春,周樱,等.饲料中微生态制剂应用研究[J].饲料工业,2016,37(2):55-57.QIU Q,ZHAN ZH CH,ZHOU Y,et al.Research of probiotics application in feed[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(2):55-57.
[5]姜军坡,李毅,王世英,等.Z-27菌剂对育肥猪生长性能、肠道酶活力及消化性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):131-136.JIANG J P,LI Y,WANG SH Y,et al.Effects of Z-27preparation on growth performance,digestive enzymes activities and digestive performance of fattening pigs[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015,44(6):131-136.
[6]罗玲,韩奇鹏,曲湘勇.微生物发酵饲料在动物生产上的应用研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2016(2):45-49.LUO L,HAN Q P,QU X Y.Application of microbial fermented feed in animal production[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2016(2):45-49.
[7]杨琳,张宏福,李长忠,等.不同断奶日龄仔猪消化道酸度和胃蛋白酶活性的动态变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2001,32(4):299-305.YANG L,ZHANG H F,LI CH ZH,et al.Effect of weaning age on pH and gastric pepsin actinity in digestive tract of piglet[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2001,32(4):299-305.
[8]袁俊,吴雨龙,阴玉洁,等.绿原酸对小鼠血糖浓度的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(11):35-40.YUAN J,WU Y L,YIN Y J,et al.Effect of chlorogenic acid on blood glucose concentration of mice[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2015,24(11):35-40.
[9]卢俊鑫,邝哲师,杨金波,等.抗菌肽对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、细胞因子水平和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(15):45-49.LU J X,KUANG ZH SH,YANG J B,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on serum biochemical indexes,cytolane levels and intestine mucosal morphology of weaning piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(15):45-49.
[10]龚月生,张维,曹雨莉,等.日粮蛋自质水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、粪便微生物及血液生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(6):57-62.GONG Y SH,ZHANG W,CAO Y L,et al.Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance,microbiota and blood biochemical parameters of early-weaning piglets[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(6):57-62.
[11]乔家运,张蕊驿,李海花,等.复合非淀粉多糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(7):80-82.QIAO J Y,ZHANG R Y,LI H H,et al.Effect of compound non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of weaned[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,46(7):80-82.
[12]李崇.固态甘蔗糖蜜对断奶仔猪生长性能和部分理化指标的影响研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.LI CH.Effect of the solid cane molasses on growth performance and partial serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2014.
[13]张佳,蔡景义,左之才,等.复方中药清增康对断奶仔猪血液生理生化指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2009,13(2):98-100.ZHANG J,CAI J Y,ZUO ZH C,et al.Effects of compound chinese herbal medicine Qingzengkang on blood physiological and biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2009,13(2):98-100.
[14]肖英平,洪奇华,刘秀婷,等.谷氨酸胺对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、空肠碱性磷酸酶活性及与肠道健康相关因子基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(8):1438-1446.XIAO Y P,HONG Q H,LIU X T,et al.Effects of glutamine on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients,jejunal alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of genes related to intestinal health in weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(8):1438-1446.
[15]吴苗苗,肖昊,印遇龙,等.谷氨酸对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇刺激下的断奶仔猪生长性能、血常规及血清生化指标变化的干预作用[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1587-1594.WU M M,XIAO H,YIN Y L,et al.Intervention effects of glutamic acid on the changes of growth performance,blood routine and serum biochemical indexes in deoxynivalenol stressed weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(7):1587-1594.
[16]邓波,万晶,徐子伟,等.脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇吸附剂对断奶仔猪生长性血清生化指标及肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1294-1301.DENG B,WAN J,XU Z W,et al.Effects of deoxynivalenol adsorbent on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal morphology of weaner piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(5):1294-1301.
[17]郑宗云.稀土添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.ZHENG Z Y.Effect of rare-earth element on growth performmance and blood biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2011.
[18]刘超良,谭良溪,田放和.大蒜素对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及生长相关激素的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(18):6-9.LIU CH L,TAN L X,TIAN F H.Effects of allicin on serum biochemical indexes and growth-related hormones of weaner piglets[J].Feed Industry,2009,30(18):6-9.
[19]张立彬.复合蛋白饲料全豆粕替代物饲喂生长育肥猪作用效果的研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2006.ZHANG L B.The study of effection on the growing-andfinishing pigs of compound protein substituent for soybean meal[D].Baoding Hebei:Hebei Agricultural University,2006.
[20]肖车可,毛雨竹,赵旭民,等.生物发酵饲料在生长育肥猪上的应用[J].饲料工业,2013,34(17):28-31.XIAO CH K,MAO Y ZH,ZHAO X M,et al.Application of biological fermentation feed in growing-finishing pigs[J].Feed Industry,2013,34(17):28-31.
[21]张海奇,刘学文,郎森阳,等.w-7对PTZ诱导的癫痛大鼠的脑保护作用及机制的实验研究[J].中风与神经疾病杂志,2010,27(5):423-425.ZHANG H Q,LIU X W,LANG S Y,et al.Neuroprotective effect of calmodulin inhibitor of w-7on PTZ-induced rats[J].Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases,2010,27(5):423-425.
[22]沙爱龙,李继兴,葛建军,等.硬枝碱蓬对卡拉库尔羊生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(3):16-22.SHA A L,LI J X,GE J J,et al.Effects of Suaeda rigida on growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of Karakul Sheep[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(3):16-22.